#4 hrwt Meaningful Structure of the Five Books of Moses st 1 nd & 2 Coming
TORAH Leviticus 1-15> Leviticus 16 Day of Atonem ent Exodus 25-40> <Leviticus 17-25 WHERE? HOW? WHO? WHY? WHAT? WHY? WHO? HOW? WHEN? WHEN? WHAT? Exodus 19-24 Ten Words + Book of the Covenant Leviticus 26-27 Blessings & Cursings WHAT? Israel to Mt. Sinai Exodus 1-19 Israel to Canaan Numbers 1-34 Genesis 1-50 Deuteronomy 1-34
Leviticus 16 Day of Atonements What? Who? Lev 8-10 priests ordained priests kept holy - Lev 21 Lev 11-15 unclean be holy - Lev 17-20 Lev 1-7 Offerings Holy sacrifice - Lev 22 Why? How? Ex 35-40 Tabernacle built Where? When? Holy times - feasts Lev 23 Ex 32-34 Golden Calf Interlude apostasy Lev 24 The Blasphemer Ex 25-31 Tabernacle planned Where? When? Holy sabbaths - Lev 25
When? Old Testament Shadows of New Testament Realities Annual Feasts
Much of the world follows the modified Julian calendar Some nations (Moslem) and some people (traditional Chinese) have a lunar calendar like the Hebrews. 30 DECEMBER 31 SEPTEMBER NOVEMBER JANUARY 31 AUGUST 31 OCTOBER 30 JULY 31 FEBRUARY 28/29 31 JUNE 31 30 MARCH MAY 31 APRIL 30 The Hebrews calendar was built around observations of the heavenly bodies Genesis 1:14 And God said, "Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark seasons and days and years."
Each Hebrew month was a MOONth. A month began when the first crescent of the waxing moon was observed by the priests. The priests would then blow the ram's horn. The message was relayed by horn blast or signal fire throughout the land.
Numbers 10:10 at your times of rejoicing your appointed feasts and New Moon festivals-- you are to sound the trumpets over your burnt offerings and fellowship offerings,and they will be a memorial for you before your God. I am the LORD your God." The moonregulated calendar told the Hebrews when to celebrate and when to remember. These remembrances focused on the LORD and what he had done, was doing, and would do for his people.
Colossians 2:16,17 Therefore do not let anyone judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a religious festival, a New Moon celebration or a Sabbath day. These are a shadow of the things that were to come; the reality, however, is found in Christ. The moonregulated calendar was a shadow Jesus is reality. New Moons and set feasts proclaimed what the God of free and faithful grace... had done, was doing, and would do in Christ.
The time it takes the earth to circle the sun in a year is 365.2422 days. A MOONth is 29.5306 days long. Festival dates tied to the rhythm of nature (harvesting) would fall almost 11 days "off" (earlier) each year. Twelve MOONths are 10.875 days short of a solar year.. In 35½ years a lunar calendar would fall a full year behind the sun.
1 2345 Seven times during the space of 19 years the priests would lengthen the year by adding a second 12 th month. 1 2 6 7891 3 0 4 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 This kept the monthly calendar in line with the agricultural festivals. 5 6 1 5 1 6 1 1 1 + 7 12 #2
Vernal Equinox Autumnal Equinox The Hebrew year began at the Equinox When days and nights are of equal length. But which one?
Exodus 12:2,3 This month is to be for you the first month of your year. on the tenth day of this month each man is to take a [Passover] lamb Exodus 34:22 Celebrate the Feast of Ingathering [of summer fruit] at the turn of the year. At the time of Israel's departure from Egypt, spring was set as the beginning of the year. In spring the religious calendar began. Later "the turn of the year" (i.e., ROSH HASHANAH) is set at the end of summer. In fall the civil calendar began.
On a potsherd (a broken piece of pottery) from Gezer a 10 th century BC Hebrew describes the farmer's year, month by month. The Gezer inscription begins the year at the fall equinox. SEPT/OCT NOV/DEC JAN/FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE/JULY AUG Two months of harvest (olives?) Two months of planting (cereals?) Two months are late planting(vegetables?) One month of hoeing One month of barley-harvest One month of harvest and festival(grain?) Two months of grape harvesting One month of summer fruit (one last month?)
Hebrew men were required to appear before the LORD three times each year PASSOVER Unleavened Bread PENTECOST Seven Weeks TEMPORARY SHELTERS Tabernacles and come with offerings. 1 2 3 Exodus 23:14-17 Three times a year you are to celebrate a festival to me. Celebrate the Feast of Unleavened Bread; for seven days eat bread made without yeast, as I commanded you. Do this at the appointed time in the month of Abib, for in that month you came out of Egypt. "No one is to appear before me empty-handed. Celebrate the Feast of Harvest with the firstfruits of the crops you sow in your field. Celebrate the Feast of Ingathering at the end of the year, when you gather in your crops from the field. Three times a year all the men are to appear before the Sovereign LORD.
Pilgrimage festivals remembered... PASSOVER Unleavened Bread 1 Deuteronomy 16:2,3 Sacrifice as the Passover to the LORD your God an animal from your flock or herd at the place the LORD will choose as a dwelling for his Name. Do not eat it with bread made with yeast, but for seven days eat unleavened bread, the bread of affliction, because you left Egypt in haste-- so that all the days of your life you may remember the time of your departure from Egypt.
Exodus 12:7,12,13 Then they are to take some of the blood and put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the lambs. On that same night I will pass through Egypt and strike down every firstborn-- both men and animals-- and I will bring judgment on all the gods of Egypt. I am the LORD. The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are; and when I see the blood, I will pass over you. No destructive plague will touch you when I strike Egypt.
Deuteronomy 16:10,11 Count off seven weeks from the time you begin to put the sickle to the standing grain. Then celebrate the Feast of Weeks to the LORD your God by giving a freewill offering in proportion to the blessings the LORD your God has given you. And rejoice before the LORD your God at the place he will choose as a dwelling for his Name-- you, your sons and daughters, your menservants and maidservants, the Levites in your towns, and the aliens, the fatherless and the widows living among you. Remember that you were slaves in Egypt PENTECOST Seven Weeks 2 Pilgrimage festivals remembered...
God's appearance to Israel on Mt. Sinai when he established his covenant with them, happened 50 days after the Passover, which occurred on the even of their departure from Egypt. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 29 30 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25! 7! 7! 2! 5! 7! 7! 7! 5! 2! 1 = 16 days = 31 days = 3 days 2 50 days TOTAL 7x7 weeks + 1 Exodus 19:1-3,5-6,11 In the third month after the Israelites left Egypt--on the very day they came to the Desert of Sinai. After they set Desert of Sinai, and Israel camped there in the desert in front of the mountain. Then Moses went up to God, and the LORD called to him from the mountain [and said] be ready by the third day PENTECOST Seven Weeks
Pilgrimage festivals remembered... Leviticus 23:41-43 Celebrate this as a festival to the LORD for seven days each year. This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations to come; celebrate it in the seventh month. Live in temporary shelters for seven days: All native-born Israelites are to live in such shelters so your descendants will know that I had the Israelites live in temporary shelters when I brought them out of Egypt. 3 TEMPORARY SHELTERS Tabernacles
Pilgrimage festivals remembered... PASSOVER Unleavened Bread PENTECOST Seven Weeks TEMPORARY SHELTERS Tabernacles 1 2 3 Deuteronomy 6:20,21 In the future, when your son asks you, "What is the meaning of the stipulations, decrees and laws the LORD our God has commanded you?" tell him: "We were slaves of Pharaoh in Egypt, but the LORD brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand.
Pilgrimage festivals celebrated God s goodness to the farmer in the present... 1 PASSOVER Unleavened Bread Exodus 12:3,5,6 on the tenth day of this month each man is to take a lamb for his family The animals you choose must be year-old males without defect, and you may take them from the sheep or the goats. Take care of them until the fourteenth day of the month, when all the people of the community of Israel must slaughter them at twilight.
PASSOVER Unleavened Bread shadow!!! reality 1 John 6:53,54 Jesus said to them, "I tell you the truth, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day.
2 3 1 PASSOVER Unleavened Bread Pilgrimage festivals celebrated the LORD s ever-present goodness in the present... 1 Exodus 12:8,14,15 That same night they are to eat the [1] meat roasted over the fire,along with [2] bitter herbs, and [3] bread made without yeast... This is a day you are to commemorate; for the generations to come you shall celebrate it as a festival to the LORD-- a lasting ordinance. For seven days you are to eat bread made without yeast. On the first day remove the yeast from your houses, for whoever eats anything with yeast in it from the first day through the seventh must be cut off from Israel.
PASSOVER Unleavened Bread shadow!!! reality 1 1 Corinthians 5:7-8 Get rid of the old yeast that you may be a new batch without yeast-- as you really are. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed. Therefore let us keep the Festival, not with the old yeast, the yeast of malice and wickedness, but with bread without yeast, the bread of sincerity and truth.
PASSOVER Unleavened Bread shadow!!! reality 1 1 Corinthians 11:24-25 The Lord Jesus, on the night he was betrayed, took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, "This is my body, which is for you; do this in remembrance of me."in the same way, after supper he took the cup, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood; do this, whenever you drink it, in remembrance of me."
PASSOVER Unleavened Bread shadow!!! reality 1 1 Corinthians 15:20-23 But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have For as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made alive. For since death came through a man, the resurrection of the dead comes also through a man. But each in his own turn: Christ, the firstfruits; then, when he comes, those who belong to him. wave up down back forth
Pilgrimage festivals celebrated the LORD s ever-present goodness in the present... Waving of the Firstfruits PASSOVER Unleavened Bread 1 Leviticus 23:10,11 Speak to the Israelites and say to them: 'When you enter the land I am going to give you and you reap its harvest, bring to the priest a sheaf of the first grain you harvest. He is to wave the sheaf before the LORD so it will be accepted on your behalf; the priest is to wave it on the day after the [Passover] Sabbath. Waving was done up and down and back and forth.
Pilgrimage festivals celebrated the LORD s ever-present goodness in the present... Leviticus 23:15-17, 20,21 From the day after the Sabbath, the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, count off seven full weeks. Count off fifty days up to the day after the seventh Sabbath, and then present an offering of new grain to the LORD. From wherever you live, bring two loaves made of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour, baked with yeast, as a wave offering of firstfruits to the LORD....The priest is to wave the two lambs before the LORD as a wave offering, together with the bread of the firstfruits. On that same day you are to proclaim a sacred assembly and do no regular work. 2!!! reality shadow!!!
Acts 2:1-4,41 When the day of Pentecost [7x7 days + 1] came, they were all together in one place. Suddenly a sound like the blowing of a violent wind came from heaven and filled the whole house where they were sitting. They saw what seemed to be tongues of fire that separated and came to rest on each of them. All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them. Those who accepted his message were baptized, and about three thousand were added to their number that day. future reality 2 Romans 1:16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God that brings salvation to everyone who believes: first to the Jew, then to the Gentile.
Matthew 13:33 He told them still another parable: "The kingdom of heaven is like yeast that a woman took and mixed into a large amount of flour until it worked all through the dough. Galatians 6:15-16 Neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything; what counts is the new creation. Peace and mercy to all who follow this rule--to the Israel of God. 2 future reality
shadow!!! Leviticus 23:23,24 On the first day of the seventh month you are to have a day of rest, a sacred assembly commemorated with trumpet blasts. Trumpets New Moon
1 Thessalonians 4:16 For the Lord himself will come down from heaven, with a loud command, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet call of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. reality future Philippians 2:9-11 Therefore God exalted him to the highest place and gave him the name that is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
Day of Atonement Leviticus 23:27-29 The tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. Hold a sacred assembly and deny yourselves, and present an offering made to the LORD by fire. Do no work on that day, because it is the Day of Atonement, when atonement is made for you before the LORD your God. Anyone who does not deny himself on that day must be cut off from his people shadow!!!
Hebrews 9:7,11,12 But only the high priest entered the inner room, and that only once a year, and never without blood, which he offered for himself and for the sins the people had committed in ignorance. When Christ came as high priest He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves; but he entered the Most Holy Place once for all by his own blood, having obtained eternal redemption. Matthew 16:24 Then Jesus said to his disciples, "If anyone would come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. future reality
Leviticus 23:34,39,40,42 On the fifteenth day of the seventh month the LORD s Feast of Tabernacles begins, and it lasts for seven days The first day is a day of rest, and the eighth day is also a day of rest. On the first day you are to take [1] choice fruit from the trees, and [2] palm fronds, leafy branches and poplars, and rejoice before the LORD your God for seven days. [3] Live in temporary shelters for seven days 3 3 2 TEMPORARY SHELTERS Tabernacles 1 shadow!!!
3 TEMPORARY SHELTERS Tabernacles Leviticus 23:42 Live in temporary shelters for seven days shadow!!!
shadow!!! myrtle Citron = ethrog palm fronds Lulav poplars Leviticus 23:40 On the first day you are to take choice fruit from the trees, and palm fronds, leafy branches and poplars, and rejoice before the LORD your God for seven days.
Zechariah 14:16 Then the survivors from all the nations will go up year after year to worship the King, the LORD Almighty, and to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles. future reality
Revelation 7:9 After this I looked and there before me was a great multitude that no one could count, from every nation, tribe, people and language, standing before the throne and in front of the Lamb. They were wearing white robes and were holding palm branches in their hands. future reality Philippians 1:9-11 And this is my prayer: that you may be able to discern what is best and may be pure and blameless until the day of Christ, filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ.
Romans 7:4 So, my brothers, you also died to the law through the body of Christ, that you might belong to another, to him who was raised from the dead, in order that we might bear fruit to God. Colossians 1:6,10 All over the world this gospel is bearing fruit and growing, And we pray this in order that you may live a life worthy of the Lord and may please him in every way: bearing fruit in every good work. John 15:16 You did not choose me, but I chose you and appointed you to go and bear fruit-- fruit that will last. future reality
future reality John 8:12 When Jesus spoke again to the people, he said, "I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life." John 7:37-39 On the last and greatest day of the Feast, Jesus stood and said in a loud voice, "If anyone is thirsty, let him come to me and drink. Whoever believes in me, as the Scripture has said, streams of living water will flow from within him." By this he meant the Spirit
Leviticus 24:2-3 "Command the Israelites to bring you clear oil of pressed olives for the light so that the lamps may be kept burning continually. This is to be a lasting ordinance for the generations to come. Where? When?
Leviticus 24:5-6 "Take fine flour and bake twelve loaves of bread Set them in two rows, six in each row, on the table of pure gold before the LORD. Where? When? Leviticus 24:8 This bread is to be set out before the LORD regularly, Sabbath after Sabbath, on behalf of the Israelites, as a lasting covenant..
Grain Harvest * pilgrim festivals (when all must appear before the LORD) First HARVEST 1 st MOONth Festival Year Civil year 7 th Moonth * * PASSOVER Unleavened Bread 1 st month full moon to 21 st day Waving of the Firstfruits day after the Passover Sabbath PENTECOST 7 Weeks + 1 day after Passover Last Supper & Crucifixion Resurrection Birth of the Church Fir st Co mi ng 1 st MOONth Civil Year Festival Year 7 th Moonth Fruit Harvest * Trumpets 7 th month New Moon Day of Atonement 7 th month 10 th day TEMPORARY SHELTERS Tabernacles 7 th month full moon (14 th ) to 21 st day Last Day Last Judgment Everlasting Life Final HARVEST Se co nd Co mi ng
Festivals at the time of Jesus 6 5 7 4 9 14 8 PASSOVER 14 Unleavened Bread 1+7 days PENTECOST (Shev'aot) 8* 3 1 day FAST OF AV (T'shah b'av) 1 day Atonement BOOTHS (Sukkot) 4 days Dry Season 8 days Rainy Season DEDICATION (Hannukah) 925 8 days 10 11 PURIM 14 12 2 days 2 1 7 weeks (Pesach) RUTH Grain Harvest SONG LAMENTATIONS Fruit Harvest ECCLESIASTES 1 MACCABEES John 10:22 ESTHER April June August Octo- ber December Feb/Mar Pilgrimage Pilgrimage Pilgrimage
Nebraska District Pastors Institute Beautiful Savior Lutheran Topeka, Kansas Making Christo-centric Sense of the Torah John C. Lawrenz April 14 & 15, 2015 To the best of our knowledge all materials in this presentation meet the standards of fair use. No copyrighted material in this presentation should be copied for any use that violates fair use.