DEREKH ERETZ - BEING A MENSCH. Sources from Harav Yehuda Amital Compiled by Aryeh Pelcovitz

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DEREKH ERETZ - BEING A MENSCH Sources from Harav Yehuda Amital Compiled by Aryeh Pelcovitz

1. Derekh Eretz Preceded the Torah Yalkut Shimoni, Bereishit 34 "To guard the derekh (way) [to the tree of life]" (Bereishit 3:24) - this refers to derekh eretz. This teaches that derekh eretz preceded the tree of life, and there is no tree but Torah, as it says: "She is a tree of life"(mishlei, 3:18). Tractate Avot (3:17) Rabbi Eliezer ben Azarya says: When there is no Torah, there is no derekh eretz; when there is no derekh eretz, there is no Torah. ילקוט שמעוני תורה פרשת בראשית קדמה דרך ארץ את התורה שנאמר לשמור את דרך עץ החיים דרך זה דרך ארץ ואחר כך עץ החיים זה תורה מסכת אבות פרק ג משנה יז רבי אלעזר בן עזריה אומר אם אין תורה אין דרך ארץ אם אין דרך ארץ אין תורה Netivot Olam, netiv Derekh Eretz Derekh eretz is comprised of all the ethical teachings in tractate Avot, as well as the ethical teachings mentioned in the Talmud, and all other ethical teachings. It consists of conduct that is proper and that is pleasing to people. It includes teachings which, if one does not follow them, he thereby commits a great sin and transgression, so that one must be mindful of them. This is why they are called "divrei mussar" ("chastising words"), for they chastise a person that he should not walk in the path of evil. For the patriarchs of the world, whom the Blessed One accompanied wherever they went, so that one might have imagined that the normal way of the world, i.e., the way of man as man, did not apply to them whatsoever - this is certainly not true, for they lived according to the normal way of the world. If the Blessed One performed miracles on their behalf outside the way of the world, this was only temporary and when necessary. Otherwise, they lived according to the way of the world, for derekh eretz is the way of this world. He who does not conduct himself in accordance with the ways of the world is not considered part of the world at all. Hence, a person should not make light of things that are the way of the world, for derekh eretz preceded the world... The world cannot exist without derekh eretz, as [the Sages] said: When there is no derekh eretz, there is no Torah. And from here we learn that derekh eretz is a fundamental part of the Torah, which is the way of the tree of life.

Babylonian Talmud Yoma 86a What constitutes the profanation of the name [of God]? Rav said: For example, if I were to buy meat from a butcher without immediately paying for it.[ an ethical violation] Tractate Avot Section 3 Mishna 12 Rabbi Yishmael said: Be submissive to a superior and kindly to the young; and receive all men cheerfully. Maimonidies Commentary on the Mishan Tractate Avot Chapter 3 It is fitting to receive every man, lowly and grand, free-man and slave, every member of the human race, with joy and happiness. This goes beyond what Shammai says (Avot 1:15): "[Receive all men] with a kindly countenance." תלמוד בבלי מסכת יומא דף פו עמוד א היכי דמי חילול השם? אמר רב: כגון אנא. אי שקילנא בישרא מטבחא ולא יהיבנא דמי לאלתר מסכת אבות פרק ג משנה יב רבי ישמעאל אומר הוי קל לראש ונוח לתשחורת והוי מקבל את כל האדם בשמחה פירוש המשנה לרמב"ם מסכת אבות פרק ג אלא ראוי שתקבל בני האדם כולם, קטנם וגדולם, בן החורין מהם והעבד, כל איש ממין האדם, בשמחה ובטוב לבב. וזה יותר ממאמר שמאי בסבר פנים יפות Rabbi Naftali Zvi Berlin (the Netziv): Ha'amek Davar This was the praise of the patriarchs, that in addition to being righteous, saintly, and lovers of God in the best possible manner, they were also straight and honest, that is, they conducted themselves with the nations of the world, even the ugliest idolaters, with love, and they sought their welfare, that being the fulfillment of the purpose of creation. 2. Practical Expressions of Derekh Eretz Tractacte Berachot Chapter 2 Mishna 1 In the breaks [between sections of Shema], one may give greetings out of respect and return greetings; in the middle [of a section], one may give greetings out of fear and return greetings; these are the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yehuda says: In the middle [of a section], one may give greetings out of fear and return them out of respect; in the breaks, one may give greetings out of respect and return greetings to anyone. מסכת ברכות פרק ב משנה א בפרקים שואל מפני הכבוד ומשיב ובאמצע שואל מפני היראה ומשיב דברי ר' מאיר ר' יהודה אומר באמצע שואל מפני היראה ומשיב מפני הכבוד בפרקים שואל מפני הכבוד ומשיב שלום לכל אדם

Maimonidies Hilkhot Keri'at Shema 2:15 If a person was reading [Shema], and he met other people or was accosted by them - if he was between sections, he pauses and greets anyone to whom he is dutibound to show honor, e.g., if he met his father, or his teacher, or his superior in learning. And he returns the greeting of any man who greeted him. Babylonian Talmud Tractate Berachot 6a Rabbi Chelbo said in the name of Rav Huna: If one knows that his friend is accustomed to greeting him, let him greet him first. For it is said: "Seek peace and pursue it" (Tehilim 34:15). And if his friend greets him and he does not return the greeting, he is called a thief. For it is said: "It is you that have eaten up the vineyard; the spoil of the poor is in your houses" (Yeshayahu 3:14). Responsa Maimonidies, 180 Is it permissible to interrupt the blessings that precede or follow the recitation of Shema with one of the new piyyutim, or with one of the blessings that happens to fall upon him, e.g., for tzitzit or tefillin, or for things, the seeing, hearing, or smelling of which obligate a blessing, and this is considered like giving or returning a greeting? Or do we say about something like this that what was stated was stated, and what was not stated was not stated? Interrupting [between blessings] for one of the piyyutim is an absolute mistake and error, there being no grounds to allow it. And there are no grounds for interrupting between [blessings] in order to recite of one of the [other] blessings. For he is engaged in [the performance of] a mitzva; why then should he interrupt the fulfillment of the mitzva he is engaged in and accept upon himself a different mitzva? Magen Avraham 66:1 Maharam Tiktin wrote in a marginal note on Alfasi in the name of Nimukei Ha-Rosh, that only in the case of a new face may one greet or return a greeting, for if he fails to offer a greeting, it will lead to hatred. And in a synagogue where we do not offer greetings, it is certainly forbidden to greet or return greetings, even words of Torah, neither between the sections of Shema nor in רמב"ם הלכות קריאת שמע פרק ב הלכה טו היה קורא ופגע באחרים או פגעו בו אחרים, אם היה בין פרק לפרק פוסק ומתחיל ושואל שלום מי שהוא חייב בכבודו כגון שפגע באביו או רבו או מי שהוא גדול ממנו בחכמה, ומשיב שלום לכל אדם שנתן לו שלום. תלמוד בבלי מסכת ברכות דף ו עמוד ב ואמר רבי חלבו אמר רב הונא: כל שיודע בחברו שהוא רגיל ליתן לו שלום - יקדים לו שלום, שנאמר: +תהלים ל"ד+ בקש שלום ורדפהו, ואם נתן לו ולא החזיר - נקרא גזלן, שנאמר: +ישעיהו ג'+ ואתם בערתם הכרם גזלת העני בבתיכם. שו"ת הרמב"ם סימן קפ המותר למתפלל להפסיק בין הברכות שקודם קריאת שמע או שלאחריה בדבר מן הפיוטים החדשים...או בדבר מן הברכות שמזדמנות, כגון ציצית ותפילין או דברים שרואים או שומעים או מריחים, ויהיה זה כמו שאלת שלום והשבתו, או נאמר בכגון זה דאיתמר איתמר ודלא איתמר לא איתמר להפסיק ביניהן בדבר מן הפיוטים הוא משגה וטעות גמורה, ואין פנים להתירו ולהפסיק ביניהן באחת הברכות, אין לזה פנים, לפי שהוא עוסק במצוה, ולמה יפסיק מה שהוא עוסק בו לקיים מצותו ויקבל על עצמו מצוה אחרת מגן אברהם סימן סו א) ומהר"ם טיקטין כתב בגליון הרי"ף בשם נימוקי מהרא"ש דוקא בפנים חדשות שואל ומשיב שאם לא ישאל יבא לידי שנאה ובב"ה

Pesukei de-zimra. And Sefer Chinukh writes: For someone whom we have not seen to get angry at another person at all, one should not interrupt even between sections." Tractate Demai Chapter 4 Mishna 2 If a man imposed a vow upon his friend to eat with him, and that friend does not trust him in respect to tithes, he may eat with him the first week, even though he does not trust him in respect to tithes, provided that the man had declared to him that the food had been tithed. But the second week, even though the man had bound himself by a vow not to enjoy any benefit from him, he may not eat with the man unless he had first tithed. Maimonidies Commentary on the Mishna Tractate Demai Chapter 4 That which it says, "even though the man had bound himself by a vow not to enjoy any benefit from him," means: Even though he mentioned to him in his oath that he would derive no benefit from him if he does not eat with him, so that he must do so [=eat with him] in order to strengthen the friendship and remove the animosity that will develop between them if he does not eat with him. Nevertheless, he may not eat with him until he tithes [the produce]. Mesilat Yesharim Chapter 20 Indeed, a person is obligated to keep all the commandments, with every minute detail, without fear or shame... But there are supererogatory deeds of piety which, if one performs them before the common masses, will cause them to laugh at him and ridicule him... It is certainly more correct for a pious person to forsake such practices rather than perform them. This is what the Prophet meant when he said: "And walk humbly with your God" (Mikha 6:8). Many men of great piety abandoned their pious practices when they were among the common masses so as not to appear boastful... You may derive from this that one who aspires to true piety must weigh all of his actions in relation to the consequences that follow from them and the circumstances that accompany them, considering the time, social environment, occasion, and place. שאין אנו שואלין בשלום חלילה לשאול או להשיב אפי' מד"ת לא בין הפרקים ולא בפסוקי דזמרה עכ"ל, ובס' החינוך כתב ומי שלא ראינו שיקפיד על חבירו כלל לא יפסיק אפי' בין הפרקים מסכת דמאי פרק ד משנה ב המדיר את חבירו שיאכל אצלו והוא אינו מאמינו על המעשרות אוכל עמו בשבת הראשונה ואף על פי שאינו מאמינו על המעשרות ובלבד שיאמר לו מעושרין הן ובשבת שניה אף על פי שנדר ממנו הנייה לא יאכל עד שיעשר פירוש המשנה לרמב"ם מסכת דמאי פרק ד ו אע"פ שנדר ממנו הנייה, ר"ל אפילו הקפיד עליו בשבועה ונשבע שלא ייהנה לו אם לא יאכל אצלו שזה מורה על חומרת המצב והתחלת האיבה אם לא יאכל אצלו, אין לחוש לכך, עד שיפריש הוא בעצמו את המעשרות או יופרשו לפניו ספר מסילת ישרים פרק כ הנה חייב האדם לשמור כל המצות בכל דקדוקיהם... אך יש איזה תוספות חסידות שאם יעשה אותם האדם לפני המון העם ישחקו עליו ויתלוצצו... הנה דבר כזה ודאי שיותר הגון הוא לחסיד שיניחהו משיעשהו, והוא מה שאמר (מיכה ו') : "והצנע לכת עם אלהיך". וכמה חסידים גדולים הניחו ממנהגי חסידותם בהיותם בין המון העם, משום דמחזי כיוהרא... נמצאת למד שהבא להתחסד חסידות אמיתי צריך שישקול כל מעשיו לפי התולדות הנמשכות מהם, ולפי התנאים המתלוים להם לפי העת לפי החברה לפי

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