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Index A acclamation, 120 1, 123, 125, 127, 238 Agamben, Giorgio, 129 30, 255 alterity, 145, 149 50, 152, 158, 162, 165 6, 180, 184, 188, 192, 199, 207, 234, 239, 246 animals, 178 80, 256 annihilation, 60, 99, 103, 105, 109, 123, 132 3, 136, 149, 157 constitutional, 123 physical, 80 1, 87, 93 4, 132, 178 authority, 3, 8, 55 6, 117, 119 20, 127, 186, 252 autonomy, 69, 81, 124, 198 9 B belief, 13, 15 16, 18, 23, 27, 29 30, 32 5, 41, 47, 55 8, 62 3, 67, 84 5, 136 7, 252 Bergo, Bettina, xvi, 153, 193 Bernasconi, Robert, 163, 182, 208 9, 256, 260 Botwinick, Aryeh, 11, 197, 256 C chaos, 116, 125, 129 30 Christianity, 49, 148, 151, 247 closure, xvii, 11, 145, 151, 158 9, 161 3, 190, 216, 241 command, 183, 185 6, 195, 206, 223 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 G. Rae, The Problem of Political Foundations in Carl Schmitt and Emmanuel Levinas, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-59168-5 263

264 Index community, 13 15, 30 1, 70, 72, 75 80, 82 3, 88, 95 8, 109 10, 125 7, 131, 154, 175, 177, 203 4 complexio oppositorum, 16, 40, 42, 49, 52 8, 60, 88 9, 109, 116, 128, 130 1, 164, 180 3, 192 3, 196 comprehension, 70, 154, 160, 172, 181, 183 6, 188 conceptuality, 21, 48, 185, 188 94, 196, 224 constituting power, xii, 18, 28, 111 27, 129 30, 203, 213, 224, 233 decision of, 18, 122, 127 constitution, 17 18, 112 20, 122 7, 131, 167, 194, 203, 233 constitutional decision-maker, 17, 127 laws, 54, 117 18, 123 4, 129 legitimacy, 115, 120, 122, 124, 233 sovereign, 17, 54, 113, 118, 125, 127, 129 state, 36, 39, 114, 119, 125, 233 structures, 22, 28, 123, 127, 168, 240 theory, xvi, 17, 25, 44, 115 16, 119, 124, 168, 256 Critchley, Simon, 7, 159, 174, 256 7, 260 Crowe, Jonathon, 210, 222, 257 culture, 66, 79, 144, 181, 234, 259 61 D decision, 13 15, 18 19, 30 3, 44 5, 83 7, 96 8, 114 15, 117 22, 125 8, 168, 196 200, 202 5, 214, 217 20, 231 4 normative, 14, 31 normless, xiii xiv, 13 15, 17 18, 30 1, 111 16, 122, 126 8, 131, 136 7, 168 9, 204 5, 213 14, 232 3, 240, 251 3 political, 48, 116, 134, 220 deconstruction, 189, 192, 256, 261 democracy, 18, 50, 114, 117, 121 2, 250, 258, 260 1 depoliticization, xv, 16, 31, 38, 59 61, 64 5, 68, 74, 93, 100, 105, 107, 109 10, 204 Derrida, Jacques, 6, 10 11, 21, 69 72, 188 93, 256 9 de-theologization, 15 16, 38, 40 2, 45, 59, 82 dialectical relationship, 86, 97, 196 dictatorship, xvi, 18, 113 14, 117 18, 126 divine revelation, 16, 23, 28, 32, 37, 45, 57 8, 131 2, 137, 164 5, 181, 227, 229, 240 2, 252 faith in, 15, 56 8, 131, 160, 204 E ego, 19 22, 88, 92, 147, 152 6, 165 7, 171 5, 177 8, 184 9, 191, 195 200, 206 14, 223 4, 237, 247

Index 265 enemy, 16, 19, 31 2, 49 50, 60, 69 76, 78 80, 84 5, 87 8, 92 110, 132, 134 6, 142, 175, 177 absolute, 95, 102 5, 108 political, 73, 80, 91, 108 real, 76, 92, 104, 106 8 enmity absolute, 31, 93, 98, 100, 103 9, 132 3, 135 6, 204 classical, 98, 102 3, 107 real, 19, 101 4, 107 8, 110, 132 3, 135 eschatology, 162 3, 193 essence, xvii, 5, 11, 20, 53 4, 57, 59 60, 64, 69, 149 52, 155 6, 162, 166 7, 176, 178 abstract, 64, 150 2, 156 fi xed, 147, 149 51, 156, 162 universal, 149 50, 153 ethical, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 181, 183, 185 7, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199 acts, 197, 231 demands, 202, 218, 235, 239 40 foundations, 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 161, 163, 165, 167 life, 59, 236 relation, 25 6, 165 68, 171 2, 178 80, 187, 200 4, 206, 208 11, 215 18, 222 5, 228 32, 235 9, 241 4, 247 8, 250 1 responsibility, 193, 202, 212, 214 ethics, 60, 83, 140 3, 145 7, 155 7, 161 3, 165 6, 168 9, 173 5, 182 4, 208, 214 15, 221 4, 228 30, 242 and politics, 11, 208 9, 222, 255, 257 exception, 15, 17 18, 36, 113, 116 17, 125, 127, 129 31, 198, 260 existence, 3 4, 19, 24 5, 94 5, 109 10, 123 4, 135, 157 8, 160, 162, 164 5, 176 7, 187, 209 10, 212 existents, xvi, 158, 162, 190 F face-to-face encounter, 82, 112, 201 2, 207, 210 12, 241, 251 relation, 13, 20, 22, 161, 164, 181 2, 200, 206 8, 210, 216, 221, 224, 227, 231 32, 237 8 Fagan, Madeleine, 202, 208, 221, 223, 257, 259 faith, 12 16, 18 19, 23, 25 8, 32 4, 40 1, 46 9, 53 8, 77 8, 97 8, 131, 136 7, 204 5, 240 1, 251 2 epistemic, 2, 15 16, 32 3, 49, 52 8, 114, 131, 136, 149, 156, 165, 168 9, 181, 225, 252 normless, 14, 204 theological, 66 foundationless, 14, 30 1

266 Index foundations, xi xiv, 1 2, 4 6, 26, 29 32, 62, 64, 117, 119, 150, 153, 155, 157, 174 5, 204 5 contingent, 30 theological, 15, 112 freedom, 5 6, 20, 50, 67 8, 124, 147 8, 151 2, 165, 187, 212, 260 friend, 12, 15 16, 60, 69 75, 78, 80, 84 5, 87, 91, 95, 97, 106, 108 9, 175, 177 and enemy, 11, 19, 60, 72, 74 5, 79, 87, 94 6, 109, 135, 175, 256 political, 16, 79, 91, 108 9, 134 G God, xvi, 1 6, 28 30, 32 7, 39, 42, 44 7, 53 4, 57 8, 62 3, 164 5, 205, 241, 243 4, 246 7 of onto-theology, 4, 165 Gray, Phillip, 37 8, 257 Greeks, 2, 13, 196, 227, 230, 248, 257 H Hegel, Georg, xi, 3, 59, 236, 258, 260 Heidegger, Martin, xi, 5 6, 20, 64, 141, 150, 158 62, 256, 260 history, xii, 6, 20, 47, 49 50, 59 61, 64 5, 71, 98, 141, 148, 155 7, 163 4, 248, 255 Holocaust, 20, 143 4, 147, 258 human cognition, 3, 8, 28, 34, 41, 46 8, 53 4, 56 7, 131, 137, 155 6, 205, 240, 243 humanity, 7, 35, 67, 132 5, 179 80, 246, 258 regulative concept of, 133 I identity, xi, 4 5, 42, 44, 77, 83, 86, 96, 101, 126 7, 152, 154, 162, 173, 178 political, 86, 154 relational nature of, 96, 198 immanence, 44 6, 163 infi nity, xvi, 21, 141, 145, 159 65, 171, 173, 183, 188 94, 196, 209, 215 16, 241, 248, 256 intensity, 74 6, 78 9, 81 2, 94, 103, 105 9, 177 degree of, 74, 79 80, 104 5, 108 political, 101, 105 Israel, 9, 26, 215, 242 3, 245 50 J Judaism, xiii, 13 14, 48, 51, 114, 156, 205, 240, 242 4, 252 judgement, 8, 12, 38, 46 7, 85 6, 104, 107, 120, 142 3, 202, 210, 214 15, 217 20, 235 jurisprudence, 36, 38, 55, 256, 258 jus publicum Europaeum, xvii, 98 105

Index 267 justice, xii xiii, 11, 13 14, 22 3, 64, 114, 129 30, 203 5, 208 20, 223 4, 227 8, 230 8, 240 1, 249 51, 260 nature of, 201, 227 to-come, 21, 236 37, 239, 242, 250 K Kalyvas, Andreas, 86, 88, 115, 121 2, 133, 258 L language, 7, 21, 159, 161, 181 2, 190 6, 215, 255 law, 9 10, 38 9, 77, 110, 112, 116, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 31, 214, 221 4, 234, 256 61 conceptual, 223 24 ethical, 224, 244 political, 216, 223 4 Lefebvre, Alexandre, 87 8, 258 legitimacy, xii, xvii, 17 18, 22, 45, 55, 112 14, 117 19, 122 3, 125, 205, 212 13, 216, 233, 239 40 liberalism, 10, 61, 125, 151, 177, 237 9, 258 Lievens, Mathias, 132 7, 258 life, 35, 41, 67 8, 70, 72 3, 77, 80 1, 88, 91, 95, 119, 126, 129, 174, 181 logic, 6, 19 21, 30, 54, 69 71, 92, 94, 135, 146, 150, 155, 179, 213, 249 M Meier, Heinrich, 28, 32 3, 57, 85, 132, 259 metaphysics, 7 8, 35 6, 39, 42, 44 5, 62, 111, 158 9, 161 2, 190, 257 monarchy, 42, 117 18 morality, xvii, 16, 62, 66, 69, 72, 104 5, 107, 110, 142 3, 176, 179, 221 2, 245, 247 N naturalism, 3, 7, 35, 45, 62 nature, xi, xiii, 1 2, 9, 11 12, 14, 26, 35 6, 58 60, 116, 129 30, 176, 194 5, 203 4, 225 telluric, 101, 103 neutralization, xv, 38, 61, 65, 67 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 3 4, 259 non-conceptuality, 21, 189, 192, 194 norms, 13 14, 17 18, 22 4, 30 1, 97 8, 114 21, 126 31, 167 8, 203 5, 214, 220 1, 227, 231 4, 240, 251 2 ethical, 122, 132, 204 5 political, 204 5, 220 transcendent, 18, 114, 250 universal, 128, 213 O obedience, 28, 32, 34, 244 object, 46, 152, 159 60, 172 3, 178, 180 4, 233, 237 onto-genesis, 116, 154, 197 8

268 Index ontological difference, 20, 158 60 limitations, 24, 32, 47, 253 politics, 13, 139 40, 156, 172, 204 5, 215, 217, 225, 241, 250 totality, 142, 188 understanding, 147, 149 50 ontology, xi, 11, 13, 20 1, 92, 140 41, 147, 150 57, 161, 171, 176, 183 5, 188 92, 215 16, 259 60 privileging of, 92, 147, 149, 151, 153, 177 onto-theology, 4 7, 165, 259 order, 17, 52, 116, 119, 121, 126 7, 129, 181 3, 185, 212, 214 15, 217, 221, 236, 238 political, 67, 119, 129, 218 P Pacifism, 95 6 partisan autochthonous, 104 7 global revolutionary, 104 6 peace, 65 8, 98, 121, 144 6, 166, 185 phenomenology, 190, 194, 256 7 pluralism, 30, 67, 124, 126 political action, 23 4, 51, 55, 69, 134 6, 213, 219, 237 association, 31, 75 80, 82, 94, 97 community, 17, 31, 76 9, 82, 84, 91, 97, 103, 106, 124, 177, 251 form, xvii, 15 16, 40, 48 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 134, 223 4, 249 horrors, 148, 165 6, 171, 177, 196 legitimacy, 14, 17, 59, 115, 203, 205, 225 power, 55, 65, 242 sovereign, 19, 83 9, 92, 109, 125, 131, 133, 154, 221 system, 202, 218, 251 politics, 22 3, 25 6, 63 4, 71, 108, 139 43, 146, 203 4, 208 9, 214 15, 221 3, 227 8, 236 7, 242 3, 255 61 actual, 71 prophetic, 13, 16, 23, 25 6, 111, 140, 165, 169, 172, 227 9, 231 3, 239, 241 3, 245, 251 3 populace, xii xiv, 14, 17 18, 22, 43 4, 99, 112 15, 118 20, 122 8, 213, 217, 233 4, 237, 239 40, 252 3 post-foundationalism, 29 30 a priori rules, 166, 200, 214, 220, 224 prophecy, 160, 201, 227, 240 1, 243 proximity, 145 6, 173 Purcell, Michael, 176, 229, 243, 260 purity, 71, 238, 249 50 Putnam, Hilary, 167, 243 4, 260 R religion, 2 3, 13 14, 28 9, 31 4, 40 1, 48 9, 51 3, 55 8, 63 4, 131, 136 7, 148 9, 164 5, 242 45, 257 8 responsibility, xiv, 20, 22, 24, 165 6, 184 7, 199 200, 208 9, 211 15, 218, 221, 232, 236 7, 244 8, 253

Index 269 absolute, 207, 243 4 infinite, xiii, 15, 165, 186, 201 2, 211 12, 223, 237, 253 revelation, 12, 15 16, 23, 28, 32, 34, 56, 58, 77, 84, 229, 241, 243, 250 52, 255 Roman Catholic Church, 16, 29 31, 40 1, 48 56, 58, 157 political form of, xvii, 16, 40, 48 9, 53 6, 134 S saying, 21, 96, 120, 194 5, 232 Schwab, George, xv, xvii, 120 science, 33 4, 36, 41, 57 secular, xii, 35, 38, 82 secularization, 5, 7, 36, 63 self, 11, 69, 76, 84 5, 87 8, 140, 149, 152 5, 166, 173 4, 176, 187, 196 8, 207 hood, 85, 88, 154 knowledge, 84 5 signification, 181, 183, 194 5, 222, 224, 251 Slomp, Gabriella, 19, 60, 94, 103, 106 7, 261 social relations, 46, 70 1, 82, 91, 112, 156, 161, 166, 175 6, 197 98, 206 7, 210, 213 14, 222 3, 229 society, xiv, 18, 20, 35 6, 70, 72, 112 16, 119 27, 168, 202 3, 214, 236, 239 40, 252 53, 260 61 sociology, 38 9 of concepts, 41 2 sovereign, 17, 27 8, 31, 43, 69 70, 72, 84 8, 99, 112 13, 116, 118, 125, 127 31, 177, 184 5 decision, 12, 19, 31, 83, 88, 110, 112, 115 16, 124 5, 127 8, 131, 140, 154, 187, 237 8 dictatorship, 122, 126 power, 130 1, 255 sovereignty, 7, 9, 11 12, 16 19, 25, 27, 37 8, 41, 43 5, 111 13, 115 19, 123 9, 187 8, 235, 247 8 notion of, 20, 22, 42, 111, 113, 187 political, xii, 116, 128, 233 spiritual life, 60, 66 8, 77 8, 81, 93, 187 values, 76 7, 80, 88, 97 8, 110, 174 state, 26, 42 4, 99 102, 110, 112 14, 116 17, 119, 130, 205, 212 21, 216, 224 5, 225, 227 8, 230 6, 230 32, 234, 238 9, 241 2, 242, 245 50, 248 subject, xvii, 7, 12, 21, 25, 58, 74, 110, 117, 185, 187 8, 196 8, 200, 202, 223 ethical, 154, 179, 223 4 political, 83, 88, 199 substitution, 88, 152 53, 176, 197, 199 200, 207 T technology, 63, 66 7, 159 territory, 102 3, 106 theological

270 Index concepts, 35, 42, 129, 163 principles, 45, 62, 163 secularized concepts, 33 5 theology, 1 3, 5 7, 13 16, 25, 27 9, 31 43, 47 9, 61 3, 65 8, 127 8, 131 4, 136 7, 164 5, 180 81, 228 30 Christian, 149, 157 political, xiii xiv, 7 10, 12 17, 23 9, 31 8, 40 1, 45 9, 56 9, 136 7, 139 40, 205, 227 31, 239 41, 251 3, 257 60 totality, 20, 145, 149, 157, 159 60, 163 5, 173, 178, 181, 183 4, 189, 192 4, 196, 215, 230 1 and infinity, 141, 145, 162, 171, 183, 188, 191 3, 196, 209 tradition, 3, 20 1, 147, 153, 155, 157, 161, 163, 188 transcendence, xv, 44 7, 52, 141, 161 4, 181 2, 187, 196, 229, 241, 256, 260 infinite, 164 66, 188, 241 transcendent, 22 3, 46 7, 122, 133, 137, 171, 192 3 source, 29, 55, 57, 205, 250 world, 47 8 truth, 2 3, 12, 14 15, 28 9, 32 3, 46, 48, 55 9, 70, 84 5, 149 50, 160, 240 2, 244, 251 2 U universality, 50 1, 54, 66, 105, 144, 150, 196, 232, 246 7, 249 V values, 14 15, 17 18, 28 31, 57, 75 8, 83 6, 114 15, 118 25, 127 8, 168, 199 200, 210, 213, 232 4, 250 2 fundamental, 17, 54, 72, 77, 79, 110, 113, 115, 118 19, 122, 124, 126, 128, 232 3, 252 3 shared, 210 11 of society, 122 3, 203 violence least amount, 92, 217 18, 220 and metaphysics, 21, 188, 257 ontological, 92, 152, 217 20, 244 5 physical, 20, 92, 149, 152 3, 179, 217 20 political, 20 1, 92, 97, 141, 144, 158, 160, 166, 175, 177, 180, 204, 213, 216, 218 threat of, 94, 175 Vries, Hent de, 5, 7, 257 W war, 16, 18 19, 25, 60, 66 7, 93 102, 104 7, 109, 135, 141 3, 145 9, 193 abolition of, 95 6, 105 absolute, 19, 94 5 intensification of, 105, 107 possibility of, 18, 95 6 religious, 65 6, 98 100 world, 7 8, 42 4, 46 7, 75, 77, 93, 95 7, 110, 148, 150 2, 154, 206, 208 9, 244 6, 248