For purpose of ease of learning and clarity, the chapters in this Textbook are being grouped as follows: Group One included in this file 1. What, Where, How and When? 2. On the trail of the earliest People 5. What Books and Burials Tell Us? 12. Building, Painting and Books Group Two in pdf 2 3. From Gathering to Food Growing 4. In the Earliest Cities 9. Vital Villages, Thriving Towns 10 Traders, Kings and Pilgrims Group Three in pdf 3 6. Kingdoms, Kings and an Early Republic 7. New Questions and Ideas 8. Ashoka, the Emperor who gave up war 11. New Empires and Kingdoms Chapter 1. What, Where, How and When? 1. Match the following: 1.1 Narmada Valley Hunting and gathering 1.2 Magadha The first big kingdom 1.3 Garo hills Early agriculture 1.4 Indus and its tributaries Cities about 2500 years ago 1.5 Ganga Valley The first cities 10x10learning.com Page 1
2. List one major difference between manuscripts and inscription Answer One major difference between a manuscript and an inscription is that manuscript was written on barks or large leaves, or on paper. The inscriptions were carved out on stone slabs, or pillars, or on thin metal plates of bronze, copper or iron. Chapter 2 On the Trail of the Earliest People 1. Complete the sentences: (a) Hunter gatherers chose to live in caves and rock shelter because the caves provided them safety from wild animals. They could lit a fire near the entrance of the cave to keep warm in winters. (b) Grasslands developed around 12,000 years ago. (c) Early people painted on the walls of the caves. (d) In Hunsgi, tools were made of limestone. 2. Look at the present-day political map of the subcontinent on page 136. Find out the states where Bhimbetka, Hunsgi and Kurnool are located. Would Tushar s train have passed near any of these sites? Ans. Yes, Tushar s train from Delhi to Chennai, would have passed near Bhimbiketa, in Madhya Pradesh, Hunsi in Karnataka, and Kurnool, in Andhra Pradesh. For self practice and self test, fill in the correct names of places marked on the Map on next page 10x10learning.com Page 2
Chapter 5 What Books and Burials Tell Us? 1. Match the columns Correct matching is given here Sukta Well said Chariots used in battles Yajna sacrifice Dasa slave Megalith Stone boulder 10x10learning.com Page 3
2. Complete the sentences: ( Answer given in colour) 2.1 Slaves were used for various work of preparing the megalith 2.2 Megaliths are found in Deccan, Kashmir, North East, and South India. 2.3 Stone circles or boulders on the surface were used to identify the burial place. 2.4 Port holes were used for placing the dead body inside the grave. 2.5 People at Inamgaon ate many kinds of grains, raspberries and meat. Q.3. In what ways are the books we read today different from the Rigveda? Answer Today, one manuscript of a book is written and then many copies are printed. These books are for reading. Rigveda was not written for many centuries but was heard and learnt, and carried forward from generation to generation. It was not read, but heard. Q. 4. What kind of evidence from burials do archaeologists use to find out whether there were social differences amongst those who were buried? Answer The archaeologists see what kind of objects have been found in the burial place and in how big a house is it located. If they find the burial place in a five room house, with remains of a larger animal such as a horse, gold coins or ornaments, pots of grains etc they know it was someone rich and powerful. If the skeleton is in a two or three room house with remains of smaller animals, it indicates a less important person. The graves of the poor are found in smallest houses and with nothing else buried with them. Q. 5. In what ways do you think that the life of a raja was different from that of a dasa or dasi? Answer The king does not have to do any manual labour himself. All the work of his house and in his fields is done by slaves. A slave has to work without any pay, in the house or fields of his master. His life is controlled by the king or his master. 10x10learning.com Page 4
Chapter 12 Building, Painting and Books 1. Match the following ( Correct matching is given here) 1.1 Stupa Mound 1.2 Shikhara Tower 1.3 Mandapa Place in temples where people could assemble 1.4 Garbhagriha Place where the image of the deity is installed 1.5 Pradakshina patha Circular path around the stupa 2. Fill in the blanks: (a) Aryabhatt was a great astronomer. (b) Stories about gods and goddesses are found in the Purana. (c) Valmiki is recognised as the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana. (d) Silappadikaram and Manimekalai are two Tamil epics 10x10learning.com Page 5