SY 2018/2019 1 st Final Term Revision Student s Name: Grade: 9A Subject: Social Studies Teacher Signature
History of China Sui dynasty 581 618 Tang dynasty 618 907 (Second Zhou dynasty 690 705) Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 907 960 Liao dynasty 907 1125 The Shang dynasty (Chinese: 商朝 ; pinyin: Shāng cháo) or Yin dynasty ( 殷代 ; Yīn dài), according to traditional historiography, ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, succeeding the Xia dynasty and followed by the Zhou dynasty. The Zhou dynasty or the Zhou Kingdom (Chinese: 周朝 ; pinyin: Zhōu cháo [ʈʂóu ʈʂʰǎu]) was a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang dynasty and preceded theqin dynasty. The Zhou dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history. Tang Dynasty The Golden Age. Both poetry and painting reached their creative peaks in China during the Tang dynasty. Herder's Horse was painted by Han Gan, one of the most famous artists in Chinese history. China s First Dynasties: 1. In which region did China s earliest civilizations develop? A. Gobi Desert B. Tibetan Plateau C. Himalaya Mountains D. Yellow River Valley 2. Physical geography and history combined to give the early Chinese A. A deeply religious attitude B. An ethnocentric view C. A desire for modernization D. Motivation to establish trade to gain knowledge
3. The Yellow River is also known as the A. Chang B. Xi C. Huang he D. Amur 4. A Chinese emperor ruled through the Mandate of Heaven. This meant he was A. Chosen by the gods to rule B. Descended from the gods C. A god himself D. Able to communicate directly with the gods 5. Which civilization first developed a civil service system, invented gunpowder, and manufactured porcelain? A. Aztec B. Chinese C. Japanese D. Roman 6. The Silk Road was important to China because it provided A. A military route for defenses of the northern border B. A means of administering civil service examinations C. Contact with other cultures through trade D. A means for the country to expand its borders 7. According to the teachings of Confucius, the key to the successful organization of society is that A. The ruler should be chosen democratically B. The evil in humans must be eliminated C. Ancestor worship should be discontinued D. Individuals should know and do what is expected of them
8. This river is a major river in China that floods unpredictably. A. Xi Jiang B. Qin Ling C. Huang He D. Yangzi 9. China was isolated because of A. Dynastic cycle B. The desire for cultural evolution C. The Mandate of Heaven D. Natural barriers 10. The earliest Chinese civilizations developed A. In the mountains B. Along the coast of the Yellow Sea C. In the eastern river valleys D. On the large islands off the east coast 11. Government under the Shang dynasty is best described as A. A military dictatorship B. A group of independent, self-governing city-states C. A tribal society with a chief and a council of elders D. A feudal system in which the lords were loyal to the emperor 12. China s physical geography influenced the growth of its civilization by A. Creating trade routes with Sumer B. Creating trade routes with Egypt C. Allowing contact with other empires D. Creating barriers to the outside world 13. The ancient civilizations of China, Mesopotamia, and Egypt all developed A. Because rivers deposited rich soil suitable for farming B. Because they were all surrounded by mountains C. As a result of serious drought D. Because of vast deserts that attracted settlers
14. During the centuries of dynastic rule, the Chinese rejected other cultures as inferior to their own. This situation illustrates the concept of A. Ethnocentrism B. Imperialism C. Social mobility D. Cultural diffusion 15. Because of the government examinations based on Confucius teachings, government jobs A. Were held by anyone who wanted one B. Could be held by poor young men C. Were not highly prized D. Were held only by the sons of important people 16. Confucius believed that people in authority should A. Treat others harshly B. Set a good example by behaving well C. Train members of the civil service 17. In China, the development of ethnocentrism was most influenced by A. It s historic reliance on foreign nations B. A long history of democratic government C. A strong belief in Christianity D. Its geographic isolation 18. What was the purpose of the Yin and Yang? A. To bring people together B. To note that life brings the good and the bad C. It was a form of government D. It was a symbol of the gods 19. The religion of ancient China was based on A. Ancestor worship B. Polytheistic and ancestor aid C. Monotheistic and ancestor aid D. Polytheistic
20. The religion of ancient China was based on E. Ancestor worship F. Polytheistic and ancestor aid G. Monotheistic and ancestor aid H. Polytheistic Early Greece: Write the letter of the correct answer in the blank 1. What form of government is ruled by the land-owning elites? a) Monarchy b) Oligarchy c) Aristocracy d) Democracy 2. The geography of ancient Greece has: a) Flat grassy lands b) Giant caves c) Swamps and marshes d) Mountains and valleys 3. In Plato s ideal society, what role did women play? a) Women must follow men at all times. b) They were used for childbirth and cleaning only. c) Trained their bodies in order to have strong kids. d) All of the above.
4. What was Athens a limited democracy? a) Because everyone voted. b) Because it didn t allow women, slaves and foreigners to vote. c) Because only the merchant class could vote. d) Because it was for a limited time only. 5. Oligarchy was a form of government that was made of: a) Kings, queens and their descendants b) Traders, merchants and landowners c) Soldiers, nobles and landowners d) Women, children and slaves 6. What war ended Athenian power in ancient Greece? a) Persian War b) Peloponnesian War c) Trojan War d) Olympic War 7. The three Athenian rulers who moved the city-state toward a more democratic government through reforms were: a) Solon, Peisistratus and Kliesthenes b) Socrates, Plato and Aristotle c) The king, the nobles and merchants d) The Thirty Tyrants
8. According to Plato, Guardians must have what kind of spirit in order to rule? a) aggressive b) philosophical c) reasonable d) pure 9. Which organization did the ancient Greeks form in order to protect themselves against foreign invasions after the Persian War? a) The Peloponnesian League b) The Republic c) Sparta d) The Delian League 10. Who was Plato s teacher? a) Thucydides b) Socrates c) Thrasymachus d) Aristotle 11. What kind of government did the Greeks NOT have? a) Monarchy b) Oligarchy c) Timocracy d) Democracy
12. What did the ancient Greeks value? a) Beauty b) Respect for their gods c) Wealth d) All of the above 13. What sea was closest to ancient Greece? a) Caspian Sea b) Black Sea c) Mediterranean Sea d) Sargasso Sea 14. In what century did Athens become a political and cultural center in ancient Greece? a) 5 th century b) 6 th century c) 7 th century d) 4 th century 15. According to Plato, the three parts of the Soul are a) id, ego, superego b) wisdom, logic, compassion c) passion, intellect, good looks d) natural desire, will, reason
16. What was the earliest form of government in Greece? a. Monarchy, where people voted for their leaders b. Monarchy, where kings inherited power c. Oligarchy, where one person took control of the land d. Tyranny, where one person took control of the land 17. Why did the type of government change from oligarchy to tyranny? a. The poor were not treated fairly and most tyrants promised to improve their lives. b. Oligarchs willingly gave up their power to any military leader who requested it. c. Slaves revolted and oligarchs had no choice. d. Monarchs and democrats could not make decisions. 18. Monarchy differs from tyranny because a. In a monarchy there are many people in charge, while in a tyranny, there one person in charge. b. In a monarchy the ruler inherits the power and is advised by aristocrats, while in a tyranny the ruler forcefully seizes power. c. In a monarchy the ruler makes decisions by himself, while in a tyranny the ruler asks the people for permission. d. In a monarchy the people have more power than in a tyranny.
19. What is a citizen? Why is citizenship important? a. a slave owner; slavery was important for the economy b. a member of the oligarchy who makes decisions; oligarchs were important lawmakers c. a person who is born in Greece; they were important because everyone could vote d. a member of the democracy who has rights and responsibilities; they were important because they shared the power 20. Why did the type of government change from oligarchy to? a. tyranny? Because the oligarchs were treating the peasants, farmers, and poor unfairly. b. democracy? Because the people all wanted a say in government. c. tyranny? Because people needed only one leader. d. monarchy? Because people needed only one leader. BUDDHISM: TRUE OR FALSE: 1. Buddhism was founded by Sakyamuni Buddha about 2600 year ago and he was not a god but simply a human being and so we call that Humanistic Buddhism 2. The Ch'an master, Sixth Patriarch Huineng, stated that Dharma can only be found in the world, and enlightened in this world which cannot be attained away from it. This urges Buddhists to unit as one and reinstate Buddha s Original intents. 3. The most arduous tasks required of traditional Buddhism is to clarify false understandings and reinstate the true goal of Buddhism by tracing it back to the Buddha s humanistic character
4. Due to political persecutions, and as a result that Buddhists were driven from cities into mountain forests, the focus shifted to mere metaphysical discussions and inappropriate means of teaching Buddhism that hold a passive attitude in encouraging seclusion from the world rather than actively helping people. 5. The core concepts of Humanistic Buddhism are found within Dependent Origination, the Middle path and its mission found in guiding modern day people in finding peace and stability. 6. Suffering is our teacher, our strength, our factor of success, which makes us admirable. It is like gold, which must be subjected to extreme temperature to become refined and pure. 7. One becomes the best of the best by enduring the worst of the worst. Eminent Buddhist masters of the past all endured the greatest hardships in order to achieve spiritual attainment. 8. Once the cycle of old age, sickness and death is complete, although the physical body dies, our True Essence as Buddha Nature lives on as the eternal life. 9. After understanding the Four Noble Truths, we should proceed to make the Four Universal Vows and work to cultivate and fulfill them. 10. Impermanence means that changes and improvements are possible. 11. For most religions, life continues in a cycle without end from previous lifetimes to succeeding lifetimes. 12. Buddhists must understand that life is filled with half and half means that they must use the duality of the mind remedy a particular suffering. (P. 95, Humanistic Buddhism: Holding True to the Original Intent of Buddha) 13. Emptiness of the four elements means that everything in the world is composed of the four elements: earth, water, wind and fire. 14. Impermanence and dependent origination are basically the same but related Teachings.
15. An Ultimate Truth is defined by the following four characteristics: they must be universal, they or inevitable, they must be true in the past, and they must be true in future. 16. Buddhism originated in China. 17. The Four Reliance are to: rely on the Dharma, not on people; rely on the wisdom, not on the knowledge; rely on the meaning, not on the words; rely on the definitive meaning, not on the provisional one. 18. Nirvana means cessation: cessation of suffering and attachment; cessation of delusion; cessation of duality; cessation in a belief of a separate self; cessation of belief in a permanent absolute anything anywhere; and the cessation or end of the cycle of birth and death of that self. 19. The Truth of Impermanence: means that all things, forms, actions or phenomena change over time; nothing stays the same. All phenomena are constantly interacting with each other, are constantly influencing and constantly causing each other to change. 20. Having no-self nature means nothing can exist independently, all phenomena, including formed or formless things, all events, mental acts, and laws cannot exist independently or alone. 21. The absence of a substantial self is a unique teaching that differentiates Buddhism from the other religious or philosophical doctrines. 22. For Buddhists, death does not mean the end of all. 23. The First Dharma Seal can be considered as a very pessimistic teaching, leading one to depression. 24. Nirvana is a state of tranquility due to the elimination of greed, anger, ignorance, arrogance and doubt. 25. There is no hope or future beyond death.
Confucius Without feelings of respect, what is there to distinguish man from beast? If I am walking with two other men, each of them will serve as my teacher. I will pick out the good points of the one and imitate them. I will pick out the bad points of the other and correct them in myself. When you see a man of worth, think of how you may imitate him. When you see a man who is unworthy, examine yourself. Wisdom, compassion and courage are the three universally recognized moral qualities of men. Confucius was born and lived during the Zhou Dynasty -he lived during the Warring States Period at the end of the Zhou Dynasty -there was constant warfare -rulers were weak and ineffective -China was chaotic -Confucian philosophy includes his ideas about bringing peace and stability back to China The Basic Ideas of Confucianism: *Confucius believed that the key to having a stable and peaceful society is through respectful relationships *According to Confucius there are Five Relationships in society 1. parent and child 2. older sibling and younger sibling 3. husband and wife 4. ruler and subject 5. friend and friend -except for friendship, no relationship is considered equal one person is always superior *within each relationship there are rules of behavior that must be followed Answer: Role of Parent: Role of Child:
Role of Older Sibling: Role of Younger Sibling: Role of Husband: Role of Wife: Role of Ruler: Role of Subject: Role of Friends:
First Dynasty Cycle: New Dynasty -Emperors restore peace to the land - Taxes are lowered -Laws are passed to benefit the people - The people are treated well - Government is fair - Government builds structures to benefit the people (roads, protective walls, irrigation canals) Old Dynasty -Emperors neglect their jobs and become lazy -Government officials become corrupt -Taxes are raised, angering the people -The people claim they are treated poorly by the government - Buildings, irrigations canals, defensive walls and roads are neglected by the government A New Dynasty claims they have the Mandate of Heaven and they replace the Old Dynasty The Old Dynasty loses the Mandate of Heaven the gods no longer support the dynasty Problems -People revolt against the government -Wars begin and invaders try to enter -Natural disasters that occur are blamed on the failing dynasty *Problems are evidence that the Mandate of Heaven has been lost
Write in complete sentences. Explain clearly and fully so that I know that you know what you re talking about. According to Plato, what is the ideal form and where is it located? What point was Plato trying to make in his Allegory of the Cave? Why must we have one job in Plato s ideal society? THE ANCIENT GREEK GODS AND GODDESSES: Zeus. God of the Sky (Zoos)... Hera. Goddess of Marriage, Mothers and Families (Hair'-ah)... Poseidon. God of the Sea (Po-sigh'-dun)... Demeter. Goddess of Agriculture (Duh-mee'-ter)... Ares. God of War (Air'-eez)... Athena._ Apollo. _. Artemis_
The Basic Hindu Beliefs : Write the Main Idea: Early Greece: First Dynasties: Classical Age: What have historians learned by studying Minoan art? What roles did the acropolis and the agora play in typical Greek polis? What were the gods of Greek mythology like? What were the most significant elements of ancient Athenian democracy?
Who ordered the first Persian invasion of Greece? Who was Pericles, and what did he do for the city of Athens? What was the early life of the Buddha like? What is the Middle Way? How do Buddhists believe it will help them attain nirvana? What is dynastic cycle? What role does balance play in Daoist teachings?