Resech on Geen Coutyd Desn Model by BIM Technoloy bsed on LEED Cetfcton Nn Nn, Jnyu Wn 2* Xuzhou Unvesty of Technoloy, Xuzhou 226, Chn 2* Shjzhun Unvesty of Appled Techonoloy, Shjzhun 05008, Chn Abstct As moden chtectue pys moe ttenton to ecolocl ndctos, the desn of een coutyd hs to meet the LEED stndd n ll dectons. LEED cetfcton stndd s the bsc condton fo stct contol of een coutyd constucton. Afte quntfyn ts ndex, the desn needs to be extended to BIM so s to meet the development nd desn equements. Howeve, n such desn pocess, whethe ts theoetcl model cn suppot desn cte n dffeent stes emns queston tht needs futhe esech nd dscusson. Theefoe, bsed on the LEED cetfcton ndex, ths study desns the quntfcton stndd of functonl ndex of een coutyd. The model of mth mtx nd evluton ndex s used to vefy the BIM desn scheme so s to evlute whethe the een coutyd desn model bsed on BIM technoloy meets the een buldn stndds. Ths study ms to povde theoetcl suppot fo een coutyd desn nd to expnd the pplcton of LEED cetfcton stndd n constucton n Chn. Keywods: LEED Cetfcton, BIM Technoloy, Geen Coutyd, Desn Model.. RESEARCH BACKGROUND. Ltetue evew Geen coutyd desn s theoetcl pdm fo eco-optmzton mn t constucton bsed on the fve foundtonl pncples of the LEED cetfcton stndd: sustnble ste plnnn, consevton of wte esouces, effcent eney use nd tmosphec envonment, mtels nd esouces use nd ndoo envonmentl qulty (Zho et l., 203). The stndd s necessy condton fo the quntttve cte of BIM technoloy (L et l., 206). Althouh BIM technoloy hs vsul thee-dmensonl mppn functon, the flue of the LEED cetfcton stndd s suppotn condton wll led to the devton fom the een ecolocl ndctos (Co nd Fen, 206). Theefoe, esech on the desn model unde the LEED cetfcton stndd s necessy fo mpovn the pplcblty of BIM technoloy..2 Resech pupose The een buldn ecolocl ndctos of een coutyd s elted to lvn comfot s well s the potecton of the ntul envonment. Althouh the BIM buldn nfomton model cn povde concete mplementton plns nd thee-dmensonl models fo desn, such desn my devte fom the desn equements of een coutyds n the bsence of ecolocl envonment ndctos (We et l., 206). Theefoe, bsed on the LEED cetfcton stndd, ths study hs desned the elevnt constucton ndctos of BIM technoloy (Pn et l., 206). Unde such constnt ndctos, the compehensve mesuement of the connecton effect between the ndvdul desn stndds nd the ovell constucton scheme cn lso hhlht the tonlty of een coutyd desn nd cheve the desn equements of LEED cetfcton stndd. 2. RESEARCH ON GREEN COURTYARD DESIGN REQUIREMENT BASED ON LEED CERTIFICATION STANDARD 2. Defne the desn pncples of LEED cetfcton system 450
Fst of ll, sustnble ste plnnn efes to the plnnn popoton nd llocton of lnd n the ely nd lte stes of constucton. If the ntl constucton ffects the lte development, then such desn hs constnts on the ovell poject plnnn. Theefoe, sustnble ste plnnn s lso the key to een coutyd desn. Secondly, the potecton nd consevton of wte esouces e the unfed quntttve ndctos of een buldns. In the desn of een coutyds, esouce potecton s not lmted to the ntl ste of constucton but lso extend to the utlzton te nd especlly nhbted peod (Yn et l., 205). If n lte use, occupnts need to e-use the onl esouces, then the desn of een coutyds wll be wekened snce t s unble to meet the specfc needs of wte consevton. Theefoe, n the desn of een coutyds, t s most mpotnt to evlute the esouces of lon-tem use. Thd, effcent eney use nd the tmosphec envonment men no excessve eney consumpton dun the ntl nd lte phses of constucton. If, n ode to cheve the wmth, mostue o ensue cculton, the excessve use of electcty nd het wll weken the een desn esults n ed to eney condtons. And the desn cnnot meet the el needs of een buldn. Theefoe, the effcent use of eney wthout cbon monoxde n the ecolocl envonment s the coe constucton udelne of the LEED cetfcton system nd lso elstc poblem tht must be compehensvely mesued n een coutyd desn (Wu et l., 205). Fnlly, mtels nd esouces e the constnts to buldn mtels n the pocess of buldn een coutyds. When the constucton cte e too hh, the mtels used wll lso cuse n ncese n constucton costs. The excessve cost s nothe wste of esouces unde the demnd of een stndd. So the evluton of constucton stndds nd constucton fund utlzton te s lso elted to the choce of constucton mtels nd constucton esouces s well s the e-utlzton te. In ddton, the ssessment of ndoo envonmentl qulty s the bss fo LEED cetfcton nd lso key to the helthy lvn envonment of een coutyds. On ths bss, een coutyd constucton needs to consde lvn envonment comfot s the development decton to meet mny functonl nd helth needs of nhbtnts. Theefoe, the desn nd development of the een coutyd should cete lvn comfot, whch s the key to ensue the full mplementton of LEED cetfcton stndds. 2.2 BIM technoloy extenson decton nd suppot udelnes BIM buldn nfomton model s not pue dtl nfomton nteton but pctcl pplcton of dtl nfomton. So povdn BIM wth LEED cetfcton stndds mens to quntfy the ndctos of een coutyd desn nd tke specfc dt s development stndd. Dtl econton of BIM hs been cheved on the spects of desn, constucton, nd mnement wth LEED cetfcton stndds s the desn cte fo een coutyds (Zhn nd Jn, 205). The techncl dvnte of BIM les n ts vsulzton of the desn, constucton, nd mnement pocesses n thee-dmensonl dtl nfomton model. Wth such key techncl suppot, desnes cn povde moe ntutve een coutyd desn model so s to enhnce the vsulzton of non-pofessonls nvolved n the ntl constucton. Wth the ncopoton of LEED-elted ndctos nto BIM s dtbse, the stndd consstn of desn equements nd cetfcton metcs nd nteted mnement envonment tht suppots buldn enneen, constucton effcency cn be mpoved whle sks cn be educed thouhout the constuctonl enneen pocess. Fst of ll, the ste ndctos of een coutyd desn should be nlyzed thouh collectn the envonmentl nfomton such s lndfom, veetton nd clmtc condtons, smultn the sptl dt of een coutyd by BIM nd GIS softwe nd constuctn the 3D model. Appopte djustments should be mde to the ste so s to cheve the een yd LEED cetfcton ndctos thouh the smulton nlyss of lndscpe plnnn, envonmentl sttus, constucton suppot, nd the tffc flow fte completon so s to optmze the llocton of constucton lyout. Second, stnddzton nd dt nlyss condtons fo functonl spce need to be set bsed on custome needs (Gu nd Sho, 205). Sptl nlyss smulton s used to deve the optmzton scheme of complex spce whch s constuctve to moe fesble desn cte n ts desn model. Moeove, custome needs should be tken s evluton condtons to ensue tht the desn nfomton nd custome needs hve el-tme mtchn nd tht LEED cetfcton ndctos nd constucton she the sme decton. Thd, thee s need to contnuously demonstte the fesblty of desn soluton snce snle desn soluton cnnot meet multple functonl needs of envonmentl desn. The desn stndds of textue colo, eonomcs, sound nd lht, lyout nd so on e lso nfluentl to the mplementton of LEED cetfcton stndd. At the sme tme, the effect of lte use should be focus so s to ensue tht the best opton wll not tke up too much tme (Wu et l., 202). Fnlly, BIM technoloy constucts vsul 3D model. Its sense of elty nd desn to e dect expessons of the desn equements. LEED cetfcton ndctos wll be eflected n the fnl BIM mp whch s lso n ntutve mesue of whethe the desn stndds meet the quntttve stndds. In the pocess, the pncple of desn should be collbotve nd epetedly confmed ccodn to the LEED cetfcton nfomton so s to fnlly meet the fnl constucton tet of the een coutyd. The BIM technoloy n ths pocess s functon-oented bsed on dffeent pofessonl suppot whch enhnces 45
collboton n dffeent sectons of collbotve desn nd objectvely eflects the desn stndds nd desn equements. 3. EVALUATION LEVEL ANALYSIS PROCESS OF LEED CERTIFICATION STANDARDS FOR GREEN COURTYARDS The BIM technoloy used n the desn of the een coutyds should be bsed on LEED cetfcton stndds. Then the fesblty ndex of buldn desn pdm needs to be compehensvely mesued n the desn of een coutyds whle the pplcton cteoy nd fesblty stndd of the desn model cn be clely defned by evlutn the eltonshp between constucton cost nd LEED ndex by buldn effect (L nd B, 204). On ths bss, the equpment of een coutyds should lso tke the consstency between the lon-tem constucton ols nd the ecent costs nto consdeton so s to evlute the pplcblty of desn stndds n multdmensonl nd mult-lye mechnsm. To ths end, ths study hs desned mthemtcl model of een yd evluton bsed on LEED cetfcton system. Its hechcl stckn cn effectvely dstnush the fesblty of dffeent constucton ols so s to povde ccute evluton ndex fo LEED cetfcton system nd detemne the desn effectveness of een coutyds. The hechcl nlyss pocess s shown n Fue. Fue. The Hechcl Anlyss Pocess of LEED Cetfcton System's Geen Yd Evluton 4. GREEN COURTYARD DESIGN MODEL BY BIM TECHNOLOGY BASED ON LEED CERTIFICATION 4. Estblsh evluton ndex Evluton ndctos of LEED cetfcton system e espectvely epesented by, 2,, m. Then n desns of the een coutyd by BIM techncl suppot s, 2,, n. V epesents the best desn evluton ndctos whle W epesents the weht popoton of the th ndcto (Tn et l., 204). Then the eltve mpotnce of ech evluton ndex s shown n the mth mtx whch cn fully vefy whethe the LEED evluton stndd s fully stsfed unde the suppot of BIM technoloy thouh the expesson of dvntes nd dsdvntes of 452
vous evluton ndexes. The pos nd cons e the bss to set the efeence vbles of LEED cetfcton ndctos n the desn of een coutyd s well s constnts to BIM techncl ndctos. Fue 2 shows the eltonshp between the ntnsc lnk of evluton ndex nd the fesblty of BMI schemes. 4.2 Estblsh mth mtx Fue 2. Compson of Evluton Indexes nd Compson of BIM Schemes Afte the evluton of the coespondn vlues of elted ndctos nd plns, the popotonl elton of the m th snle ndex cn be obtned: A[ n] n 2 2 22 n2 m 2m nm () Afte evlutn the A[ n] ndex nd fesblty of BIM schemes, the weht popotons set up the evluton mtx of snle ndex lsted s follows: 2 G[ n] n 2 22 n2 m 2m nm (2) 3.3 Scheme evluton condtons The coodnton between LEED cetfcton ndex nd BIM desn schemes should be confmed n two mth mtces so s to clfy the optmzton decton of the een coutyd desn model. The weht popoton of n o n n the mtx cn be used to popose specfc to vlue n the n th mtx. If the specfc to vlues e lmost dentcl o dentcl, the een coutyd cn be consdeed to be moe fesble (Yn nd Yn, 203). Tht s, both the mtx types stsfy two condtons: Condton : n k jk Condton 2: n k jk 453
When the bove two condtons e stsfed, the een coutyd desn cn meet the needs of numbe of ndctos such s envonment, mtels, esouces, eney nd lvn n the plnnn ste, desn ste, constucton ste nd utlzton ste. Ths s lso the fnl clm nd constucton stndd of the LEED cetfcton stndd. Fst of ll, n tems of envonmentl fctos, constucton hs no mpct on the suoundn envonment nd envonmentl dme hs not occued fo lon tme fte constucton. Secondly, dun the constucton of een coutyd, the utlzton te of mtels nd esouces s eltvely hh. So thee s no seous wste of mtels o thee s esonble llocton of constucton esouces due to the use of enewble o eusble buldn mtels. Thdly, the poject s fnshed wthn lmted tme fme wthout excessve eney consumpton n the constucton so tht both the constucton cost nd the humn nd mtel esouces hve been optmlly llocted (L nd Lu, 20). Fnlly, the expected een envonmentl ndex on lvn comfot cheved meets the quntttve stndd of multple LEED cetfcton ndctos. The lvn envonment obtns hhe stblty n ed to lhtn, hetn, ventlton, humdty nd tempetue so s to ech the best sutble lvn sttus. 4.4 Evluton ndex optmlty In the pocess of pplyn LEED cetfcton stndd, n ode to ech the best constucton stndd nd povde efeences fo BIM desn ndex of een coutyd, the evluton ndex should be close to the optml deee. Althouh the optmlty s unlkely to be cheved n the constucton pocess, t cn be used s the hhest quntttve stndd fo post-evluton. Then the weht popoton of ech ndex nd the optmlty of the desn scheme should meet the expected constucton stndds of mtx A nd mtx G t the sme tme: mn mx AW W; GV V (3) Unde ths cteon, ϑ mn nd ϑ mx e the evluton coeffcent n the mtx, whch cn be eded s the lest eenvlue of Mtx A nd Mtx G. Then ts mxmum vecto cn lso be ecoded s the best scheme vlue fo een coutyd constucton (L nd Xu, 200). In the compson of Mtx A nd Mtx G, when the esults of both mtces hve exctly the sme chctestcs, the lest eenvecto cn fnd blnce pont between the ndex weht nd desn schemes. The eltve vlue vecto of een coutyd desn ndex cn be expessed s the udnce of the supeoty nd nfeoty whle the stnddzton of the ndex vlue constns the constucton condtons. The clculton fomul s: W W2 Wm W [,, ] { W, W2, Wm} W W W (4) V V2 Vm V [,, ] {V, V 2, Vm} V V V When the plnnn s unde specfc quntttve stndd, the compblty of vlue vectos cn be detemned fom dffeent ndex ntevls so s to cheve best desn esults. 4.5 Check the consstency of mtx As the elevnt ndctos n the evluton mtx e set n the theoetcl cteoy, t s hhly fesble. In ode to vefy the desn effect of een coutyds, the consstency of ts desn stndds should be checked. When thee s seous devton between Mtx A nd Mtx G, the BIM desn stndd s not n ccodnce wth the LEED cetfcton equements, so the contst vlue nd the elted ndex pmetes need to be futhe djusted. The clculton model of ts compehensve ndex s: m ( j Vj w V ) (5) It s lso the best soluton when W shows n ndex vlue n the th ndex close to the V j n the j th scheme. Howeve, when V j exceeds ths ndex vlue, the desn of een coutyds devtes fom the LEED cetfcton stndd nd the multple ndctos n the lte constucton cnnot be cheved. Theefoe, n the use of such ssessment model, the een lfe cycle of coutyds should lso be tken nto consdeton. In ptcul, ech constucton ndex need to be evluted nd tken s evluton compson condton n the ltte pt of the substntve desn pdm so tht thee s compehensve evluton system coven constucton nd utlzton pocess. 454
5. CONCLUSIONS In summy, LEED cetfcton stndds must be compled wth n the desn of een coutyds nd quntfed to povde dt suppot tht cn be dentfble by BIM technoloy. Then, n the wy of buldn mth mtxes, ths quntttve ndex s comped wth the BIM desn scheme to vefy the fesblty nd esonblty of the desn scheme n the compehensve ndex model. Howeve, the elevnt ndctos povded by the study e only the desn cte of the LEED cetfcton stndds wthout consdeton of specfc custome needs. When usn ths model, desnes should lso ncopote custome needs n ode to povde supeo BIM desn. REFERENCES Co Y., Fen T. (206). LEED - uthentcton bsed on BIM model, the fesblty, Jounl of cvl enneen nd mnement, (02), 22-29. Gu J.P., Sho T.Y. (205). Hh een buldn n Shnh centl mnson, Constucton technoloy development, 42(02), 9-2. L T., Lu C.H. (20). Comptve study of stuctul system of LEED nd een buldn evluton cte, Jounl of chtectue, (03), 75-78. L T., Xu Y.D. (200). The fesblty study of BIM n the ndoo envonment pplcton of een buldn evluton system, Infomton technoloy of cvl constucton enneen, 2(03), 20-23. L X., B S.J. (204). Anlyss of the pplcton of een BIM n the whole lfe cycle of buldns n Chn, Cvl enneen nfomton technoloy, 4(02), 52-57. L Y.P., M X.F., Ln X., Den Y. (206). Bsed on Cloud- BIM's een constucton nfomtzton mnement esech, Constucton technoloy, 45(8), 48-53. Pn H.Z., Chen M.J., Mo W., He J. (206). Comptve nlyss of the evluton stndd of LEED een buldn n the Unted Sttes nd the evluton stndd of een buldns n Chn, Constucton economy, 37(0), 88-92. Tn H.F., Zhn H., Sun D.M., Tn M., Ln Y. (204). Sttus nd pospect of LEED cetfcton n Chnese constucton pojects, Constucton technoloy, 4(03), 34-38. We X.C., Hon W.X., Jn Z.Y. (206). Applcton of BIM technoloy n Geen constucton technoloy mnement of "Pt Geen", Entepse efom nd mnement, (02), 22. Wu W., L Y., Guo Y.J. (202). BIM nd sustnblty nteton couses, Achtectul ceton, (0), 58-7. Wu W., Zhu Q.T., Yo M.Y., Sun Y.N., She S. (205). Bsed on BIM technoloy, the whole lfe cycle poject mnement, Geen buldn, 7(06), 26-29+33. Yn M., Luo Y.F., Zhn W.R. (205). Resech on een eney consevton nlyss method bsed on BIM plnnn nd desn phse - tkn Chenchun buldn n Nnh dstct of Foshn s n exmple, Cvl enneen nfomton technoloy, 7(06), 2-26. Yn Y., Yn H. (203). The cuent stuton of een BIM pplcton n Amec nd ts mpct on Chn's constucton feld, Chn enneen scence, 3(08), 03-2. Zhn Y.N., Jn J.M. (205). Anlyss of BIM pplcton cses: how BIM cn educe buldn eney consumpton nd elze dtl fctoes, Cvl enneen nfomton technoloy, 7(03), 48-62. Zho Q., Tn Q., Lu Y.H., He X.H. (203). The pplcton of BIM technoloy n constucton mnement unde the new stndd of een buldn evluton, Jounl of X'n unvesty of technoloy, 33(02), 2-29. 455