World History Honors Semester 1 Review Guide This review guide is exactly that a review guide. This is neither the questions nor the answers to the exam. The final will have 75 content questions, 5 reading questions and 2 essays worth 10 points each. You should have a BASIC understanding of each chapter. The test will NOT be asking many specific questions. Most will be general questions about the chapter. For example, a question from chapter one is as follows: The development of Egyptian civilization was influenced most closely by a. invasions by other peoples b. the buildings of pyramids c. the Nile River d. monogamous marriage laws The following is a chapter overview and some basic objectives from the textbook companion website. Using this review and review past reading quizzes and test are the best way to study for the exam. Remember, you want to focus on an overall review of the chapter. Do NOT get bogged down with specific points. Chapter 1 5 Questions Chapter One explores the origins of civilization in the four major river valleys of the world from prehistory to the establishment and utilization of written records. From perhaps 600,000 to 10,000 B.C.E., people hunted, fished, and gathered plant material, but they did not produce food. The chapter examines the social relationships within prehistoric society and contrasts them with the changes dictated by the development of agriculture in the Neolithic revolution. By about 3,000 B.C.E., writing began to develop in the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys in Mesopotamia, and then in the Nile Valley. Somewhat later, urban life developed in the Indus Valley of India, the Yellow River basin in China, in the Andes Mountains, and in Mesoamerica. Many groups, however, continued to live nomadically. The constant tension between nomadic and settled lifestyles is an important historical theme. Review the course of human prehistory and the causes and consequences of the rise of civilizations Compare the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt Discuss the Indus Valley civilization of India Describe the development of the Shang and Chou civilizations of China Describe in general terms the rise of the early civilizations of the Americas
Chapter 3 (part of Ch 2) 8 Questions The chapter begins by stressing the importance of the ancient Greeks to the history of Western Civilization. Although Greek civilization was centered in the lands surrounding the Aegean Sea, the Greeks spread their culture throughout the Mediterranean area and even into the Black Sea region, coming into contact with the older civilizations of the Near East. This chapter also surveys the political and cultural history of the Greek poleis in the period of their greatest power, 479-338 B.C., and continues the story to the eve of the Roman conquest, about 150 B.C. Outline the rise of the polis and the early history of Sparta and Athens Discuss the causes, course, and consequences of the wars between the Greeks and the Persians Discuss the causes, course, and consequences of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta and the struggle for leadership in its wake Describe democracy and empire in Athens Discuss some of the highlights of culture and society in classical Greece Describe the conquests of Alexander and the emergence of the Hellenistic world Chapter 5 9 Questions After describing Italy before the rise of Rome, the society of royal Rome, and the early republic and its constitution, this chapter tells the story of Rome's expansion: the conquest of Italy, the wars with Carthage, the increasing involvement with the Greek world, and the eventual takeover of the Hellenistic east. The chapter outlines the decline of the republic amid political factions and civil war, and the Augustan settlement. Describe the major steps in the emergence of the Roman republic and the development of the republican constitution Discuss the development of Roman imperialism and the fall of the republic Outline the Augustan constitution and the organization and government of the Empire Describe some of the outstanding features of Roman society and culture in the republican and imperial eras Trace the early history of Christianity 1 st Eastern History Unit I 8 Questions
Chapter 14 4 Questions This chapter surveys the development of civilization in the Americas from prehistoric times to the arrival of European explorers in the fifteenth century C.E. The two most prominent centers of civilization in these regions were Mesoamerica, in what is today Mexico and Central America, and the Andean region of South America. At the time of the European conquest of the Americas in the sixteenth century, both regions were dominated by powerful empires the Aztecs, or Mexica, in Mesoamerica; the Inca in the Andes. The chapter concludes with an overview of social and political organization on the eve of the Spanish conquest. Describe some of the important characteristics of Mesoamerican civilization Discuss the distinguishing features of the the Maya Trace the course of Aztec history, and describe Aztec society in general terms Trace the rise of civilization in the Andes and the rise of the Inca Empire Chapter 12 9 Questions This chapter discusses the emergence of a distinctive European culture during the early middle ages. It starts with the Germanic and Islamic invasions, contrasts the west with the east (Byzantine civilization), and traces the further development of the church. It then describes the kingdom of the Franks (the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties), the breakup of the empire built by Charlemagne and finally the development of feudal society. Explain how the fusion of Germanic and Roman culture laid the foundation for a European society after the fall of the western Roman Empire Describe the impact of the Byzantine empire on western Europe Discuss the role of the church in western society during the Middle Ages Describe the political and economic features of Europe under the Franks Outline the characteristics of feudalism
Chapter 15 8 Questions This chapter recounts the rise of the German empire, the increasing power of the papacy which led to a crisis between Church and State and their separation and the early Crusades. It goes on to discuss social change during the High Middle Ages, including the growth of universities and towns. It describes political changes in England, France, the Holy Roman Empire, and the emergence of independent Russia. The chapter then discusses the political, social and economic chaos in Europe during the fourteenth century and the emergence of a new order during the fifteenth century. Topics include the Hundred Years' War, the Black Death, relations between Church and State, the development of England, Spain and France into centralized nation-states, as well as the history of Germany and Italy. This chapter also considers the tensions that tore the church apart and the reform efforts that temporarily restored the unity of the western church. Finally, this chapter considers the early Renaissance and the growth of humanism in Italy. Discuss early Church reform and the papal challenge to political domination by kings and emperors Trace the course of the Crusades and the growth of towns Describe some of the general features Medieval European society Explain the emergence of strong, national monarchies in England and France, and the political fragmentation of Germany Discuss the causes, course, and consequences of the Hundred Years War Describe the effects of the bubonic plague on the population and society of Europe Discuss some of the features of the politics, culture, and art of the Italian Renaissance Chapter 16 10 Questions This chapter discusses political, social and particularly religious developments in Europe during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The chapter focuses particularly on the Renaissance and the independent lay and clerical efforts to reform religious practice. It also delves into the ideas of Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin, Henry VIII and other religious and political reformers. It then assesses the effect of the Reformation on society, religion and education. Explain the social and religious background to the Reformation Trace the course of the Lutheran Reformation in Germany Identify Zwingli and Calvin Describe the English break with Rome Discuss the Catholic Counter-Reformation and the religious warfare and social and political strife engulfing Europe Trace the rise and decline of Spanish power Comment on the intellectual achievements of this period
Chapter 18 4 Questions This chapter traces European conquests and economic activities in Africa and the Americas from the fifteenth through the eighteenth centuries. It also analyzes the terrible consequences of these developments for the indigenous peoples of these regions. After considering some of the factors leading to Europe's expansion into the Atlantic, the textbook turns to an examination of the Spanish conquest of the Americas. This is followed by a close look at the different commercial enterprises of the Spanish. The means deployed by the Spanish to secure the labor of indigenous persons is key to this discussion. The text then considers the development of Portuguese Brazil, and the colonies of France and England. Turning again to the central question of the control of labor, the chapter examines the development of slavery and the plantation system of agriculture. The emergence and trajectory of the transatlantic slave trade is then described. The consequences of the Atlantic slave trade for Africa and the Americas are considered in some detail. The chapter concludes with a consideration of the development of the transatlantic economy for the course of world history. Describe the character and extent of the transatlantic trade Outline the Spanish conquest of the Americas Discuss the organization of labor and commerce in the Spanish Empire Trace the establishment of French and British colonies in the Americas Describe the development of the plantation system and the uses of African slave labor in the Americas Discuss the transatlantic slave trade, Africa's role in it, and the impact of the trade on Africa Chapter 20 6 questions This chapter examines the emergence of powerful states in England, France, Russia, Austria, and Prussia. It also briefly considers some of the consequences of the emergence of these states for the non-european world. The text first contrasts the establishment of a constitutional regime in England (culminating in the "Glorious Revolution") with the development of absolutist rule in France under Louis XIV. Then the discussion turns to the ascendancy of Peter I and his campaign to modernize Russia and make her an imperial power. The authors then examine the efforts of the Austrian Habsburgs to resist attempts by neighboring states to carve up their Central European empire. While the Habsburgs fought to hold the line, the Hohenzollern family established its control over Prussia. The chapter concludes with a discussion of conflicts between the imperial powers of Spain, Portugal, England, and France fought not on European soil, but in Asia and the Americas. How did England and France develop differently in the seventeenth century? How did Louis XIV consolidate his power? What did Peter the Great hope to achieve with his reforms in Russia? Why did Prussia become a rival to the Hapsburgs? What was the result of the colonial struggles of the mid eighteenth century? Eastern History Unit II 4 Questions
World History Honors Final Exam Essay Topics The following are various topics that the exam essays will be based on. Remember that this is an essay and must be written in essay form with organization. From the topics below, I will formulate three questions and you will have a choice on the test (please note that two questions can come from the same topic). The Growth of Civilizations (From Mesopotamia onward) The result of new ways of thinking (such as renaissance and reformation) Crises in medieval Europe (wars, plague, political disputes, etc) The growth of Rome into the world s most dominate empire