Bellwork Tuesday 1/19/16 Using page 503 before the stars, answer the question below in at least five sentences (a full paragraph): How might the 19 th -century study of philology, coming from the study of evolution, have produced a situation in which Hitler could justify to the German people what he did to the Jews in the 1930s and 40s?
Quiz Tuesday 1/19/16 1. The first galaxy of artistic genius in North America were called the New England 2. In which country did writers and philosophers come up with a substitute religion called Idealism? 3. What was the title of Hegel s most readable work? 4. Who died in 1830, the greatest literary and political critic the age, but unnoticed in Paris? (His name was in bold and italics on page 510)
Grading the Quiz 1. Transcendentalists 2. Germany 3. Philosophy of History 4. Hazlitt
The View from Paris Around 1830 Romanticism = Thought and feeling Great risks Enthusiasm Meditate on past and present Paris in 1830 Gathering place of artists and writers Mud and dirt roads, no Eiffel Tower Bad river with uneven banks Louvre 50% increase in population in 30 years Apartment dwellers February: Battle of Hernani July Revolution Overthrew Charles X, installed his cousin
Romantic Composer: Hector Berlioz Symphonie Fantastique Audiences begin to complain the new style of music is hard to listen to So programs written Long essays, narratives creating story Berlioz Style Take Beethoven where he left off, having created bigger music Unconventional harmonies
Romantic Society and Culture Political Turmoil Cholera The Dandy National music (related to the new fascination in historical study) Composers use folk tunes Waltz Upper classes used to dancing in groups, touching hands and bowing Semi-scandalous
Bellwork Wednesday 1/20/16 Using the quote in bold at the top of page 502, answer the question below in at least three sentences: How did the 19 th -century discovery of biological evolution influence the worldview of this character in Disraeli s novel?
Evolution July 19, 1830 Argument at Academy of Sciences over Lamarck s hypothesis of the transformation of species Biology became the favorite science of the era Evolution was easier to understand than magnetic north, etc. It also had the news value of contradicting Genesis Young Charles Darwin sailed in 1831, as naturalist on HMS Beagle Organicism People began studying everything as if it evolved (nations, etc.)
Ethnography Development in biology => development in everything! History of Languages Philology = love of words Deduce whole people groups from linguistic variances Indo-European
Tacitus (Roman historian) and Germania German philologists decided aryas (noble) was talking about tall, blond, blue-eyed people» Therefore, pure northern Europeans were the nobility of the earth Led to racism Phrenology = study of shapes of skulls and what they determine
Transcendentalism The East has always fascinated the West From Crusaders to Romantics New England Transcendentalists Europeans thought Americans were back-woods yokels Fed mostly by German ideas Fresh start, no Middle Ages to shake off
Ralph Waldo Emerson Trained for Unitarian ministry (very non-orthodox Christianity) Gave it up to study nature and Eastern thought Started gathering a following» Thoreau, Hawthorne, Orestes Brownson, etc. Preached his own ideas» Oversoul (like the German idea of heroes)» Imperial self Intense individualism, avoid all kinds of community
Henry David Thoreau Walden: the story of a couple years living alone in a cabin he built by himself» Individualism, Primitivism» But very inconsistent: used friends help, visited town, brought nails, clothes, seed, etc. with him Essay on Civil Disobedience» Encouragement to disobey government» Inconsistent but attractive to revolutionary youth
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau