Creation of Israel Essential Question: What are the key factors that led to the creation of the modern state of Israel? (AKS #49b)
Palestine Was Part Of Ottoman Empire
I. Fall of the Ottoman Empire A. The Ottoman Turks side with Germany in WWI. (1914-1918) B. They lose! EPIC FAIL!!! C. League of Nations gives European winners mandate over parts of SW Asia. MANDATE: power given to a country to govern or control a territory. D. They do not take into account ethnic or religious groups already living there. E. This causes CONFLICT seen even today!!! **What are the TWO roots of conflict in SW Asia that we still see today?**
II. BRITISH BROKEN PROMISES A. During WWI, Britain makes promises to both Jews and Arabs to control Palestine. B. Balfour Declaration: Issued by Britain in 1917. It stated that the: Jewish people had a right to a home in Palestine C. Many Jews move to Palestine after WWI in 1918. D. Arabs fought in the war with the British, felt betrayed.
II. BRITISH BROKEN PROMISES In 1916, Britain and France signed a secret agreement called the Sykes-Picot Agreement. They said that if the western powers defeated the Ottoman Empire in World War I, the two countries would divide the empire s land between them. According to this agreement, Britain would take control of Palestine. During this time, Zionist leaders asked the British government to allow for a Jewish state in Palestine. In 1917, the British government signed the Balfour Declaration, which said the British supported the establishment in Palestine of a National Home for the Jewish people. The British did not ask the Palestinian Arabs, who made up about 85 percent of the population, about the idea of a Jewish state. Palestinians were against the declaration, which they said did not honor their rights to the land. For Zionists, the declaration was a great victory, and more Jews immigrated into Palestine. World War I ended in 1918, and the Ottoman Empire lost. The British then officially took control of Palestine as a mandate, similar to a colony. Palestinian Arabs were furious that Britain had not allowed them to determine how Palestine would be governed, even though they made up the largest part of the population. As Jewish immigration continued, tension between Arabs and Jews increased. By 1929, 133 Jews and 116 Arabs had been killed in riots and attacks.
II. BRITISH BROKEN PROMISES E. What was the main idea of the reading passage? F. Palestinian Arabs were furious after the signing of the Balfour Declaration. WHY?
Unfair & Frustrated!!!
Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920 In 1920, there was 1 Jew to every 10 Arabs in Palestine. By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs for every Jew. The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their country!
III. Creation of Israel The reasons Zionism Anti-Semitism Connection to the Land (Covenant) Holocaust
Zionism: 1. Zionism : political movement to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. 2. WHY? Increase in discrimination & violence towards Jews. 3. Good time to return to ZION (The Holy Land) *Tens of thousands of Jews began moving to Palestine after the Zionist movement began in Europe.
Key Zionist Slogan A land without a people for a people without a land.
Anti-Semitism What is it? Discrimination against or hostility toward Jews.
Anti-Semitism: WWII 1. Hitler comes to power in Germany and begins WWII. (1939-1945) 2. More Jews flee to Palestine. 3. Immigration was restricted to no more than 10,000 Jews per year for 5 years, and only after Arabs agreed.
Connection to Land 1. First Israelites: People historically from Israel (Jews) 2. Abraham Isaac Jacob Israelites
Diaspora 3. Romans controlled Palestine during the time of Jesus. 4. DIASPORA: When Jews were forced out of Palestine & scattered around the world.
Holocaust 1. More than six million Jews were killed in the Holocaust during WWII. 2. Anti-Semitism and the Holocaust led the Jewish people to seek a place of their own 3. Saw their homeland as Palestine. (their ZION) **WHY?** A. Abraham was promised this land long ago by God (Canaan). B. They had been forced out by Romans.
IV. Creation of Israel A. 1947: Britain asks United Nations for help in dividing up the same land that was promised to both the Jews and Arabs. B. United Nations felt it was right to create Jewish state in Palestine due to their suffering in the Holocaust.
U. N. Partition Plan of 1947
IV. Creation of Israel C. May 14, 1948: Israel officially created as a Jewish state.
A New Home for Zods (Jews)
IV. Creation of Israel D. Palestinian Arabs do not recognize the new Jewish state & viewed it as an invasion of their homeland! **In fact, Palestinian Arabs refer to May 14, 1948 as al nakba meaning the disaster or catastrophe in Arabic.**
Remember the Pads (Palestinian Arabs)
IV. Creation of Israel 1. May 15, 1948: Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Lebanon and Jordan immediately invade Israel. *WHY?* 2. Israel WINS and gained Palestinian territory the new state of Israel was even larger than originally planned!
IV. Creation of Israel The Palestine Post May 14 THE STATE OF ISRAEL IS BORN The first independent Jewish state in 19 centuries was born in Tel Aviv as the British mandate over Palestine came to an end at midnight on Friday, and it was immediately subjected to the test of fire. E. In what year would this newspaper article have appeared? F. Why would Palestinian Arabs be upset by this headline?
Let s Summarize Activity **Label page 44 of your Interactive Notebook with the Essential Question and the title of this task.** Choose ONE of the following activities to summarize what you have learned about the creation of Israel: *Birth Announcement Or Historical Memorial Marker
BIRTH ANNOUNCEMENT Your Task: Create an announcement welcoming the birth of the Jewish state of Israel. Your Birth Announcement MUST include : A title. The date of birth Creators of this new nation. A brief summary that includes why this birth occurred. Description of how Jews might feel about the birth. A colorful illustration that relates to this historic event.
Birth Announcement Example:
Historical Memorial Marker Your Task: Create a historical memorial marker to be placed in Israel by Palestinian Arabs to remember their former homeland. Your Memorial Marker MUST include : A title. The date the new Jewish state of Israel was created. Creators of this new nation. A brief summary that includes why Palestinian Arabs lost their homeland. Description of how Palestinian Arabs might feel about the creation of Israel. A colorful illustration that relates to this historic event.
Historical Marker Example:
Let s Summarize Activity Choose ONE of the following activities to summarize what you have learned about the creation of Israel: *Birth Announcement Or Historical Memorial Marker