Animal farm. by George orwell. All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others

Animal farm by George orwell All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others

Written in 1945, Animal Farm is the story of an animal revolution that took place on the Manor Farm in England. Author George Orwell models the story after the events places of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the rise of Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union. Humans vs. Animals / Communism vs. Capitalism / Equality vs. Subjugation / East vs. West

Manor Farm

Owner of Manor Farm Mr. Jones

Old Major

Napoleon

Snowball

Squealer

Boxer

Benjamin

Clover

Muriel

Mollie

Moses

Dogs

Hens

Sheep

Pigeons

Owner of Pinchfield Farm Mr. Frederick

Owner of Foxwood Farm Mr. Pilkington

Mr. Whymper

The Russian Revolution

Imperial Russia

Tsar Nicholas II (Romanov)

Tsar Nicholas II

Russian Peasants

Russian Social Democratic Party The Russian Social Democratic Party ( R.S.D.P ) was organized to bring all revolutionary groups together The Bolsheviks were created to give the power to the workers and peasants The Mensheviks were created to give the power to the middle class Both branches wanted to take power from the ruling elite 1903

Bolsheviks Led by Vladimir Lenin (who was in exile in western Europe) Wanted to give the power to the workers and peasants

Mensheviks Led by Leon Trotsky Wanted to give the power to the middle class

Bloody Sunday (1905) On January 22,1905, workers and peasants are massacred by Tsar Nicholas soldiers in St. Petersburg The workers and peasants were trying to bring a list of grievances to the tsar Over 200 workers and peasants are killed and almost 700 arrested Tsar Nicholas was not in the city, but was blamed

Tsar Nicholas II (Romanov)

Russian Disasters in World War I When World War I broke out in 1914, Tsar Nicholas II sided with Great Britain and France Within the first 6 weeks, Russia had lost 300,000 soldiers in the war The Russian Army had 6 million men, but only 4 million rifles Russia could not launch an effective attack on Germany

Russian Disasters in World War I In 1915, the Russian Army was humiliated in the Great Retreat In that retreat, Russia lost: 15% of its territory 20% of its population 30% of its industry Tsar Nicholas II had to assume control of the army despite having no military experience Between 1914 and 1917, Russia would lose 12 million soldiers to the war

Russian Government Divides In 1917, the Russian government is divided into three (3) different groups The official Russian government (not effective) The U.T.Z of united councils (not official, but effective) The Progressive Bloc (not official, but effective) All of the groups put the rule of Tsar Nicholas II in jeopardy

Russian Strikes and Protests With disasters by the Russian Army in World War I, the workers and peasants began to protest and strike In the February Revolution of 1917, demands were made that Tsar Nicholas abdicate (give up) his throne The chaos allows the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks to make their moves Soviets were created to give workers and peasants more power.

Tsar Nicholas II Abdicates In March of 1917, Tsar Nicholas II is forced to abdicate his throne Tsar Nicholas II had ruled Russia for 23 years In 1918, Tsar Nicholas and his entire family were shot by Bolshevik guards

Return of Vladimir Lenin In April of 1917, Vladimir Lenin returns to Russia to lead the Bolshevik revolution. Lenin demanded that Russia get out of the war, that the workers and peasants control the government, and that the soviets would have all the power By June of 1917, continued disasters in the war allow Lenin to seize control

Trotsky Joins Lenin Leon Trotsky joins Lenin and the Bolsheviks Lenin and Trotsky officially seize power in the Great October Revolution Trotsky will become one of Lenin s most trusted advisors and the one he privately selected to take over once he is gone

Bolshevism becomes Communism The Bolsheviks immediately begin changing Russia: Capitalism is replaced with communism Private ownership is eliminated All factories are nationalized After some struggles, Lenin is forced to compromise ( 2 steps backward, 1 step forward ) The new Communist Party centralizes Russia

True Communism? The idea of communism is communal ownership of ALL things All members of a society are equal and should share in the benefits However, only members of the Communist Party enjoy many of the benefits of the Russian Revolution Many workers and peasants still have little say in their future

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics In 1924, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) is formed by Lenin In the U.S.S.R., new changes are made: All parties are outlawed except the Communist Party New government bureaucracies are created Censorship to make sure only communist ideas are spread Actively spreading communist principles in Europe / America

Death of Lenin In 1924, Vladimir Lenin dies Despite the hopes of Trotsky taking over as Lenin wished, a power vacuum opens up in the Communist Party for control The party splits as members of the Communist Party fight for control of the party AND the masses of Russian people

Joseph Stalin vs. Leon Trotsky

Joseph Stalin One of the original Bolsheviks with Lenin A very effective organizer of the people and masses Very quiet and calculating and ruthless Expert at neutralizing his opponents strengths or his own weaknesses Privately, Lenin never doubted his devotion but did question whether or not he could lead the Communist Party effectively

Leon Trotsky Best known Bolshevik after Lenin worldwide Brilliant political mind Brilliant speaker and organizer Brilliant theorist, enjoyed debating his ideas although he could be too aggressive Negative impact was that he was a former Menshevik and argued with Lenin on many issues Privately, Lenin thought Trotsky was the most suited to lead the Communist Party

Stalin Makes His Move Stalin begins to organize the party in both the rural farmlands and in the cities He builds a reputation for getting things done like no other Stalin was quietly securing his base within the Communist Party by appointing only his trusted friends and allies By 1924, most of the delegates in the Communist Party were Stalinists

Stalin Ousts Trotsky By January of 1928, Stalin began accusing Trotsky of treachery within the Communist Party Without enough support from the party, Trotsky is forced into exile In an attempt to save his own life, Trotsky flees to Mexico to find safety from Stalin s agents

After his exile, Trotsky is powerless since Stalin controls the party AND the Soviet Army In August of 1940, Leon Trotsky is assassinated by a Stalinist agent in Mexico Stalin has now solidified his power over the Soviet Union Trotsky Murdered

Stalin and the Cult of Personality Stalin will rule with an iron fist for over 30 years The cult of personality is associated with Stalin as a leader who was idealized and almost God-like Through his violent purges and programs, it is estimated that between 20 to 25 million Russians died during his rule

Animalism = Communism

Old Major = Karl Marx

Old Major = Vladimir Lenin

Mr. Jones = Tsar Nicholas II

Napoleon = Joseph Stalin

Snowball = Leon Trotsky

Squealer = Vyacheslav Molotov (Foreign Minister (Propaganda))

Pigs = Bolsheviks

Boxer = Working Class

Benjamin = Old Russian Population

Clover = Women of Revolution

Moses = Russian Orthodox Church

Muriel = Educated Working Class

Mollie = Bourgeoisie (Wealthy)

Dogs = Soviet Military / KGB

Hens = Peasants

Sheep = Uneducated Masses

Pigeons = Soviet Propaganda Abroad

Mr. Frederick = Nazi Germany Dictatorship Adolf Hitler

Mr. Pilkington = U.S./Great Britain Capitalism Winston Churchill FDR/ Harry Truman

Battle of the Cowshed = October Revolution

Battle of the Windmill = Battle of Stalingrad

Final Feast = Tehran Conference

Animal farm by George orwell All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others