The FIRST (Fragmentation of Ions Relevant for Space and Therapy) experiment: interaction region and MAPS vertex detector 12th Topical Seminar on Innovative Particle and Radiation Detectors (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 Siena, Italy Eleuterio Spiriti on behalf of the FIRST collaboration 1. The FIRST experiment: motivation and brief description 2. Pixel sensor motivation in FIRST 3. The M26 sensor ( J.Baudot talk at the IEEE-NSS09 conference) 4. M26 test stand at Roma Tre DAQ implementation Proximity Board 5. Pixel vertex mechanical solution for test on beam Built prototype of proximity board support First ideas of target mechanical support 6. M26 results with alpha (Am241) particles Cluster size evaluation 7. M26 results on a Carbon Ion beam (62 AMeV) 8. Conclusions Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 1
The FIRST (Fragmentation of Ions Relevant for Space and Therapy) collaboration INFN (LNS, LNF, Mi, To, Rm2, Rm3) C.Agodi, G.Battistoni, T.Bohlen, G.A.P.Cirrone, G.Cuttone, M.De Napoli, E.Iarocci, F.Marchetto, M.C.Morone, V.Patera, E.Rapisarda, F.Romano, P.Sala, A.Sciubba, C.Sfienti, E.Spiriti Dsm/IRFU/SPHN CEA,IN2P3: Saclay, Caen, Strasbourg, Lyon A.Boudard, J.E.Ducret, F.Haas, M.Labalme, S.Leray, M.D.Salsac, C.Ray GSI T.Aumann, K.Boretzy, M.Durante, M.Helic, A.Kelic, R.Pleskac, M.V.Ricciardi, D.Schardt, C.Scheidenberger, H.Simon, M.Winkler ESA P.Nieminen, G.Santin Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 2
The FIRST experiment motivation Effects of GCR (Galactic Cosmic Radiation) on humans Fragmentation of heavy ions SEE (Single Event Upset) in microelectonic circuits Shielding in accelerator environment Cancer therapy with light ions ( Z<9 and E<400MeV/u) ( Hadrontherapy ) Monte Carlo transport code ( FLUKA, GEANT4, ) are used both in hadrontherapy and radiation protection. FIRST is for now focused on Carbon ion fragmentation measurements. Others, like Oxigen and others, are considered. Monte Carlo transport accuracy is based on the availability of double differential cross section for reactions of heavy ions on different target materials. Physical models in the transport codes have to be validated checking how they reproduce the measurements! Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 3
The FIRST experiment motivation Carbon for hadrontherapy Carbon seems the next relevant ion for hadrontherapy. 400 MeV/u Carbon ion Bragg peak in water Overall goal for FIRST double differential cross section at 3% accuracy measurements for the following reactions: C-C, C-Au, Fe-C, Fe-Si, O-C GSI at Darmstadt choosen laboratory FIRST time line: December 16th 2008, first talk at GSI January 29 th 2009, proposal presented at G-PAC February 27 th 2009, proposal approved for C-C. Beam in summer 2011 Fragments with different RBE outside the Beam path. Undesired dose released after the Bragg peak Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 4
FLUKA simulated fragments energy and emission angle for 400 MeV/u Carbon ions on Carbon target. Kinetic energy distribution per fragment Angular distribution per fragment Protons up to 1MeV Carbon at 400MeV He, Li, Be, B ±200MeV/u Protons 0 to 90 degree He 0 to 10 degree Li,Be,B,C <4 degree Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 5
Accelerator facility with therapy quality beam and previous setups to be partially reused for FIRST Heavy-ion synchrotron SIS facility at GSI (Darmstadt) H to U ions, 1-4.5 GeV/u projectile energy Projectile Fragment Separator ( FSR ) Experimental Storage and cooler Ring ( ESR ) ALADIN setup SPALADIN setup Large Acceptance DIpole magnet ( ALADIN ) coupled with a multitrack and MUlti-Sampling Time Projection Chamber ( TPC MUSIC ) composed of 3 planes of ionization chambers and 4 planes of Proportional Counters (PC) which enable a good charge identification for Z, respectively, larger and lower than 10, down to protons. Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 6
Large angle hodoscope ALADIN magnet The FIRST setup MUSIC TPC Based on the large pre-existing ALADIN setup TOF wall Neutron detector beam New interaction region. Beam Beam monitor drift chamber Target M26 vertex Fragments Goal: measure Z, A, emission angle and p of all fragments. Start counter 150 µm thick Large angle calorimeter Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 7
Vertex detector requirements Carbon beam spot FWHM = 3mm -> Sensor active size in the range of cm2 Angular acceptance as large as possible (protons emitted at large angles) Angular resolution on tracks ~ 0.3 deg (therapy requirements) Two track separation at % level purity to minimize systematic. Carbon interactions in Vertex sensors directly contribute to systematic!!! Overall sensors thickness ~few % of target thickness (~1cm). Needed 50 µm thick M26. Dynamic range from 2 to 100 m.i.p. TPC pile-up and Hodo maximum DAQ rate limits the read out rate to less then 1 KHz and needed statistic to be collected to reach the desired measure precision fix the read out time to be << 1 ms. Few events superimposed in the Vertex could be disantangled using the beam-monitor position information. Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 8
Rome Tre proposal to use M26 for the FIRST vertex My proposal for the FIRST vertex detector was to use the newly produced ( spring 2009 ) full scale MAPS ( Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor ) sensor developed in Strasbourg the M26, with an in house (Rome Tre) developed (HW/SW) data acquisition system based on the VME CAEN V1495 board. M26 Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor brief description Georgios Voutsinas/Strasbourg Towards a 10 microsec, thin high resolution pixelated CMOS sensor system for future vertex detecotrs Innovative detectors section of this Workshop For the M26 Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor brief description I ll use 4 slides from the following talk: J.Baudot (from In2P3 Strasbourg) talk at the IEEE-NSS09 conference Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 9
J.Baudot talk at IEEE-NSS09 conference Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 10
J.Baudot talk at IEEE-NSS09 conference Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 11
J.Baudot talk at IEEE-NSS09 conference Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 12
J.Baudot talk at IEEE-NSS09 conference Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 13
M26 serial output timing on the scope M26 digital outputs 4 signals per sensor: MKD marker CLKD clock at 80 MHz DO0 data line DO1 data line 20 Mbytes/s per sensor Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 14
V1495 DAQ board FPGA code and simulation timing We decided to develop the CAEN V1495 VME board FPGA firmware to readout the M26 serial out. (We do not need the performances of the expensive PXI based Strasbourg DAQ system!) Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 15
M26 test setup at Roma Tre M26 serial out monitor M26 mechanical support JTAG control board VME crate housing the V1495 module Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 16
M26 Proximity Board for FIRST dimensions Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 17
TPS M26 proximity board PCB (design at Roma Tre) PCB hole (20mm X 20mm) covered by 2 thin (50 µm) M26 sensor (bonded on the two side) to minimize secondary fragmentation. Prototype production last March, chip bonding in Strasbourg mid May. Connectors on both side Bonded one 50 µm thick M26 and one 120 µm thick M26. BOTH SENSORS WORKING! Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 18
Pixel sensor test beam mechanical support (Roma Tre mechanical workshop) Exploded views In green testing bords (proximity) Trigger counters Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 19
Strasbourg M26 proximity board with our mechanical support Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 20
M26 vertex detector and target mechanical support 4 different material targets Exploded views Stepping motor here to remotely control the target scan Four TPS_M26_ProximityBoards Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 21
MAPS (Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor) response to ions Alpha particle energy release much larger than Carbon ions ( FLUKA simulation ) MAPS mainly studied for MIP!!!!! Alpha (Am241) MIMOROMA1 analog output ) sensor response FLUKA simulations: Am241 4.4MeV (20um) 4.6MeV/3.6 = 1.27 Me Carbon.48MeV (20um) 0.48MeV/3.6 = 133 Ke Fe55 5.9Kev 1640 e M26 noise 14 electron 0.7 mv 1 MIP S/N (M26) = 16, 1 MIP.7mV * 16 = 11.2 mv 1 MIP =? (M26) 700 electron ----> 1 Carbon = 200 MIP Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 22
M26 pedestal measurement (Chip n. 14) Num. of on pixels versus frame number Threshold dispersion on first quadrant ( 576x288=165888 pixel) Number of pixel on per frame 3600 acquired frames average of 1.6 pixels on per frame Threshold at 8 from pedestal Few pixel on per frame out of ~0.6Mpixels Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 23
M26 with alpha source (Am241) measurement (Chip n. 14) Num. of on pixels versus frame number ~175000 frame golden frame Alpha particles average cluster size = ~60 pixels Matrix uniformely illuminated Number of pixel on per frame Alpha source (Am241) 13 mm distance Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 24
M26 with alpha source golden frame (Chip n. 14) Cluster C Noisy pixel Cluster B 64 pixel Cluster A 49 pixel Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 25
Cluster size versus Am241 alpha impinging energy Am241 alpha ions release ~70% Of the original 5.4 MeV kinetic energy in 16mm of Air. Small cluster size background. Low energy electrons from Aluminium Am241 source support acting as collimator? Measurements to be repeated! ~ 5.0 MeV alpha ~ 1.4 MeV alpha Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 26
Test beam setup at INFN LNS zero gradi hall beam line Carbon ion at 62 Mev/u Carbon Ion beam collimator. (33cm from the sensor) Trigger counters M26 sensor Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 27
Cluster size versus Carbon Ion impinging energy Ten superimposed runs at: 18MeV/u, 27MeV/u, 33MeV/u, 38MeV/u, 60MeV/u; absorber at 1cm and 33 cm A different measurements with and without a 0.95mm thick Aluminium target shows an increase in the background < 10%! Background with absorber (PMMA) at 1cm Background with absorber ( PMMA ) at 33cm Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 28
Cluster size versus Carbon Ion released charge/impinging energy Bibliography by S. Aiello(LNS) on the low energy <200KeV scattering electrons. Light blue region is the cluster size measured for the Am241 alpha ions from ~ 1.4MeV to ~ 5.0MeV. Lanzano G,De Filippo E, Aiello S, Geraci M, Pagano A, Cavallaro S,Lo Piano F Fast-electron production in atomic collisions induced by 77A-MeV Ar-40 ions studied with a multidetector PHYS REV A 58: (5) 3634-3641 NOV 1998 Lanzano G, De Filippo E, Mahboub D, Rothard H, Aiello S, Anzalone A, Cavallaro S, Elanique A, Geraci E, Geraci M, Giustolisi F,Pagano A, Politi G Fast electron production at intermediate energies: Evidence for Fermi shuttle acceleration and for deviations from simple relativistic kinematics PHYS REV LETT 83: (22) 4518-4521 NOV 29 1999 Lanzano G, De Filippo E, Mahboub D, Rothard H, Aiello S, Anzalone A, Cavallaro S, Elanique A, Geraci E, Geraci M, Giustolisi F,Pagano A, Politi G Ejection of fast electrons following the impact of 45 MeV/u Ni-58(q+) (q=19,28) on solid-foil targets PHYS REV A 6303: (3) 2702 MAR 2001 De Filippo E..Aiello S et al Absolute cross sections for binary-encounter electron ejection by 95-MeVu 36Ar18+ penetrating carbon foil Phys. Rev. A 68 (2003) 024701 Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 29
Two track separation with the measured Carbon ion cluster size Two adjacient 10x10 pixel clusters Largest measured cluster 165,6 µm 165,6 µm 165,6 µm In the first station at 3mm from the target only 0.3% of track pairs have separation < 100 µm Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 30
Golden event (run 41) on Carbon beam All run 41 events (frames) integrated in one picture. Black bumps are Carbon Ions clusters. 66 pixel cluster main ion 483 pixel cluster fragment ion Frame num. 32399 1,566 mm 550 pixels readout in one frame. On chip Zero Suppression able to manage large events! Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 31
Conclusions A completely independent DAQ system ( firmware and readout software ) for the M26 sensor has been developed and used at Rome Tre. Affordable data rate tested at >10 Mbytes/s Data decoding software and cluster reconstruction alghoritm ready The first measurements, in laboratory ( Am241 ) and on beam ( 12C at LNS ), show that the M26 sensor is suited to the FIRST projects needs. TPS_M26_ProximityBoard (housing one M26 chip 50 µm thick and one 120um thick) prototype ready, both sensors working Further measurements are needed to characterize the sensor performances: Carbon and Z<6 ions at higher energies Sensor behaviour with lighter ions Z<6 Cluster size at incident angle from 0 40 Mechanical support for FIRST Pixel Vertex detector prototype designed and built. Last but not least, the proposal to use the M26 sensor in the FIRST project environment is an interesting example of cross-fertilization from the high energy physycs field to the medical physics applications. Eleuterio Spiriti (IPRD10) 7-10 June 2010 32