ON SOME EARTHWORMS FROM WESTERN HIMALAYAS By T. D. SOOTA AND K. R. HALDER, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta

Rea. zool. Surv. India, 76 : 95-205, 980. ON SOME EARTHWORMS FROM WESTERN HIMALAYAS By T. D. SOOTA AND K. R. HALDER, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta INTRODUCTION The paper includes a taxonomic account of a collection of earthworms from the western Himalayas, mostly from moderate to high altitudes in the Himalayan range bordering western Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. Some materiai from Murree Hills in Pakistan is also included for the sake of zoogeographical continuity. The material studied contains 9 species included in 0 genera and families. Apart.from taxonomic information, the write-up also covers new structural variations and locality records. The present paper is a continuation of eari& studies part of which has already been published by the first author (Soota, 970) in his paper on earthworms from Doon Valley. To avoid redundancy descriptive notes are restricted to observations not mentioned in the earlier report. SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT Family MONILIGASTRIDAE Drawida japonica Michaelsen, 892 Material.-2 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. An 829/; locality-dhobi ghat, Murree Hills in Pakistan; 4. ix. 928 ; collector-h. S. Pruthi. 6 ex. ; z. S.. Reg. No. An 80/ ; locality-chakrata, Dehra Dun District; 7. ix. 962 ; collector-r. K. Bhatnagar. Remarks.-This species is recorded for the first time from Chakrata (Uttar Pradesh). Drawida oepalensis Michaelsen, 907 Material.-6 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 8/ ; locality-neugal Nadi near Palampur (Himachal Pradesh) ; 6. vi. 950 ; collector-z. S. I. and Panjab University party. Rema lcs.-this species is recorded for the first time from Himachal Pradesh. Family MEGASCOLECIDAE Subfamily MEGASCOLECINAE Tribe MEGASCOLECINI Amyotbas diifriogeos (Baird, 869) Material.-5 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 82/ ; locality-harwan,

96 Records oj the Zoological Survey oj nclifj Kashmir; 25. vi. 955 ; collector-k. K. Tiwari. 47 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 8/; locality-stat 8; 9. viii. 964 and 7. ix. 964. 25 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 84/ ; locality-lansdowne; 5. iii. 965. One ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 85/ ; locality-dal Lake near Nasim Bag (Kashmir) ; 2. viii. 965 ; collector-t. D. Soota. One ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 86/; locality-raj Bhavan compound, Nainital2. iv. 97 ; collector-s. K. Bhattacharya. 2 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 87/ ; locality-bajdol, Solan (Himachal Pradesh) ;. ix. 969; collector-o. B. Okhotani and G. S. Arora. One ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 88/ ; locality -BAimtal, Kumaun ; 4. v. 948 ; collector-kumaun Hills Survey party. ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 89/ ; locality-rajgarh (Himachal Pradesh) ;.. xii. 976. 4 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 840/; locality-solan (Himachal Pradesh) ; 2. i. 977 ; collector-t. D. Soota. Remark6.-The following morphological variations were noted in number and location of presetal ( Table I ) and postsetal genital markings (Table 2) in specimens from Stat 8 and Lansdowne. TABLE I.-Showing location of presetal genital markings. Segment on which genital markings pres en t OnVn Only on left side of VII Only on right side of VII On VIII Only on left side of VIII On IX Only on right side of IX Only on left side of X Only on right side of XI No markings No. of specimens 9 4 5 Total number of specimens examined=20 4 TABLE 2.-Showing location of postsetal genital markings Segment on which genital markings present On VI Only on right side of VI On VII Only on left side of VII Only on right side of VII On VIII Only on right side of VIII No markings No. of specimens 7 8 Total number of specimens examined = 20 Variations were also noted as follows : In a specimen from Lansdowne first dorsal pore in /4 ; spermathe-

T. D. SOOTA & K. R. HALDER: Earthworms from Western Himalayas 97 cal pore on right side in 7{8, in 8{9-0/, on left side in /2 ; male pores on right side of XX and on left side of XXI ; intestine begins in XVIII; prostate only on left side of XXI. In another specimen also from Lansdowne, first dorsal pore in /4 ; spermathecal pores on 6/7-9/0; male pores on left side of XVIII and XIX, and on right side of XX ; prostates on left side in XVIlI and on right side in XX. In a specimen from Bajdol, Solan, spermathecal pores only on right side in 5/6-8/9. This species is recorded for the first time from Kashmir Valley. Amyntbas morrisi (Beddard, 892) Material.- One ex. ; Z. S. I.. Reg. No. An 84/; locality-stat 6 ; 25. ix. 96. 2 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 842/ ; locality-stat 9; 8. iv. 962 ; collector-t. D. S oota. Metapbire alexandri ( Beddard, 900 ) Material.-9 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 84/ ; locality-stat 5 ;. X.96. 8 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 844/ ; locality-stat 8 ; 8. viii. 964. One ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 845/; locality-stat 7; 2. X. 964. 5 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 846/; locality-gujrara village, Dehra Dun District; 0. ix. 965 ; collector-to D. Boota. Metaphire anomala (Michaelsen, 907).Llfaterial.-- ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 847/; locality-dehra Dun; i90 ; collector-b. N. Ohopra. 24 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 848/ ; locality-stat 5;. X.96. 6 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 849/, locality-near Barkot Forest rest house; 26. vii. 964. 20 ex; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 850/; locality-forest Block, Mussoorie Forest range, Dehra Dun District; 0. vii. 964. One ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 85/ ; locality-stat 8; 26. viii. 964. 60 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 852/ ; locality-stat 4; 27. viii. 964. 26 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 85/ ; locality-sta. 6 ; 24. X. 964. 5 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 854/ ; locality-gujarara village, Dehra Dun District; 0. ix. 965 ; collector- T. D. Boota. Remarks.-The following morphological variations were observed in number and location of genital markings in the specimens from Barkot Forest rest house (Table a) and Stat 6 (Table b) as well as in number and location of spermathecal pores also in specimens from Stat 6 (Table 4).

98 Records of the Zoological Survey oj India TABLE.-Showing location of genital markings (a) Barkot Forest rest house: Segment on which qenital marking present On XVII Only on right side of XVII Only on left side of XVII On XVIII On XIX On XXI On XXII Only on left side of XXII On XXIII On XXIV Only on left side of XXIV Only on right side of XXIV... No markings No. of specimens 4 8 8 8 7 6 Total No. of specimens examined = 4 (b) Sta. 6 : Segment on which genital markings present No. of specimens On XVII Only on left side of XVII On lyon right side of XVII On XVIII On XIX On XXI On XXII Only on left side of XXII Only on right side of XXII... On XXIII Only on left side of XXIII... Only on right side of XXIII 2 0 0 0 5 Total No. of specimens examined = 2 TABLE 4.-Showing number and location of spermathecal pores. Sta. 6: Number and location Single spermathecal pore on right side in 5/6 Single spermathecal pore on left side in 5/6 Single sperma thecal pore on left side in 6/7 Single spermathecal pore on left side in 7/8 ~wo spermathecal pores on left side in 5/6 and 6/7 No spermathecal pores No. of specimens' 9 Total number of specimens examined = 26

T. D. SOOTA & K. R. HALDER: Earthworms from Western Himalayas 99 Metaphire birmanica (Rosa, 888) Material.-2 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 855/ ; locality-timli, Dehra Dun District; 24. vii. 956; collector-k. K. Tiwari. 2 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 856/ ; locality-sta. ; 2. ix. 964. ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 857/ ; locality-sta. 8 ; 20. x. 964. ex. ; Z. S.. Reg. No. An 858/; locality-sta. 7; 2. x. 964. 2 ex.; Z. S.. Reg. No. An 859/ ; locality-sta. 6 ; 24. x. 964 ; collector-t. D. Boota. Remarks.-The following morphological variations were noted in three specimens, two from Sta. 6 and one from Sta. 7. In one specimen from Sta. 6, first dorsal pore in 4/5 ; spermathecal pores on right side in 5/6, in 6/7, and left sides in 7/8 and 8/9; clitellum from XV to XVII on left side and from XVI to XVIII on right side ; male pores on left side of XIX, on right side of XX and XXI ; female pores presetal, on XII and XIII; intestine begins in XVI; prostates from XVIII to XXI on left side and from XIX to XXII on right side. In the other specimen from the same Station, male pores on right side of XVIII and left side of XX; last hearts in XIII; intestine begins in XV ; prostates from XVII to XX on right side and from XIX to XXII on left side. In the specimen from ~ta. 7, first dorsal pore in /2; clitellum XIV XV on right side and XIII-XIV on left side ; male pore on right side of XVIII only; spermathecal pores in 5/6 and 6/7, only on right side in 7/8. Metaphire houileti (Perrier, 872) M aterial:-2 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 860/; locality-rajaji Sanctuary, Saharanpur District; 5. xi. 962. 0 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 86/ ; locality-phanduwala, Dehra Dun District; 8. ii. 96. 2 ex., Z. S. I. Reg. No An 862/; locality-sta. 2 ; 2. xi. 96. ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 86/; locality-rajaji Sanctuary; 2. x. 96 and 5. xii. 96. 80 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 864/; locality-sta. 22; 20. viii. 964. 6 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 865/ ; locality-sta. 5 ; 0. ix. 964. 50 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 866/ ; 0 cality-sta. ; 8. ix. 964. 4 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 867/ ; locality-sta. 7; 2. x.. 964. 5 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 868/; locality-sta. 6; 24. x. 964. 5 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 869/ ; locality-sta. 5; 9. ix. 964. 25 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 870/ ; locality-gujrara village, Dehra Dun District; 0. ix. 965 ; collector-t. D. Boota. 5 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 87/; locality-devak Nala, Udhampur (Jammu & Kashmir) ; 8. ix. 964 ; collector-raj Tilak. One ex. ; Z. S.. Reg. No. An 872/ ; locality-jeori, Mandi District ( Himachal Pradesh) ; 9. ix~ 969, collector-of B. Okkotani ana G, S, Arora, ~,

200 Records oj the Zoological Survey of lruj,ia Remarks.-The following morphological variations were observed in the specimens, of which five are from Rajaji Sanctuary, three from Stat 5, one from Sta. and one from Sta. 5. In those from Rajaji Sanctuary, one specimen shows spermathecal pores in 6/7, only on right sides in 7/8 and 8/9, and only on left side in 9/0 ; male pores on left side of XVII and on right side of XVIII; last heart on right side 0nly in XIII; intestine begins in XIV. Se ond specimen shows male pores-one on left side of XVII and another on right side of XVIII. Third specimen shows spermathecal pores only on left side in 5/6, in 6/7-7/8, and only on right side in 8/9 ; male pores on XVIII and only on left side of XXV; female pores paired, presetal on XIII; intestinal caeca begins on right side in XXVI and on left side in XXVIII. Fourth specimen shows male pores only on right side of XVIII. Fifth specimen shows spermathecal pores only on left side in 6/7, in 7/8 and 8/9. In those from Sta. 5, one of the specimens shows spermathecal pores only on right side in 6/7, in 7/8 and 8/9, and only on left side in 9/0; male pores only on right side of XVII and only on left side of XIX. Second specimen shows spermathecal pores only on left side in 6/7, in 7/8 and 8/9. Third specimen shows spermathecal pores only on left side in 5/6, in 6/7 and 7/8, and only on right side in 8/9; male pores on XVIII, only on left sides of XIX and XXV. In the one from Sta., spermathecal pores only on right side in 6/7, in 7/8 and 8/9, and only on left side in 9/0 ; male pores only on right side of XVIII and only on left side of XIX ; feinale pores paired, postsetal on XIII ; intestinal caeca begins on right side in XXVL and on left side in XXVII. In the one from Sta. 5, spermathecal pores only on left side in 6/7~ in 7/8 and 8/9, and only on right side in 9/0 ; male pores only on left side of XVIII and only on right side of XIX ; intestinal caeca begins on left side in XXVII and on right side in XXVIII. This species is recorded for the first time from Udhampur ( Jammu & Kashmir) and Mandi (Himachal Pradesh). Metaphire postbuma (Vaillant, 868) Meterial.-6 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 87/; locality-udhampur ( Jammu & Kashmir); 6. xi. 964', collector-raj Tilak. 5 ex. ; Z. s.. Reg. No. An 874/; locality-tattapani, Mandi District ( Himachal' Pradesh); 8. ix. 969. 2 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. A.n 875/ ; locality Jeori, Mandi District ( Himachal Pradesh )'; 9~ ~~ 969'; collector-' 9: B ~ Okhotani an~ G. S. Arora.

T. D. SOOTA & K. R. HALDER: Earthworms from We8tern Himalaya8 20 Remarks.-The following morphological variations were noted in two specimens from Tattapani. In one (clitellate) of these specimens, dorsal pores from /4; spermathecal pores in posterior margins of VI-IX; clitellum XV -XVII; female pores in XV; male pores in XIX; genital papillae only on right side of XVIII, on XX, and only on left side of XXI. In the other specimen (aclitellate) genital papillae on XIX and XX. Morphological variations in the reproductive system of some pheretimoid8. Gates (956, 972) on the basis of structures of the reproductive system of earthworms recognised four morphs viz., A, R. Z and H. Of these, A, lacking spermathecae, R, male terminalia and Z, testes, reproduce by parthonogenesis, H, alone being the normal hermaphrodite. Additional morphs recognised by him are AR, lacking spermathecae and male terminalia, and ARZ, lacking spermathecae, male terminalia and testes. These morphs have also been accepted by Easton (976). While examining some preserved specimens collected from different localities of western Himalayas, we came across some individuals showing some abnormal variations in the reproductive and other organs. Normal rel'roduction of the pheretimoids is generally hermaphroditic (H morph). However, some individuals of Metaphire anomala show the absence of spermathecae suggesting parthenogenetic reproduction (A morph). Tribe PERIONYCHINI Perionyx bainii Stephenson, 95 Material.- ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 876/; locality-dharamsala (Himachal Pradesh) ;. vi. 926 ; collector-so L. Hora. Remarks.-This species is recorded for the first time from Dharamsala (Himachal Pradesh). Perionyx excavatus.perrier, 872 Material.-2 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 877/; locality-neat Phanduwala Forest rest house, Dehra Dun District; 5. iii. 962, collector-r. S. Pillai. 7 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 878/ ; locality Rajaji Sanctuary, Saharanpur District; 7. viii. 96, collector-t. D. Soota. Subfamily ACANTHODRILINAE Tribe OCTOCHAETINI Octochaetona beatrix (Beddard, 902 ) Material.- ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 879/; locality-sta. 8! viii. 964 ; collector-t. D. Soota, ~6

202 Records of the Zoological Survey oj India Family LUMBRICIDAE Aporrectodea rosea (Savigny > 826 ) Material.-One ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 880/; locality-baba Rishi, Tangmarg (Kashmir); 28. viii. 955; collector-t. D. Soota. 2 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 88/; locality-baria village, Mandi District {Himachal Pradesh); 9. x. 958. 5 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 882/ ; locality-mussoorie ; 26. viii. 962. 9 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 88/ ; locality-lansdowne; 5. iii. 965; collector-t. D. Soota. 4 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 884/ ; locality-chail (Himachal Pradesh); 0. ix. 969 ; collector-o. B. Ohhotani and G. S. Arora. Remarks.-This species is recorded for the first time from Mandi (Himachal Pradesh), Lansdowne and Mussoorie (Uttar Pradesh). Aporrectodea trapezoides (Duges, 828) Material.-2 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 885/; locality-chamba ( Himachal Prade~h ) ; May, 927 ; collector-d. Bagchi. ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 886/ ; locality-batboot Forest Nursery (Kashmir) ; 6. vi. 955. One ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 887/ ; locality-harwan (Kashmir) ; 25. vi. 955. One ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 888/ ; locality-banihal (Kashmir); 7. vii. 955 ; collector-k. K. Tiwari. ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 889/; locality-pahalgam (Kashmir) ; 22. viii. 955 ; collector T. D. Soota. 0 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 890/; locality-chakrata, Dehra Dun District; 7. ix. 962, collector-r. K. Bhatnagar. One ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 89/ ; locality-dal Lake (Kashmir); 2. viii. 965. 20 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 892/; locality-anant Nag (Kashmir); 4. ix. 965. 6 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 89/; locality-mussoorie; 2. x. 965; collector-t. D. Soota. 5 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 894/ ; locality-kaligar Forest, Ranikhet (Uttar Pradesh); 22. iv. 97; collector-s. K. Bhattacharya. RemarTes.-This species is recorded for the first time from Mussoorie, Chakrata and Ranikhet ( Uttar Pradesh ). Bimastos parvus (Eisen, 874) Material.-6 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 895/; locality-chamba (Himachal Pradesh); May, 927; collector-d. Bagchi. One ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 896/ ; locality-stat 5 ; 2. ii. 96 ; collector-t. D. Soota. 2 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 897/; locality-balli Nala, Udhampur (Jammu & Kashmir);. ix. 964 ; collector-raj TilaTe. One ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 898/; locality-kufri near Simla (Himachal. Pradesh) ; 2. ix. 969? collector-o. B. Ohkotani and G. S. Arora.

T. D. SOOTA & K. R. HALDER: Earthworms from Western Himalayas 20 Remarlcs.-This species is recorded for the first time from Chamba (Himachal Pradesh). Dendrodrilus rubidus (Savigny, 826) Material.-26 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 899/; locality-shit Garhi, Sonemarg (Kashmir); 0. vii. 955; collector-t. D. Soota. ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 900/; locality-uttarkashi (Uttar Pradesh) ; 4. vii. 974 ; collector-h. O. Ghosh. Remarlcs.-This species is recorded for the first time from Uttarkashi (Uttar Pradesh) and Kashmir Valley. Eisenia foetida (Savigny, 826) Material.-27 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 90/; locality-dharamsala (Himachal Pradesh);. vi. 926; collector-b. L. Hora. 4 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 902/ ; locality-solan (Himachal Pradesh); 2-. vii. 968; collector-o. B. Ohhotani. ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 90/ ; locality-kufri near Simla (Himachal Pradesh) ; 2. ix. 969 ; collector O. B. Ohhotani and G. S. Arora. 9 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 904/ ; locality-rajgarh (Himachal Pradesh);. xii. 976. 9 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 905/; locality-solan (Himachal Pradesh) ; 2. i. 977 ; collector-t. D. Soota. Remarlcs.-This species is recorded for the first time from Dharamsala (Himachal Pradesh). OctolasioD cyaneum (Savigny, 826) Material.-One ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 906/; locality-kotta (Himachal Pradesh) ; 7. vi. 950 ; collector-z. S. I. and Punjab University party. 2 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 907/ ; locality-manali (Himachal Pradesh) ; 8. x. 958 ; collector-t. D. Boota. 2 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 908/; locality-happy Valley, Mussoorie ; 27. vii. 962, collector T. IY. Boota. 8 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 909/ ; locality- Kufri near Siml~ (Himachal Pradesh) ; 2. ix. 969 ; collector-o. B. Ohhotani and G. S. Arora. Remarlcs.-This species is recorded for the first time from Manali (Himachal Pradesh) and Mussoorie (Uttar Pradesh). OctolasioD tyrtaeom (Savigny, 826) Material.-One ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 90/; locality-murree Hills in Pakistan; 6. ix. 928; collector-h. S. Pruthi. 2 ex. ; Z. s. I. Reg. No. An 9/ ; locality-harwan (Kashmir); 25. vi. 955, collector. t -K. K. Tiwari. One ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 92/ ; locality-happy

204 Records of the ZoologicaZ Survey of India, Valley, Mussoorie ; 26. viii. 962. One ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 9/ ; locality-sta. 5 ; 9. viii. 96. One ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 94/; locality-sta. 2; 5. iii. 965. ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 95/; locality-achabal (Kashmir);. ix. 965. 5 ex. ; Z. S.. Reg. No. An 96/ ; locality-mussoorie ; 20. x. 965 ; collector-t. D. Soota. ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 97/; locality-chail (Himachal Pradesh) ; 0. ix. 969. 7 ex.; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 98/; locality-kufri near Simla (Himachal Pradesh) ; 2. ix. 969; collector-o. B. Ohhotani and G. B. Arora; 5 ex. ; Z. S. I. Reg. No. An 99/; locality-chakrata; 7. ix. 962 ; collector-r. K. Bhatnagar. One ex. ; Z. S.. Reg. No. An 920/ ; locality-nainital ; 0. iv. 97 ; collector-b. K. Bhattacharya. Remarks.-This species is recorded for the first time from Doon Valley, Chakrata and Nainital (Uttar Pradesh). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are thankful to Dr. S. Khera, Joint Director-in-Charge, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, for his encouragement in the completion of this paper, and to Dr. J. M. Julka, Zoologist, High Altitude Zoology Field Station of the Survey at Solan (Himachal Pradesh), for his personal assistance especially by way of certain identifications. SUMMARY The present paper deals largely with the earthworms collected from Mus soorie, Chakrata, Lansdowne, Dharamsala, Solan as well as some areas in Jammu & Kashmir and Doon Valley. Three examples from Murree Hills in Pakistan, present in the unnamed collections of the Zoological Survey of India have also been included in the present study as they come from the same zoogeographical range. Nineteen species belonging to 0 genera and families have been discussed. Locality details are given only in respect of species not discussed in the earlier paper (Soota, 970). REFERENCES EASTON, E. G. 976. Taxonomy and distribution of the M etapheretima r elongata species-complex of Indo-Australasian earthworms (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist (Zool.), London, 0 (2) : 29-5. GATES, G. E. 956. Reproductive organ polymorphism in earthworms of the oriental Megascolecine genus Pheretima Kinberg, 867. Evolution, Lancaster, 0 : 2-227.

T. D. SOOTA & K. R. HALDER: Earthworms/rom Western Himalayas 205 GATES, O. E. 972. Burmese earthworms, an introduction to the systematics and biology of Megadrile Oligochaetes with special reference to southeast Asia. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., 62 (7): -26. GATES, O. E. 976. Contribution to a revision of the earthworm family Lumbricidae. XIX. on the genus of the earthworm Enterion roseum Savigny, 826..lJ! egadrilogica, 2 (2) : 4. JAMIESON, B. O. M. 97. A review of the Megascolecoid earthworm genera (Oligochaeta) of Australia. Part I-Reclassification and checklist of the Megascolecoid genera of the World. Proc. R. Soc. Qd, 82 (6) : 75-86. JAMIESON, B. O. M. 975. Catalogue of the named Megascolecidae (Oligochaeta: Annelida) in the National Museum of Natural History, Paris. Bull. M~s. natn. Bist. nat., Paris, Sere, (286), Zoology 96 : 29-55. SHARMA, B. D. AND KAUL, T. K. 974. Notes on the distribution of four genera of earthworms in J. & K. State. Indian J. Anim. Res., Karnal, 8 () : 46. SIMS, R. W AND EASTON, E. o. 972. A numerical revision of the earthworm genus Pheretima auct. (Megascolecidae: Oligochaeta) with the recognition of new genera and an appendix on the earthworms collected by the Royal Society North Borneo Expedition. Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 4 : 69-268. SOOTA, T D. 970. A taxo-ecological study of the earthworm fauna of Doon Valley. Ree. Indian ljfu8., 64 (-4) ; 7-84.