When People Rebel 1857 and After
Causes of the Revolt
Policies and the People Political Causes Social Causes Religious Causes Economic Causes Administrative Causes Military Causes
Political Causes
Policies and the People All were affected by British Policies Nawabs lost their powers Diplomatic Policy of Lord Dalhousie Mr. Ekjyot - Give name of the policy introduced by that gentleman and what was it about???
No male heir for the kingdom - Jhansi She wanted Company to recognize her adopted son as the heir of the kingdom Rani Laxmibai
Peshawa Bajiao II Peshwa Bajirao Peshwa Raghunath Rao Peshawa Bajirao II Nana Saheb
Mr. Eshan - What happened with Peshwa Raghunath Rao?
Nana Saheb He was supposed to get pension of his father after his death
General of Nana Saheb
Awadh was the last territory to be annexed Begum Hazrat Mahal continued fight with Company Miss. Keya can you tell under which policy and who was the governor general at that time???
Begam Hazzarat Mahal
Bahadur Shah Zafar The name of the Mughal King was removed from the coins in 1849 Dalhousie announced that BS Zafar would be the last Mughal king
The peasants and the Sepoys High taxes on peasants and Zamindars Many failed to pay loans and lost their lands Sepoys were unhappy with their salary Were forced to go through sea routes to Burma According to a new agreement in 1856 they have to go overseas
Sepoys 87% of British army consisted of Indian Sepoys All castes were considered equal Greased Cartridge of Enfield Rifles
Mungal Pandey
Brahmin, Born in UP in 1827 Joined British army at the age of 18. He refused to use cartridge and attacked his senior in Barackpore He attacked over Lieutenant Baugh to kill him. This news spread to Meerut
Mangal Pandey was hanged on April 8, 1857. First Martyr of India
Social and Religious Causes They believed that Indian society had to be reformed Laws were passed to stop the practice of Sati English education was promoted Christian missionaries
Finally they woke up after 100 years
They realized the need of unity among rulers and common people They organized, communicated, took initiatives to display their confidence This situation developed in North India A massive rebellion started in May, 1857. A large number of people took part from different sections of society Some regarded it as the biggest armed resistance to colonialism in the 19th century anywhere in the world.
Broke the Jail 85 sepoys in Meerut refused to do the army drill using the new cartridge They were arrested and dismissed from services Sentenced just 10 years in jail for disobeying orders Later they killed company officers and broke jail in May 10. 1857
They captured guns and ammunition and set fire to the buildings and properties of the British They were determined to end up company rule They choose B S Zafar is their leader
Marched towards Delhi Meerut to Delhi On May 10, they walked straight way to Delhi They reached there early morning British army tried to stop them Sepoys gathered around the wall of the Red Fort
Mr. Samyak can you tell me why sepoys gathered in from of Red fort?
Bahadur Shah Zafar took the Lead Though he was not willing to take he had to He wrote letters to all the chiefs and rulers of the country to fight the British Many small rulers loosed their territories due to company rule So Man me Laddu Futa
OMG!!! We never thought that We could have solved the problem of Cartridges Bahadur Shah Zafar s decision to bless to rebellion changed entire situation
The Rebellion Spreads After the Delhi incident there was no event for ten days Then a spurt of mutinies began Delhi, Kanpur and Lucknow were furious
Kanpur Nana Shaeb with the help of Tatya tope won against the company Declared himself as Governor General under B S Zafar Later he helped Rani Laxmi bai
Lucknow Birdies Qadr - son of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah proclaimed as Nawab under B S Zafar His mother Begum Hazarat Begam took an active part
Jhansi Rani Laxmi bai joined the rebel sepoys and fought with Tantia Tope and Nana Saheb Confidence of company was affecting
Telegram on August 6, 1857 Our men are cowed by the numbers of opposed them and the endless fighting. Every village is held against us, the zamindars have risen to oppose us. - Lieutenant Colonel Tytler
New Leaders Ahmadullah Shah from Faizabad (Maulavi) He came to Lucknow to fight In Delhi many Ghazis came Bakht Khan from Bareilly (soldier) Kunwar Singh came to Bihar (old zamindar)
The Company Fights Back The company decided to repress the revolt Reinforcement from England - passed new laws Delhi was recaptured in September - 1857 B S Jafar was arrested He and his wife Zinat Mahal were sent to Rangoon jail in November 1862
Still they were not done People continued to resist and battle the British They had to fight for two years to suppress revolt
Lucknow was taken in March - 1858
Rani Lakshmibai was killed June - 1858
Tantia Tope was escaped to the jungles of central India killed in April - 1859
British got the Confidence They tired their best to win back loyalty of the people They announced rewards for loyal landholders would be allowed to continue to enjoy traditional rights over their lands Those who rebelled and did not kill any white will be safe Hundreds of sepoys, rebels, nawabs and rajas were tired and hanged
Aftermath Got full control on the country by the end of 1859 They had to change their policies The British Parliament passed a new Act in 1858 A number of the British Cabinet was appointed Secretary of State for India The Governor-General of India was given a title - Viceroy
All rulling chiefs of the country were assured that their territory would never be annexed in future Indian kingdoms became subordinate to the Crown
Proportion of Indian soldiers in the army would be reduced and the number of european soldiers would be increased Instead of recruiting soldiers from Awadh, Bihar and Central India and South India, more soldiers would be recruited from among Gurkhas, Sikhs and Pathans.
The land and property of Muslims was confiscated on a large scale and they were treated with suspicious and hostility
The British decided to respect the customs, religions and social practices of the people in India Polices were made to protect landlords and zamindars