EDUCATION AND RELIGION THE MOST POWERFUL STRUCTURAL FORCES FOR PROCESSES OF SOCIALIZATION STRUCTURAL PROCESSES FORMAL AGENCY SPONSORED BUREAUCRATIZED SYSTEMATIC INTENT INFORMAL SPONTANEOUS INTERACTION NON-HIERARCHICAL IMPROMPTU DISCOVERY EDUCATION ESSENTIAL FOR STRUCTURAL MAINTENANCE, ECONOMIC PROGRESS AND SOCIAL BALANCE IN ADVANCED SOCIAL STRUCTURES 1
FORMAL PROCESSES SCHOOLING FORMAL, SYSTEMATIC INSTRUCTION GOAL ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT OF COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS EDUCATION MUST MAKE THE CHILD COVER IN A FEW YEARS THE ENORMOUS DISTANCES TRAVELED BY MANKIND IN MANY CENTURIES Emile Durkheim» SHAPED BY LARGER SOCIAL FORCES» ORGANIZED TO INTEGRATE SUBPOPULATIONS INTO SOCIAL STRUCTURE» INEQUALITIES INHERENT IN STRUCTURE» RESPONSIVE TO SOCIAL ENGINEERING FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE EMPHASIS ON IDEALS OBJECTIVE (MEASURABLE) INTENT ENHANCE PRODUCTIVITY STRUCTURAL AND SOCIAL» CORPORATE AND FAMILY SOCIALIZATION AND SOCIAL BALANCE HOMOGENEITY WITH OPPORTUNITY FOR SCREENING AND SELECTION SOCIAL PROBLEM RESOLUTION CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE EMPHASIS ON DOMINANT / SUBORDINATE DYNAMIC PUBLIC EDUCATION GROUNDED IN RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE REPRODUCTION THEORY (GIROUX & ALTHUSSER) PERPETUATION OF UNEQUAL POWER STRUCTURES HIERARCHY AMONG EQUALS WHO BENEFITS FROM A SYSTEM IN WHICH: OVER A THIRD OF THE STUDENTS NEVER GRADUATE, AND ANOTHER THIRD ARE TRAPPED INTO A SITUATION WHERE THEY DON T HAVE THE SKILLS THAT ARE GOING TO GIVE THEM A GOOD LIFETIME OUTCOME? (GATES 2006) 2
MODERN EDUCATION MERITOCRACY OBJECTIVE: CREDENTIALED SOCIETY FORM > FUNCTION TRACKING» ACADEMIC» VOCATIONAL CURRICULUM BASIS NATIONAL OR DECENTRALIZED MODEL? PERSONAL OPPORTUNITY vs. STRUCTURAL NEED PROBLEMS IN EDUCATION FUNDING ADJUSTED FOR INFLATION LESS PER STUDENT FUNDING TODAY THAN IN 1955 SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN STRUCTURAL NEEDS CHANGING ECONOMIC STRUCTURES EVOLUTION FROM MATERIAL PRODUCT TO INTELLECTUAL PRODUCT AND RELATED SERVICE RELIGION ITS SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE 3
DEFINITON SOCIAL ACTION THAT ENCOMPASSES THOSE HUMAN RESPONSES THAT GIVE MEANING TO THE ULTIMATE AND INESCAPABLE PROBLEMS OF EXISTENCE BIRTH, DEATH, ILLNESS, AGING, INJUSTICE, TRAGEDY, AND SUFFERING (Abercrombie and Turner) THE POWER OF RELIGION BUILDS SOCIAL CAPITAL THROUGH PROVIDING : ANSWERS TO THE ULTIMATE AND INESCAPABLE PROBLEMS COMMON PURPOSE AND CAUSE FRAMEWORK FOR DURABLE SOCIAL STRUCTURE SOCIO-HISTORICAL BASIS FOR SOCIETY AND SOCIAL CONTROL ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS BELIEF - IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SACRED AND THE PROFANE ORGANIZATION (ONE OR MORE) SACRAMENTAL PLACES, OBJECTS & ACTIONS PROPHETIC HISTORY, REVELATION & THE WAY MYSTICAL TRANSCENDENTAL EXPERIENCE COMMUNITY 4
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES FUNCTIONALISM (VARIABLES OF RELIGION) EMOTIONAL COMFORT (SALVATION) SOCIAL SOLIDARITY NORMS CONTROL MECHANISMS ADAPTATION DEVICES GOVERNMENT SOCIAL CHANGE THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES CONFLICT THEORY DIVERSION FROM REALITY OPIUM OF THE PEOPLE PERPETUATES ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND REPRESSION ADVANCES INAPPROPRIATE STRATIFICATION OBSCURES KNOWLEDGE SERVES AND ADVANCES AGENDAS OF ELITE THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM SUSTAINABLE ONLY THROUGH RELIANCE ON SYMBOLS RELIES ON FAITH CONNECTED TO SHARED SYMBOLS USEFUL FOR ADVANCING SOCIAL EQUALITY WEBER THE PROTESTANT ETHIC AND THE SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM 5
RELIGIONS WITH GREATEST IMPACT OF WESTERN SOCIAL STRUCTURE 1. JUDAISM 2. CHRISTIANITY 3. ISLAM 4. BUDDHISM 5. HINDUISM LISTED IN ORDER OF IMPACT JUDAISM MONOTHEISTIC EMERGES APPROX 3,800 YEARS AGO DIRECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABRAHAM AND GOD; DESCENDS THROUGH ABRAHAM TO 12 TRIBES DOES NOT SEEK CONVERTS; LOOKS INWARD RATHER THAN OUTWARD; 13-18 MILLION WORLDWIDE CHRISTIANITY MONOTHEISTIC EVOLVED FROM JUDAISM APPROX 2,000 YEARS AGO EMBRACES JEWISH TEXTS RELATIONSHIP TO GOD CEMENTED THROUGH ACCEPTANCE OF SALVATION VIA A MESSIAH SEEKS GLOBAL CONVERSION 2.1 BILLION FOLLOWERS WORLDWIDE 6
ISLAM MONOTHEISTIC EMERGES APPROX 570 c.e. WITH BIRTH OF MUHAMMAD SHARES TEXTS AND PROPHETS WITH BOTH JEWS AND CHRISTIANS RELATIONSHIP TO GOD, AND SALVATION, CEMENTED THROUGH FOLLOWING TEACHINGS OF PROPHETS FIVE PILLARS SEEKS GLOBAL CONVERSION 1.3 BILLION FOLLOWERS WORLDWIDE POLYTHEISTIC HINDUISM OVER 3,000 DEITIES, INCLUDING JESUS AND MUHAMMAD PERFECTION ACHIEVED THROUGH MULTIPLE INCARNATIONS ULTIMATE UNITY WITH UNIVERSE OPEN, BUT DOES NOT SEEK CONVERTS 870 MILLION FOLLOWERS WORLD WIDE BUDDHISM SPIRITUAL RATHER THAN THEISTIC FOUNDATION IS FOUR TRUTHS EXISTENCE IS SUFFERING ORIGIN OF SUFFERING IS DESIRE SUFFERING CEASES WHEN DESIRE CEASES WAY TO END SUFFERING IS THROUGH FOLLOWING THE EIGHTFOLD PATH 7
CULTS NEWLY ESTABLISHED SOCIAL GROUPS BUILT AROUND PROPHETIC TEACHINGS EVOLVE INTO RELIGION IF FAITH AND TEACHING SURVIVE PROPHET INITIAL STIGMA OVERCOME EMERGES FROM SECRECY INTO OPEN, SHARED SOCIAL PRACTICE 8