Abraham, 206 Aelian On Providence, 183 Aeneas, 34 Alcinous, 56, 113, 114, 119, 128, 129, 164, 165 Alexander the Great, 123, 133, 140, 142 Alexandria, 207 allegory, 3, 30, 39, 43, 45, 54, 55, 61, 82, 86, 133, 169, 201 Anaxagoras, 92 Anaximander, 92 Antiochus of Ascalon, 2, 28, 30, 36, 111, 135 Antisthenes, 7, 111 Anubis, 57, 193, 195 Aphrodite, 192 Apollo, 43, 53, 81, 132, 169, 193, 239 Apollonius of Tyana, 84, 240 Apuleius, 10, 19, 92, 94, 95, 114, 232 Apology, 90, 91, 96, 97, 226 De mundo, 134 8 Florida, 92 Metamorphoses, 23, 90 6, 98, 225, 227 On Plato, 77, 90, 91, 92, 113, 129, 164, 235 On Socrates Demon, 90, 92, 119, 165, 167, 169 Arcadia, 222 Ares, 53, 239 Aristides, 84, 101, 105, 108, 119, 130, 145, 159, 239 On Rome, 20, 122 4, 138 46, 214 aristocracy, 113, 130, 208 Aristotelianism, 16, 103, 128, 138 Aristotle, 1, 2, 8, 40, 67, 105, 113, 133, 134, 152, 173 Politics, 105, 113, 134, 143, 152 Arius Didymus, 19, 56, 107, 111 Arrian, 117, 186 Artemis, 43, 69 Asclepius, 193 Assyria, 80, 222 atheism, 60, 62, 63, 64, 69, 74, 92, 182 5, 187, 197, 220 Athens, 53, 56, 74, 75, 113, 123, 129, 130, 143, 195, 222 Atlantis, 81 Atticus, 159, 183 Attis, 195 Augustine, 30, 40, 103, 233, 236 barbarians, 27, 51, 56, 62, 63, 64, 69, 85, 88, 89, 111, 129, 219, 223, 224, 236 Bendis, 193, 195 Bible, 22, 80, 200, 201, 203, 204, 215, 222, 230 Genesis, 80 Brahmans, 78, 79, 92 Callistratus, 33 Carneades, 76 Carthaginians, 69 Cassius Hemina, 34 Cato, 163 Celsus, 19, 22, 42, 46, 52, 76, 84, 96, 103, 119, 120, 156, 183, 207, 217 30, 233, 235, 238, 239 Celsus, Epicurean, 186 Chaeremon, 28, 37, 41 2, 44, 46, 207, 222, 231, 232 Chaldaean oracles, 12, 237 Chaldaeans, 36, 42, 64, 80, 92, 222 Christianity, 12, 22, 49, 72, 80, 102, 120, 187, 217 Chrysippus, 8, 43, 47, 120, 152, 169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 186 Cicero, 2, 11, 16, 20, 29, 30, 105, 111, 135, 152, 171, 200 On the Nature of the Gods, 7, 126, 183, 185, 193, 233 Cleanthes, 8, 43, 47, 169 Clement of Alexandria, 31, 46, 56, 74, 94, 183, 203, 218 Cornutus, 9, 28, 37, 41, 42, 43 5, 46, 88, 159, 200 Corybantes, 220, 225 Critias, 68 Cronus, 136, 161 cult image, 31, 32, 37, 39, 40, 49, 69, 91, 128, 207, 240 Cybele, 183, 224 269
270 Cynicism, 22, 85, 180, 190 3 Cyril of Jerusalem, 227 Daedala, 51, 52 Deiotarus, 173 Delphi, 10, 48 Demeter, 43, 192 Demetrius Lacon, 31 democracy, 20, 113, 127, 128, 129, 130, 143, 163, 164, 195, 197, 208, 212, 214 Democritus, 28 demonology, 14, 19, 53, 61, 103, 104, 107, 108, 119, 125, 126, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 137, 150, 153, 156, 157, 158, 161, 162, 164, 173, 174, 201, 211, 220, 224, 226, 227, 228 Demosthenes, 195 Dio Chrysostom, 4, 9, 19, 21, 105, 113, 119, 202 Borystheniticus, 85, 155, 231 Olympicus, 31, 182, 202 Oration 1, 156 Oration 3, 148 53 Rhodian oration, 46, 151, 155 Diodorus of Sicily, 52, 56, 57 Diogenes, 67, 105 Diogenes Laertius, 189 Diogenes of Oenoanda, 184 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 34 Dionysius of Myrsilus, 34 Dionysus, 53, 54, 57, 59, 165, 169, 170, 192 divination, 8, 9, 119, 165, 166, 167, 236 divine law, 19, 107, 110, 111, 112, 116, 117, 118, 126, 129, 130, 131, 132, 137, 140, 145, 149, 150, 153, 155, 160, 162, 173, 206; see nomos empsychos Dodona, 192 dreams, 9, 14, 17, 93, 94, 184, 239 Druids, 222 Ecphantes, 118 Egypt, 17, 27, 41, 42, 45, 51, 57, 80, 81, 185, 207, 214, 222 Eleusis, 44, 81, 82, 94, 183, 222 Empedocles, 92 Epaminondas, 163 Epictetus, 101, 103, 107, 115, 117, 119, 132, 151, 152, 155, 159, 225 Epicureanism, 8, 10, 16, 22, 74, 76, 92, 125, 136, 159, 174, 182 5 Epimenides, 92 Eros, 169 Etruscans, 34 Eudorus, 102, 210, 211 Euhemerism, 61 Euripides, 195, 196 Eusebius of Caesarea, 42, 43, 50, 73, 75, 183, 218 fate, 74, 129, 136, 168, 172, 173 Flavius Josephus Against Apion, 74, 193, 204, 208, 222 friendship, 151 2 Galactophagi, 222 Galen, 127 Ganymedes, 192 Gauls, 69 Getai, 222 Golden Age, 20, 27, 32, 34, 36, 109, 110, 111, 112, 118, 139, 146, 150, 156 Great King, 19, 20, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 108, 109, 119, 120, 122 46, 148, 165, 171 5, 192, 194, 196, 205 12, 215, 227, 238 Hades, 43 Harpocration, 239 Helios, 86 Hellanicus, 34 Hellenism, 89, 145, 220 Hephaistos, 81 Hera, 53, 54, 85 Heracles, 165, 192 Heraclitus, 31, 87 Hermes, 81, 192, 195, 198, 252 Hermeticism, 64 Herodotus, 53, 56, 64, 88, 105, 135, 192 Hesiod, 44, 63, 86, 87, 89, 101, 132, 142, 146, 168, 169, 184, 211, 222 Hestia, 85 Homer, 3, 63, 81, 82, 85, 86, 87, 89, 108, 128, 132, 144, 153, 158, 168, 169, 184, 192, 196, 222, 239 Hyperboreans, 126, 222 Iamblichus, 116, 238, 239, 240 India, 222 Isis, 82, 93 6, 183 Isocrates, 116 Jews, 22, 36, 42, 78, 79, 120, 175, 218, 221, 222, 223, 226, 239 Joseph, 42, 113, 206 Julian, 238 Juno, 32, 33, 34 Justin Martyr, 74, 76, 183, 217, 219 lawgivers, 4, 17, 27, 30, 45, 62, 63, 66, 67, 70, 73, 81, 84, 110, 118, 150, 204, 207, 208 Leto, 53 Liber, 31 Linus, 88 Lucian, 22 Alexander the Pseudo-prophet, 10, 87, 185 9 Demonax, 188
271 Double Indictment, 194 Icaromenippus, 190 3 Nigrinus, 105, 188 On Funerals, 194 On Sacrifices, 196 On the Syrian Goddess, 87, 196, 227 Philopseudes, 74 Philosophers Auction, 188 Prometheus, 195 The Assembly of the Gods, 195 Zeus Catechised, 192, 195 Zeus Rants, 192, 195 Lucretius, 183, 184 Lycurgus, 63, 207 Macrobius, 82 Magi, 19, 43, 78, 79, 80, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92, 185, 222, 235 magic, 90, 91, 94, 97, 189, 219, 220, 226 Maia, 81 Marcus Aurelius, 101, 107, 151, 156, 182, 217 Marinus, 236 Maximus of Tyre, 3, 10, 20, 46, 84, 92, 103, 113, 125 33, 163, 208, 231, 234 Metrodorus, 74 Middle Platonism, 17, 77, 102, 119, 129, 158, 164, 172, 191, 241 Minerva, 32, 33, 34 Minos, 67, 153 Minucius Felix, 8, 101, 108, 119, 120, 167, 218 Mithras, 73, 80, 81, 86, 195, 224 monarchy, 22, 102, 105, 110, 113, 114, 128, 130, 131, 132, 155, 162, 163, 196, 205, 208, 209, 210, 212, 215 monotheism, 12, 13, 191, 201, 206, 208, 210, 211, 212, 227, 228, 230 pagan, 12 13 Moses, 42, 74, 79, 120, 201, 202, 203, 204, 206, 208, 217 Musonius Rufus, 117 mystery cults, 8, 17, 18, 29, 37, 46, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 65, 70, 73, 79, 81, 82, 84, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 166, 184, 187, 194, 198, 200 5, 210, 215, 222, 224, 225, 226, 236 myth, 37, 40, 43, 44, 45, 49, 51, 53, 54, 58, 60, 62, 88, 147, 167, 168, 201, 204, 220, 222, 223, 229 natural law, 111, 206 natural ruler, 112 14, 144, 163, 213, 214 Necessity, 173 Nemesis, 81 Neoplatonism, 1, 11, 15, 17, 23, 73, 75, 87, 233, 234, 236, 237, 239, 241 New Academy, 2, 8, 16, 172 nomos empsychos, 115 18, 149 50, 160 Numa, 36, 40, 69, 207 Numenius, 5, 6, 10, 18, 27, 36, 72 83, 94, 121, 189, 197, 204, 216, 218, 221, 223, 239 Odrysians, 222 Oenomaus, 193 Old Academy, 2, 19, 33, 37, 104, 135 oligarchy, 76, 163, 208 Onuphis, 88 oracles, 10, 13, 82, 165, 166, 185, 191, 192, 236, 238, 239 Origen, 43, 72, 82, 183, 233 Against Celsus, 207, 217 18 De principiis, 218 Orphism, 4, 51, 52, 56, 63, 81, 88, 92, 94, 136, 222 Osiris, 80, 169 Ostanes, 92 Panaetius, 2, 36, 111 Paphlagonians, 64 Parmenides, 81 Paul, Saint, 219 Penates, 34, 35 Pentheus, 77 Pericles, 113, 130, 163, 164 Persephone, 194 Persia, 222 Pherecydes, 3, 81, 92, 222 Philo of Alexandria, 22, 113, 122, 143 Allegorical Interpretation, 210 Life of Moses, 101, 117, 204 On Abraham, 206, 213 On Dreams, 211 On Joseph, 212 15 On the Creation, 204, 206, 209 On the Decalogue, 120, 205, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 214 On the Special Laws, 191, 202, 203, 205, 209, 211, 212, 225 Philo of Byblos, 46, 221 Philodemus, 2, 17, 74, 184 Philostratus, 10, 31, 46, 130, 143, 240 Phoenicia, 64, 221 Phrygians, 43, 51, 64, 222 Pindar, 160, 168 Plato, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 17, 18, 19, 27, 28, 33, 49, 63, 64, 66, 72, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 92, 104, 113, 115, 116, 122, 125, 134, 153, 157, 160, 186, 203, 226, 235 Alcibiades, 86, 196 Alcibiades II, 141 Axiochus, 8, 86 Cratylus, 8
272 Plato (cont.) Epinomis, 4, 75, 104 Euthyphro, 74, 75 Laws, 4, 7, 91, 105, 111, 113, 114, 116, 126, 137, 161 Menexenus, 143 Phaedo, 8, 191 Phaedrus, 86, 88, 191 Republic, 3, 7, 19, 23, 40, 75, 78, 105, 106, 110, 111, 113, 114, 196, 209 Second Letter, 76, 226 Seventh Letter, 8, 116, 225 Symposium, 47, 119 Timaeus, 4, 75, 78, 106, 108, 158, 159, 205 Pletho, 105 Pliny the Elder, 32 Plotinus, 18, 72, 73, 103, 105, 235, 237, 238 Plutarch, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 18, 19, 21, 27, 36, 47, 48 71, 72, 77, 79, 81, 82, 84, 87, 92, 113, 133, 143, 151, 156, 160, 168, 185, 194, 200, 202, 204, 207, 216, 225, 227, 229, 231, 232, 234, 239, 241 Amatorius, 49, 170 demonology, 61, 164 7 Greek Questions, 18 Life of Alexander, 117 Life of Lycurgus, 66, 67 Life of Numa, 18, 40, 66 7, 158, 161 Life of Pelopidas, 165 Life of Solon, 67 Life of Themistocles, 160, 174 On Common Conceptions, 126, 172, 175, 227 On Exile, 141 On Hesiod, 63, 168 On How a Young Man Should Read Poetry, 58, 168 9 On Isis and Osiris, 9, 31, 50, 52, 55 65, 67, 68, 70, 87, 90, 166, 169 On Monarchy, Democracy and Oligarchy, 113, 163 On Stoic Self-contradictions, 161, 171 5, 210 On Superstition, 48, 49, 63, 65 71, 96, 170 1, 173 On the Daimonion of Socrates, 9, 49, 54, 64, 165, 166 On the Face in the Moon, 89, 167, 173 On the Festival of Images at Plataea, 50 5, 67 On the Fortune of the Romans, 103, 159 On the Generation of the Soul in the Timaeus, 67, 157 On the Lateness of Divine Punishment, 54, 168, 171 On the Obsolescence of Oracles, 50, 53, 166, 167 On the Pythian Oracles No Longer Spoken in Verse, 166, 239 On Tranquillity of Mind, 49, 66, 202 Political Precepts, 113 Precepts of Statecraft, 163, 164 Roman Questions, 18, 41 The E of Delphi, 170 To an Uneducated Ruler, 130, 160 3 Pluto, 194 poetry, 3, 6, 30, 34, 44, 46, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64, 69, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 128, 168, 170, 175, 231 Polemo, 33, 76 Polybius, 38, 123 polytheism, 12, 22, 179, 180, 201, 206, 207, 208, 210, 212, 215, 227 Porphyry, 73, 80, 101, 236, 238, 240 Letter to Anebo, 238, 239 Life of Plotinus, 72 On Abstinence, 240 Philosophy from Oracles, 238, 239 TheCaveoftheNymphs, 82 Poseidon, 43, 85, 192 Posidonius, 2, 17, 19, 20, 27, 30, 34, 36, 37, 50, 67, 109 12, 118, 139, 146, 150, 151, 200, 203 prayer, 95, 119, 132, 140 Proclus, 72, 80, 235, 236, 238, 239, 241 providence, 14, 62, 117, 129, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 156, 168, 169, 172, 173, 182, 183, 188, 190, 191, 195, 196, 205 Pseudo-Archytas, 116 Pseudo-Aristotle, 20, 84, 133 8, 205, 208, 210, 231 Pseudo-Clement, 218 Pyrrho, 193 Pythagoreanism, 2, 3, 10, 24, 28, 36, 58, 63, 64, 66, 67, 72, 76 8, 79, 81, 82, 83, 92, 102, 115, 118, 186, 187, 188, 189, 191 ritual, 7, 9, 12, 14, 20, 39, 43, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 62, 65, 66, 79, 80, 86, 91, 92, 95, 103, 108, 119, 166, 167, 202, 229, 233, 236, 238, 240, 241 Roman emperor, 101, 102, 104, 109, 119, 120, 124 Rome, 159 sacrifice, 39, 53, 59, 60, 62, 69, 191 Samothrace, 27 34, 36, 37, 222 Saturn, 31, 39 Saturnalia, 81 Scythians, 69, 85, 126, 220 Second Sophistic, 3, 5, 6, 7, 84, 89, 90, 105, 122, 143, 145 Seneca, 9, 16, 27, 107, 109, 110, 113, 182 Serapis, 82 slavery, 81, 111, 135, 145, 225 Socrates, 9, 54, 64, 72, 74, 76, 77, 82, 83, 92, 105, 130, 148, 149, 174, 191
273 soul, 19, 31, 32, 36, 47, 59, 81, 93, 105, 106, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 159, 165, 193, 237, 238, 239, 241 sovereignty, 110, 139, 141, 149, 153, 161, 194, 213 Sparta, 50, 66, 123, 143 Speusippus, 76 Stoicism, 2, 16, 20, 21, 22, 28, 42, 46, 51, 54, 61, 64, 73, 85, 103, 105, 107, 108, 112, 133, 135, 137, 151, 152, 161, 162, 171, 182, 209, 231 allegory, 3, 44, 54, 55, 86, 201 ancient wisdom, 17, 28, 36, 54, 84 cosmic city, 19, 85, 110, 111, 152, 155 divine law, 110, 116, 131, 154 ekpyrōsis, 86, 89 providence, 173, 195 religion, 8, 16, 43, 46, 119, 152, 173, 191 superstition, 5, 6, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 29, 39, 40, 41, 46, 48, 49, 59, 60, 62, 69, 83, 85, 96, 97, 98, 118, 158, 169, 170, 174, 194, 204, 212, 215, 217 20, 230, 233, 235 Syrian Goddess, 95 Syrians, 175 Tarquinius Priscus, 32, 34, 36 Tertullian, 84, 120, 217, 218, 226 Thebes, 123, 143 Theophilus Ad Autolycum, 218 Theophrastus, 107 Trajan, 147, 148, 151 Troy, 34, 35 Typhon, 56, 61, 80 tyranny, 110, 115, 117, 118, 129, 130, 149, 150, 170, 227 Varro, 16, 17, 28, 29, 35, 36, 40, 42, 44, 46, 50, 72, 77, 79, 81, 82, 200, 221, 224, 229, 232, 233, 235, 254 Curio on the Worship of the Gods, 40 On Philosophy, 29 On the People of Rome, 39 Verrius Flaccus, 82 world soul, 31, 157 Xenocrates, 19, 33, 63, 76, 104, 107, 166 Xenophanes, 31 Xenophon, 105 Zaleucus, 67 Zeno, 2, 7, 8, 67, 107, 110, 151 Zeus, 8, 32, 33, 34, 43, 53, 68, 85, 86, 102, 126, 128, 132, 136, 139, 142, 144, 145, 147, 152, 153, 154, 155, 160, 168, 169, 172, 173, 174, 182, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 211, 239 Zoroaster, 64, 67, 80, 85, 86, 92, 222