JUST1FICATION IN EARLIER MEDIEVAL THEOLOGY

JUST1FICATION IN EARLIER MEDIEVAL THEOLOGY

To my mother and father

JUSTIFICATION IN EARLIER MEDIEVAL THEOLOGY by CHARLES P. CARLSON, JR. MARTINUS NIJHOFF I THE HAGUE I 1975

1975 by Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1975 All rights reserved, including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form. ISBN-13:978-90-247-1709-5 e-isbn-13: 978-94-010-1653-7 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-010-1653-7

TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE LIST OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC ABBREVIATIONS VII VIII I. INTRODUCTION 1. Preliminary Remarks: (Paulinism in the Middle Ages) 2. The Problem of (Justification in Medieval Theology). 7 II. JUSTIFICATION IN THE (PAULINE COMMENTARIES) 13 1. The Commentaries. 17 (1) Ambrosiaster 17 (2) St. Augustine 20 (3) Pelagius 21 (4) Cassiodorus 25 (5) Rabanus Maurus 28 (6) Sedulius Scotus 29 (7) Florus of Lyons 33 (8) Ps.-Haymo of Halberstadt 35 (9) Hatto (Atto) of Vercelli 38 (10) Lanfranc of Bee (of Canterbury) 41 (11) Glossa ordinaria. 44 (12) St. Bruno of Cologne 45 (13) Peter Abelard 47 (14) William of 81. Thierry 48 (15) Hervaeus Burgidolensis 49 (16) Peter Lombard. 51 (17) Robert of Melun 52 (18) Richard of St. Victor, Ps.-Hugh of St. Victor 55 (19) st. Thomas Aquinas 58 (20) Giles of Rome 61

VI TABLE OF CONTENTS (21) Peter Aureoli. (22) Nicholas of Lyra 2. Conclusions and Analysis III. JUSTIFICATION IN THE EARLY SCHOLASTIC LITERATURE 1. The Carolingian Period 2. Early Scholasticism: Tenth to Twelfth Centuries IV. THE COMPLETION OF THE MEDIEVAL DOCTRINE: THE PROCESSUS JUSTIFICATIONIS I. First Statements 2. The Completed Doctrine 3. The Later Scholastics V. CONCLUSIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY. 63 64 65 79 79 88 108 108 114 122 130 140

PREFACE One of the pleasures and privileges of scholarship is the opportunity to express one's gratitude to friends and colleagues upon the occasion of a publication. As with many scholarly first books, this present work had its genesis as a doctoral dissertation, and hence my first and most profound acknowledgment must be to Professor S. Harrison Thomson of the University of Colorado, whom I am honored to be able to describe as my mentor. Only my fellow "Old Thomsonians" can appreciate the common debt we owe to this great medievalist who was also a magnificent teacher and counsellor. Presently in retirement, he continues to be our principal inspiration and model of scholarly distinction. I am also greatly indebted to another former mentor and now my senior colleague and chairman at the University of Denver, Professor Allen D. Breck, who, together with Deans Edward A. Lindell and Gerhard H. Mundinger, constantly encouraged and assisted my further progress and read the manuscript in its final stages, offering many valuable suggestions as to style and substance. My university provided me with generous support in the form of research funds and clerical services; I am grateful to. those colleagues who made this assistance possible, as well as to friends at other institutions who shared their knowledge and frequently gave salutary advice. Finally, I thank my wife who, in addition to supplying the numerous and extraordinary forms of tender, loving care normally required of the academic spouse, successfully accomplished the formidable task of keeping two very lively preschool children out of my study during the critical periods of research and writing. C.P.C.

LIST OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC ABBREVIATIONS Affeldt W. Affeldt, "Verzeichnis der Romerbriefkommentare der lateinischen Kirche bis zu Nikolaus von Lyra", Traditio 13 (1957), pp. 396-406. Bardenhewer O. Bardenhewer, Geschichte der altkirchlichen Literatur, 2d ed., 5 vols. (repr. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1962). Clavis E. Dekkers and A. Gaar, Clavis patrum latinorum, rev. ed., Sacris Erudiri 3 (1961). Denifle H. Denifie, Die abendliindischen Schri/tausleger bis Luther iiber Justitia Dei (Rom. 1, 17) und Justijicatio (Mainz : Kirchheim, 1905). DTC Dictionnaire de theologie catholique, 15 vols. (Paris: Letouzy et Ane, 1903-50). McNally R. E. McNally, The Bible in the Early Middle Ages (Westminster, Md. : Newman, 1959), pp. 83-117. Manitius M. Manitius, Geschichte der lateinischen Literatur des Mittelalters, 3 vols. (Munich: Beck, 1911-31). MPL J. P. Migne, Patrologiae cursus completus. Series latina, 221 vols. (Paris, 1844-64). Spicq C. Spicq, Esquisse d'une histoire de I'exegese au moyen age (Paris: J. Vrin, 1944). Stegmiiller F. Stegmiiller, Repertorium biblicum medii aevi, 7 vols. (Barcelona: 1950-61). WA Martin Luther, D. Martin Luthers Werke: kritische Gesammtausgabe, 1- vols. (Weimar: H. Behlau, 1883- ). ("Weimar Ausgabe").