The Holiness and Pentecostal Movements in the United States

The Holiness and Pentecostal Movements in the United States

Historical and Theological Development Increasing emphasis on visible evidence of sanctification and adaptability to global contexts Wesleyan Methodism Holiness Movement Pentecostalism 1730s Present Christian perfection 1830s Present Second work of grace: entire sanctification 1900 Present Third work of grace: glossolalia and spiritual gifts

The Holiness Movement in Britain and North America Source: www.christianitytoday.com Phoebe Palmer (1807-1874), taught entire sanctification as a gift of the Holy Spirit. The Wesleyan doctrines of grace and perfection Phoebe Palmer s leadership Entire sanctification = the second work of grace Wesleyan revivalists in Great Britain The National Holiness Association (1867) The Higher Life (Keswick) Movement in Great Britain

Conflict & Differentiation Doctrinal innovations Holiness ecclesiology and come-outism Growing opposition within British and American Methodism John Brooks, The Divine Church (1891) General Conference (1894) The Pickett-Smith debate (1896) Source: www.emoryhistory.emory.edu Methodist bishop and Emory president Atticus Greene Haygood (1837-1896) vigorously opposed holiness advocates

Some Holiness Groups in Britain and North America Source: www.cogic.org Charles H. Mason (1866-1961) was founder, Chief Apostle, and Bishop of the Church of God in Christ North America Church of God (Anderson) (1881) Church of God (Cleveland) (1886) Christian & Missionary Alliance (1887) Church of God in Christ (1895) Church of the Nazarene (1895) Britain The Faith Mission (1885) Star Hall Mission (1889) Pentecostal League of Prayer (1891) International Holiness Mission (1906)

Early Holiness Mission Work Origins within Methodist missions Women s Foreign Missionary Society (1869) Examples of Holiness denominational mission work Church of God (Anderson) Church of the Nazarene National Holiness Missionary Society (1910), now World Gospel Mission Source: www.blackpast.org Amanda Berry Smith (1837-1915) served for more than three decades as a holiness missionary

The Emergence of Classical Pentecostalism Source: www.revival-library.org Early Pentecostal leader Charles Fox Parham (1873-1929) left a checkered legacy. Third work of grace: glossolalia (Acts 2:4) Leadership of Charles Fox Parham: Bethel Healing House and Bible School Evangelistic tours in the Midwest and Texas The purpose: global mission Controversies involving Parham (after 1910)

The Global Origins of Pentecostalism Source: www.robertjermainthomas.com Indigenous preachers such as these in Pyongyang, Korea (1907) were instrumental in leading the global pentecostal revivals of the early 20 th c. The Welsh Revival (1904-1905) Indian Revivals Khasi Hills (1905) Pune (1905-1907) Azusa Street Revival (1906-1909) Pyongyang Revival (1907-1908) Regional revivals in China (1906-1910)

The Azusa Street Revival Los Angeles as the context The leadership of William Seymour Apostolic Faith Mission (1906) Distinctive teachings and worship practices Media attention and opposition Missionary fervor The waning of the revival William Seymour (1870-1922) and his wife, Jennie Moore (1874-1931) were key leaders of the Azusa Street Revival Source: www.blackpast.org

The Global Impact of Holiness-Pentecostalism Source: www.iphc.com Continent Adherents (in millions in 2010) Africa 92.8 South America 73.2 North America 48.6 Asia 34.5 Hundreds of missionaries like IPHC leader Anna Deane Cole helped spread the movement across the globe. This photo was taken in Hong Kong in 1914. Europe 9.7 Oceania 7.4

Global Holiness-Pentecostal Theology in Practice The experience of the fullness of the Spirit ( contextual pneumatology ) Church growth and pre-millennial eschatology Ecumenism and inter-faith dialogue Social reform as a byproduct of individual conversion and holiness Adapted from Allan Anderson, An Introduction to Pentecostalism (Cambridge, 2004).