Trouble in Christendom: Corruption & Reform 1 Name: Part 1: Vocabulary Please record a definition and other forms for each of the words below. You don t have to complete this section first, but can fill it out as you encounter each word within the text. Word Possible Meaning or Example Other Forms? Simony Nepotism The buying and selling of church positions (or sacred things). Simoniac (a person who practices simony) Scandal Indulgence Purgatory Mortal Sin Reformer Satire Heathen
Trouble in Christendom: Corruption & Reform 2 Part 2: Questions 1. What evidence suggests that, at the start of the 16th Century (1500s), the Catholic Church was the dominant institution of Western European Society? 2. Which two major changes threatened the authority of the Catholic Church at this time? 3. What eventually happened to the Christian Church in Western Europe? 4. How did Monarchs become increasingly more powerful in the 1500s? 5. Examine the map on p.277 (Fig 9-1). Name to modern European nation-states (countries) which did not exist in 1500 CE.
Trouble in Christendom: Corruption & Reform 3 6. How did the Catholic Church go about raising money in the 1500s? 7. Which practices among Catholic Church clergy might be criticized for appearing corrupt? 8. How did some Popes create scandals within Renaissance Catholic Europe? 9. What were the intentions of most (or even all) Catholic Church reformers at this time? 10. How did Catholic Church leaders tend to respond to those reformers who publicly criticized their church? 11. What were indulgences?
Trouble in Christendom: Corruption & Reform 4 12. Why might someone view the selling of indulgences as an exploitative practice (a practice that unfairly takes advantage of vulnerable people). 13. Who was Erasmus? Although he was highly critical of some church leaders and practices, why was he not considered a heretic? 14. Read over the excerpt from Erasmus St. Peter vs. Julius II to answer the following questions: a) Who was St. Peter? b) Who was Julius II? c) How does this excerpt seek to satirize (make fun of and criticize) Pope Julius II? d) What message might this satire have communicated to church leaders during Erasmus day?
Trouble in Christendom: Corruption & Reform 5 ANSWER KEY Part 1: Vocabulary Please record a definition and other forms for each of the words below. You don t have to complete this section first, but can fill it out as you encounter each word within the text. Word Possible Meaning or Example Other Forms? Simony Nepotism The buying and selling of church positions (or sacred things). Giving jobs to relatives & friends. Simoniac (a person who practices simony) Scandal Indulgence Purgatory An embarrassing story or behavior that ruins the reputation of a person or an institution. After-Life Insurance to get out of purgatory. The part of the afterlife reserved for Catholics who are too bad for Heaven, but who are not trapped in Hell. Scandalous Scandalize Indulge Purge Mortal Sin A terrible kind of sin. Sins Sinning Sinful Reformer Satire Someone who wants to bring about peaceful change in a society or organization. A type of literature that uses humor to criticize someone or something. Reform Reformation Satirical Satirist Heathen Anyone who is not religious (or who is non-christian). Heathens
Trouble in Christendom: Corruption & Reform 6 1. What evidence suggests that, at the start of the 16th Century (1500s), the Catholic Church was the dominant institution of Western European Society? There was a church in every village. All churches, monasteries, schools and universities belonged to the church. It was very rich. 2. Which two major changes threatened the authority of the Catholic Church at this time? Humanists and Protestants began to challenge some Church teachings & practices. Monarch powers increased at the expense of the authority of local barons and church leaders. 3. What eventually happened to the Christian Church in Western Europe? It split into Catholic and Protestant churches. 4. How did Monarchs become increasingly more powerful in the 1500s? They had the support of the emerging middle class and grew wealthy due to trade. 5. Examine the map on p.277 (Fig 9-1). Name to modern European nation-states (countries) which did not exist in 1500 CE. Examples include: Spain, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Croatia 6. How did the Catholic Church go about raising money in the 1500s? Tax church parishioners (through tithes) Sell Church jobs Charge for religious services 7. Which practices among Catholic Church clergy might be criticized for appearing corrupt? Selling Church Positions to the Highest bidder Nepotism (giving jobs to your friends or family) Charging for essential services Over-taxing
Trouble in Christendom: Corruption & Reform 7 Personal aggrandizement Simony Collecting a salary without performing duties 8. How did some Popes create scandals within Renaissance Catholic Europe? A number had children (despite taking vows of celibacy) and later appointed them to high positions. Some threw wild parties. 9. What were the intentions of most (or even all) Catholic Church reformers at this time? To help bring about reform (change) without harming or breaking up the church. 10. How did Catholic Church leaders tend to respond to those reformers who publicly criticized their church? They often labeled them as sinners and heretics. They sometimes arrested and punished them. 11. What were indulgences? Insurance policies for the soul. Payments made to the church in order to pay off one debt of sin, or to improve the condition of loved ones in purgatory. 12. Why might someone view the selling of indulgences as an exploitative practice (a practice that unfairly takes advantage of vulnerable people). Because it implied that God s love and forgiveness could be purchased for money. Also, it played on the fears of vulnerable people to get their money. 13. Who was Erasmus? Although he was highly critical of some church leaders and practices, why was he not considered a heretic? He was a scholar from the Netherlands who wrote humorous critiques of Church leaders and corrupt practices. However, he did not attack the teachings of the church, and was therefore not considered a heretic.
Trouble in Christendom: Corruption & Reform 8 14. Read over the excerpt from Erasmus St. Peter vs. Julius II to answer the following questions: a) Who was St. Peter? One of the disciples of Jesus (considered by some to be the first bishop of Rome) b) Who was Julius II? A pop who lived during the life of Erasmus. c) How does this excerpt seek to satirize (make fun of and criticize) Pope Julius II? It presents him as so arrogant as to insult St. Peter, and so corrupt as to argue that his skills as a corrupt businessman make him a fit Christian to enter Heaven. d) What message might this satire have communicated to church leaders during Erasmus day? Church leaders should imitate Jesus in being humble, kind towards other, honest, and faithful to God. They should not be likely world leaders that use violence, corruption, cunning, and power to get rich and oppress others.