THE OHIO FRONTIER An Anthology of Early Writings EMILY FOSTER Editor THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY
Contents List of Illustrations and Maps ix Series Foreword xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 Part One: Europeans Discover Ohio, 1750-1782 9 The First English Journal of the Ohio Country: Christopher Gist's Journals, 1750-1751 11 The Burning of Pickawillany: Captain William Trent's Journal of His Trip from Logstown to Pickawillany, 1752 15 James Smith's Captivity among the Indians: The Memoirs of James Smith, 1755-1759 18 The Indians Preach to the Preacher: Charles Beatty's Missionary Trip to the Ohio Indians, 1766 27 A Would-Be Missionary: The Journal of the Reverend David Jones, 1772-1773 28 Moravian Indians Migrate to Ohio: John Heckewelder's Diary of the Trip to Gnadenhutten, 1773 34 The Massacre of Chief Logan's Family: Henry Jolley's Account, 1774 38 Who Is There to Mourn for Logan?: Chief Logan's Speech, 1774 40 Trade and War: A Letter from Governor John Penn to the Shawnees, 1774 41 An Early Tourist: The Journal of Nicholas Cresswell, 1775 41 Negotiating with the Indians: The Journal of Colonel Richard Butler, 1775 48 An Official Description of the Ohio Country: Selections from Thomas Pownall, 1776 52 The Rescue of Jane Stoops from the Indians: Three Accounts of Samuel Brady's Rescue of Jane Stoops, 1780 53
vi Contents An Expedition against the Indians: Henry Wilson's Account of George Rogers Clark's Campaign against the Shawnees, 1780 57 The First White Child in Ohio: John Heckewelder's Memoir of the Birth of His Daughter, 1781 61 Colonel Crawford's Death at the Stake: William Croghan's Report on the Tragic Aftermath of the Battle of the Olentangy, 1782 65 Part Two: The Tomahawk, the Sword, and the Plough, 1782-1815 68 Rousting the Squatters: Ensign Armstrong's Report on Destroying Squatters' Cabins, 1785 72 Marietta in Its Infancy: The Journal of Colonel John May, 1788-1789 74 These Beautiful Shores: Descriptions of Ohio by Manasseh Cutler and St. John Crevecoeur, circa 1789 78 Recollections of an Early Cincinnati Settler: A Letter from Luke Foster, 1789 80 Growing Up Indian: The Memoir of Jonathan Alder, 1786-1805 81 Early Marietta Settlers: Joseph Barker's Journal, 1795 and After 88 A Winter Journey Down the Ohio: Francis Baily's Journal of a Tour to Unsettled Parts, 1796-1797 94 A Picnic in Old Chillicothe: From the Diary of the Reverend James Smith, 1797 99 The Pioneer Household: Thomas Ewing's Childhood Adventures, 1798-1800 100 A Circuit-Riding Preacher in the Western Reserve: A Memoir of the Reverend Joseph Badger, 1801-1803 and After 103 Work and Play in Trumbull County: Leonard Case's Memoir, 1800 and After 107 A Waynesville Quaker: A Letter from Samuel Linton, 1804 110 A Letter from Worthington: Ruhamah Mays Writes to Friends in Connecticut, 1805 111 Mahoning County Hero: Roswell Grant Remembers James Hillman, circa 1806 112
Contents vii A German Missionary in Ohio: The Reverend Paul Henkel Preaches at Brush Creek, 1806 115 A Trip along Zane's Trace: Selections from Fortescue Cuming's Travel Book, 1807 116 A Businessman's Perspective: The Travels of John Melish, 1811 125 Some Pioneer Memories: Henry Curtis's Youth in Licking County, 1809-1815 130 Cleveland in Infancy: Isham Morgan Remembers the Village, 1812-1813 131 The Maumee Settlement and the War of 1812: Philothe Clark Recalls Her Family's Flight to Urbana, 1811-1812 133 Early Child Labor: Royal Taylor Works for His Weight in Sugar, circa 1813 135 News from the Frontier: A Letter from Cynthia Barker to Julia Buttles,1813 136 Squatters on Indian Land: A Letter from Benjamin Stickney to Major General John Gano, 1813 137 Part Three: The Passing of the Frontier, 1816-1843 139 The Hard Life of the Small Farmer: Recollections of William Cooper Howells 143 John Stewart and James Finley Preach to the Wyandots: A Memoir by William Walker, and the Reverend James Finley's Accounts of the Upper Sandusky Mission, 1816-1825 148 "Ohiomania": John Stillman Wright's Cautionary Tale, 1818 154 An English Farmer Follows His Curiosity: William Faux's Memorable Days Traveling in Ohio, 1819 157 An Unhappy Visitor: Zerah Hawley Travels from Old to New Connecticut, 1820-1821 158 The Death of Charles Brady: Charity Osborn Tells of Early Widowhood, 1824 163 A Quaker Woman on the Frontier: Letter of Anna Briggs Bentley, 1826 164 An English Lady in Cincinnati: Frances Trollope's Book about Cincinnati, 1828 166
viii Contents Otto-wau-kee Speaks for His People 170 Swiss Immigrants on the Ohio Canals: The Diary of Joseph Suppiger, 1831 171 The Capture of a Fugitive Slave: A Newspaper Report, 1832 174 The Escape of a Fugitive Slave: The Memoir of William Wells Brown, 1834 176 Early Oberlin: Marianne Dascomb Arrives at Oberlin College, 1834 182 Charles Hoffman's Winter in the West: A New Yorker Goes West, 1834-1835 184 A Young Man's Travels: The Journal of Cyrus P. Bradley, 1835 188 A German Woman on the Ohio Frontier: The Memoir of Livvat Boke, 1835 and After 105 Following the Dream: Letters of the Thomson Family in Ohio and Indiana, 1818-1836 200 Disease and Death on the Frontier: Judge Fowler Remembers the Death of His Family, 1836 204 The Battle of the Bridge: Oren Wiley Tells of Early Commercial Competition, 1836 205 Childhood in Van Wert County: Thaddeus Gilliland's Boyhood, 1835 and After 207 Ottawa Indians Leave Ohio: Dresden W.H. Howard's Memoir of the Removal of Ottawas from the Maumee Valley, 1838 209 News from Cleveland: Newspaper Stories from a Growing Industrial City, 1839-1841 211 The Last Good-bye: The Xenia Torchlight Notes the Departure of the Wyandots, 1843 213 Bibliography 215 Index 221