Class #2 PURITAN PEDIGREES The Deep Roots of the Great Migration to New England New England Historic Genealogical Society AmericanAncestors.org October, 2014
Meet the instructor Robert Charles Anderson, FASG Director of the Great Migration Study Project
OVERVIEW Presentation (90 minutes) Lecture 4: The Book of Common Prayer (1547 1553) Lecture 5: The Marian Exiles (1553 1558) Lecture 6: The Elizabethan Settlement (1558 1559) Q&A sessions (30 mins.)
Lecture 1 Lecture 4: The Book of Common Prayer (1547 1553)
Early Edwardian Rule Edward VI was only nine years old upon accession He had been educated by Protestant tutors such as John Cheke and Roger Ascham His uncle, Edward Seymour, was elevated to title of Duke of Somerset and Lord Protector Privy Council had strong Protestant element Edward VI
Edwardian Reformation First session of First Parliament: 1547 48 Repeal of Six Articles Dissolution of chantries 1647 Injunctions Second session of First Parliament: 1548 49 Act of Uniformity First Book of Common Prayer
First Book of Common Prayer Modest steps toward reform Baptism Sign of cross Exorcism Chrisom Churching Purification Chrisom Title page of the Book of Common Prayer, 1549
Thomas Cranmer Principal author of 1549 and 1552 Book of Common Prayer Principal author of Forty-two Articles Principal author of Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum Thomas Cranmer, ca. 1545
Cranmer-Norton Family
Late Edwardian Rule In 1549 John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, led a coup that deposed Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset Reformation continued, with a new Act of Uniformity in 1552 This was followed by the promulgation of the Forty-two Articles and the Second Book of Common Prayer
Second Book of Common Prayer More aggressive steps toward reform Baptism No sign of cross No exorcism No chrisom Churching Thanksgiving No chrisom Title page of the Book of Common Prayer, 1552
QUESTIONS?
Lecture 2 Lecture 5: Marian Exile (1553 1558)
Marian Counter-reformation Act of Supremacy repealed Book of Common Prayer suppressed Mass reinstated, along with roods and roodscreens and other images Forty-two Articles not enforced Persecution did not begin immediately, but was ramped up in 1554 Queen Mary, ca. 1554
Options for Edwardian Reformers Remain in England Conform to Marian policies Accommodate to Marian policies Openly oppose Marian policies Remove to Continent
Accommodate William Cecil Walter Mildmay Thomas Norton Matthew Parker William Cecil Walter Mildmay Matthew Parker
Oppose John Rogers, executed 4 February 1555 John Bradford, executed 30 June 1555 Hugh Latimer, executed 16 October 1555 Nicholas Ridley, executed 16 October 1555 Thomas Cranmer, executed 21 March 1556 Execution of Thomas Cranmer, from Foxe s Book of Martyrs
The Cranmer Brothers
Pole Family
Exiles Edmund Cranmer Francis Walsingham John Foxe Alexander Nowell Francis Knollys Francis Walsingham John Foxe Alexander Nowell
Nowell Family
Precursor to Great Migration? Now that the dust of controversy has somewhat cleared away, the Protestant Exodus of 1554 may be seen in its true light, as an experiment in religious colonization: the first to be undertaken by Tudor Englishmen, and the training school for all their later undertakings. Christina Garrett, The Marian Exiles, 15
Precursor to Great Migration? Isolated and segregated, they found themselves in the midst of an organized society of which they formed no integral part. In this respect their spiritual descendants in New England were better off than they. Otherwise the experience of 1554 bears a prophetic likeness to that of the Puritan Migration of 1630. Christina Garrett, The Marian Exiles, 19
QUESTIONS?
Lecture 6: The Elizabethan Settlement (1558 1559)
Elizabethan Reform Act of Supremacy Act of Uniformity Third Book of Common Prayer Mostly restored 1552 book Some conservative amendments Ambivalent on real presence Ornaments rubric Queen Elizabeth
Civil Administration Rebuilding Privy Council William Cecil Walter Mildmay Nicholas Bacon Nicholas Bacon Francis Knollys John Mason Francis Knollys
Church Administration Convocation in 1559 was still strongly Catholic Matthew Parker resisted the call to be Archbishop of Canterbury; not installed until late in 1559 Edward Grindal, returning from exile, was made Bishop of London in late 1559 Alexander Nowell considered for bishopric but was instead made Dean of St. Paul s in 1560 Edward Grindal
Bacon Family
John Mason
Review At the beginning of his reign, Henry VIII was a firm Catholic During the 1530s he allowed limited reforms During the 1540s he reversed some of those reforms Under Edward VI, the reform movement expanded dramatically Mary attempted to reverse most reforms
Preview At the beginning of Elizabeth s reign, the returning exiles and those who had gone into internal exile had high hopes that the reform movement would be resumed Elizabeth immediately reinstated some but not all of the Edwardian reforms, but resisted further changes Thus began a recurrent tension between reformist pressure and royal resistance
QUESTIONS? education@nehgs.org
AmericanAncestors.org/puritan-pedigrees-course
THANK YOU! AmericanAncestors.org/learning-center New England Historic Genealogical Society
New England Historic Genealogical Society 2014