פירקא דחסידא הלל הגדול ספיחין. Contains many Agaddata Gemaras about pious people. What to do when problems and troubles other than drought occur

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בס"ד A Intro Today we will בע''ה learn דף יט of מס' תענית which begins the third Perek. This Perek discusses the laws of fast days that were decreed פירקא because of troubles other than drought. It is known as the chapter of the saintly ones, because it contains many,דחסידא Agaddata Gemaras about pious people and the miracles that happened to them. A פירקא דחסידא Contains many Agaddata Gemaras about pious people The topics we will learn about include the following: What to do when problems and troubles other than drought occur, and how to define them. What to do when problems and troubles other than drought occur B When fasting on Shabbos and Yom Tov is permitted B The merits of Choni HaMe agel and Nakdimon ben Gurion, and how they brought rain When fasting on Shabbos and Yom Tov is permitted The merits of Choni HaMe agel and Nakdimon ben Gurion, and how they brought rain C Some of the key terms and concepts we will learn about include: - The Great Hallel. This refers to Chapter 136 of הלל הגדול Tehillim of 26 Psukim of לעולם חסדו,כי which celebrates rainfall. C הלל הגדול After growth of plants. When crops grow wild in the ספיחין Shemita year from seeds or plants that were still in the field after the harvest of the sixth year ספיחין Taanis 19-1

1 So let's review We begin the third perek :משנה the זאגט סדר תעניות אלו האמור ב ראשונה The procedure for fasts taught earlier applies when the first rains were delayed. The Gemara explains by citing the following Braisa; ראשונה ושניה לשאול שלישית להתענות We begin asking for rain by saying ותן טל ומטר at the beginning of the first period of rain, and begin fasting if the third period passed with no rain. The Mishnah is teaching that בזמן שיצאה ראשונה ושניה ושלישית ולא ירדו גשמים When there was no rain at all this season, from the time of the first period of rain through the time of the third period of rain that is when we employ the above mentioned system of fasts with gradually increasing severity. 1 סדר תעניות אלו האמור ב ראשונה The procedure for fasts taught earlier applies when the first rains were delayed. שלישית להתענות fasting ברייתא... ראשונה לשאול ותן טל ומטר שניה לשאול בזמן שיצאה ראשונה ושניה ושלישית ולא ירדו גשמים Then we employ the above mentioned system of fasts with gradually increasing severity אבל ירדו גשמים ב ראשונה 2 וזרעו ולא צמחו אי נמי צמחו וחזרו ונשתנו But if rain fell during the ראשונה and seeds were planted but did not grow, or if they grew abnormally, we fast and cry out right away. Rashi explains; אפילו בראשונות שכל חומר האחרונות נוהג בהן And the initial fasts also carry the highest degree of severity. אמר רב נחמן דוקא נשתנו אבל יבשו לא If the crops grew, but dried up, we do not fast, because it will be in vain. As Rashi says; דמכאן ואילך לא יועיל והוא תפלת שוא ========== 2 אבל ירדו גשמים ב ראשונה וזרעו אי נמי צמחו ולא צמחו וחזרו ונשתנו רב נחמן דוקא נשתנו אבל יבשו לא דמכאן ואילך לא יועיל והוא תפלת שוא And the initial fasts also carry the highest degree of severity 3 The Mishnah continues; וכן שפסקו גשמים בין גשם לגשם ארבעים יום If forty days passed between one rain and the other We cry out immediately - מפני שהיא מכת בצורת מכה המביאה לידי בצורת means, Which This is a problem that leads to a food shortage. 3 וכן שפסקו גשמים בין גשם לגשם ארבעים יום If forty days passed between one rain and the other מפני שהיא מכת בצורת מכה המביאה לידי בצורת A problem that leads to a food shortage Taanis 19-2

4 The Gemara now clarifies the difference between a food shortage And famine: Tosfos explains that אין מתריעין מתריעין We declare fasts for famine only, but not for a food shortage - And our Mishnah must mean that the lack of rain is מכה המביאה לידי That this situation can lead to famine. 4 The Gemara gives two examples: נהרא אנהרא If food cannot be found in one city but can be obtained from another city across the river - This is not a famine, but merely a shortage. מדינתא אמדינתא If food must be brought from another region, over land by animal transport - This is considered a famine. סאה בסלע ושכיחא Even if wheat is expensive - a Se ah costs a Selah - but it is readily available, this is merely a food shortage. ארבעה ולא שכיחא Even if wheat is not expensive - you can buy four Se ah for a Selah - but it is not readily available, this is a famine. qualifies this distinction and says that this is only true ר' יוחנן בזמן שהמעות בזול ופירות ביוקר When people have plenty of money, even though produce is expensive אבל מעות ביוקר ופירות בזול However, when people are poor, even though produce is cheap, immediately. we cry out,מתריעין עליה מיד ========== famine food shortage תוס' אין מתריעין מתריעין The Gemara gives two examples: נהרא אנהרא סאה בסלע ושכיחא מדינתא אמדינתא ארבעה ולא שכיחא ר' יוחנן בזמנ שהמעות בזול ופירות ביוקר אבל מעות ביוקר ופירות בזול Taanis 19-3

5 משנא... ברייתא... ירדו לצמחין אבל לא ירדו לאילן דאתא ניחא ולא אתיא רזיא לאילן ולא לצמחין לזה ולזה אבל לא לבורות לשיחין ולמערות דאתיא רזיא ניחא מיהו טובא לא אתיא ירדו לבורות לשיחין ולמערות אבל לא לזה ולזה דאתיא בשפיכותא Rain came in a strong downpour, but was not beneficial for the crops Both heavy and light rain fell, but not enough to fill up the reservoirs דאתיא רזיא ולא אתיא ניחא If only heavy rain fell which benefits the trees but not the crops If only light rain fell which benefits the crops but not the trees 5 We continue with the Mishnah: ירדו לצמחין אבל לא ירדו לאילן לאילן ולא לצמחין לזה ולזה אבל לא לבורות לשיחין ולמערות And a Braisa adds; ירדו לבורות לשיחין ולמערות אבל לא לזה ולזה The Gemara explains: דאתא ניחא ולא אתיא רזיא If only light rain fell which benefits the crops, but not the trees OR דאתיא רזיא ולא אתיא ניחא If only heavy rain fell which benefits the trees, but not the crops OR דאתיא רזיא וניחא מיהו טובא לא אתיא Both heavy and light rain fell, but not enough rain fell to fill up the reservoirs OR דאתיא בשפיכותא Rain came in a strong downpour which fills the reservoirs, but is not beneficial for the crops or trees - In all these cases עליה מיד,מתריעין we cry out immediately. ========== Taanis 19-4

6 תניא א"ר אלעזר בן פרטא מיום שחרב בית המקדש נעשו גשמים צימוקין לעולם Since the destruction of the בית המקדש rain does not flow freely יש שנה שגשמיה מרובינ the rain is plentiful which is like בבת אחת ויש שנה שגשמיה מועטינ the rain is meager which is like מעט מעט ויש שנה שאינ גשמיה יורדינ בזמננ it does not rain in a timely manner בערב שבת יש שנה שגשמיה יורדינ בזמננ the rain falls in its proper time which is like באחד בשבת 6 After discussing parameters of time and place, when and where we fast for some of the above mentioned problems, the Gemara cites the following Aggadata: תניא א"ר אלעזר בן פרטא מיום שחרב בית המקדש נעשו גשמים צימוקין לעולם Since the destruction of the בית המקדש the rains have been tightened for the world, it does not flow freely. יש שנה שגשמיה מרובין the rain is plentiful which is like עבד שנתן לו רבו פרנסתו בבת אחת The Master gives him his allotment at one time. This way, he can process it efficiently for the maximum output. Similarly, the rain gets well absorbed in the ground for maximum yield. ויש שנה שגשמיה מועטין the rain is meager which is like עבד שנתן לו רבו פרנסתו מעט מעט The Master gives him his allotment in bits and pieces. This results in inefficient multiple processing with less productivity. Similarly, there is never enough rain, at any given time, to properly saturate the ground - which will result in a poor crop. יש שנה שגשמיה יורדין בזמנן the rain falls in its proper time which is like עבד שנתן לו רבו פרנסתו בא' בשבת The Master gives him his allotment on Sunday, giving him ample time to prepare the food. Similarly, the crops have time to grow and ripen adequately. ויש שנה שאין גשמיה יורדין בזמנן the rain does not fall in a timely manner which is like עבד שנתן לו רבו פרנסתו בע"ש The Master gives him his allotment on Friday, which does not allow enough time to prepare for Shabbos. Similarly, there is not enough time for the crops to grow and ripen fully by the end of the season. Taanis 19-5

7 :נקדימון בן גוריון The Gemara now relates the well-known story of פעם אחת עלו כל ישראל לרגל לירושלים ולא היה להם מים לשתות One time, there was no water for the Jews who came to Yerushalayim for Yom Tov. Nakdimon ben Gurion asked a certain powerful Roman to lend him twelve wells of water which he will replace with water by an agreed upon time, or he will pay him 12 large measures of silver, which equals 72,000 silver Dinar coins. On the morning of the due date the Roman sent a message to Nakdimon; שגר לי או מים או מעות שיש לי בידך Send me the water or money that you owe me since there had been no rain to replenish the wells. 7 נקדימון בן גוריון פעם אחת עלו כל ישראל לרגל לירושלים ולא היה להם מים לשתות Nakdimon asked a certain powerful Roman to lend him twelve wells of water which he will replace with water by an agreed upon time On the morning of the due date the Roman sent a message to Nakdimon; שגר לי או מימ או מעות שיש לי בידכ 8 To which Nakdimon replied; עדיין יש לי זמן כל היום כולו שלי הוא I still have all day. This exchange repeated itself early and late afternoon, at which point לגלג עליו אותו אדון אמר כל השנה כולה לא ירדו גשמים ועכשיו ירדו גשמים The Roman mocked him and said; all year there was no rain and now you think it will rain? He went to the bathhouse confident and happy about his impending good fortune. At the same time, a sad Nakdimon went to the Beis HaMikdash to Daven, and he said; רבונו של עולם גלוי וידוע לפניך שלא לכבודי עשיתי ולא לכבוד בית אבא עשיתי אלא לכבודך עשיתי שיהו מים מצויין לעולי רגלים Master of the World, You know that I did not make this deal for my own honor or the honor of my family, but only for Your honor, so there would be water for the people coming to Yerushalayim. 8 מיד נתקשרו שמים בעבים וירדו גשמים 9 9 עד שנתמלאו שתים עשרה מעינות מים והותירו Immediately, the clouds filled with rain, and enough rain fell to fill the twelve wells, and more. Upon exiting they met, and Nakdimon asked the Roman to pay him for the excess water. The Roman replied; I know that Hashem did this for you. However, it s too late. The rain came after sunset, when you already owed me the money, and the rain is my gain. Upon which Nakdimon returned to the Beis Hamikdash and said; רבונו של עולם הודע שיש לך אהובים בעולמך Master of the World let it be known that You have loved ones in Your world. Immediately, the clouds dispersed and the sun shone, proving that it was still day. The Roman no longer had a claim. Taanis 19-6

10 The Gemara cites a Beraisa that Nakdimon s actual name was,בוני ולמה נקרא שמו נקדימון שנקדרה חמה בעבורו He was called Nakdimon from the Hebrew word,נקדרה pierced, because the clouds were pierced by the sun in his merit. 10 נקדימון בן גוריון ולמה נקרא שמו נקדימון his actual name was בוני שנקדרה חמה בעבורו pierced 11 The Gemara concludes with a Braisa that Nakdimon was one of 11 three people in Jewish history in whose merit the sun stood still: שלשה נקדמה להם חמה בעבורן משה ויהושע ונקדימון בן גוריון And the Gemara explains: נקדימון בן גוריון גמרא The story of Nakdimon is known by tradition. יהושע נמי קרא Regarding Yehoshua the Posuk says; וידם השמש וירח עמד The sun was still, and the moon stood in its place. Regarding,משה the Gemara cites the Posuk היום הזה אחל תת פחדך ויראתך על פני העמים תחת כל השמים אשר ישמעון שמעך ורגזו וחלו מפניך Two words in this Posuk,,אחל and,,תת are also mentioned in a Posuk regarding this incident where the sun stood still for Yehoshua, which can possibly be used as a גזירה שוה to teach that the sun stood still for Moshe as well. It can also be inferred from the fact than an incident that.עמים תחת כל השמים engenders fear and awe was heard by all the ברייתא... שלשה נקדמה להם חמה בעבורן משה ויהושע ונקדימון בן גוריון וידמ השמש וירח עמד היומ הזה אחל תת פחדכ ויראתכ על פני העמימ תחת כל השמימ אשר ישמעונ שמעכ ורגזו וחלו מפניכ Taanis 19-7