THE NECESSITY OF VENGEANCE REFLECTED IN ALEXANDRE DUMAS THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO (1844): A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM RESEARCH PAPER Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department Compiled by: RIZAL MAHFUDIN A320100275 SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2014
APPROVAL THE NECESSITY OF VENGEANCE REFLECTED IN ALEXANDRE DUMAS THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO (1844): A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM Presented by: RIZAL MAHFUDIN A. 320 100 275 Approved to be Examined by Consultant Team Consultant I Consultant II (Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S.) NIK. 410 (Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D.) NIK. 727 ii
ACCEPTANCE THE NECESSITY OF VENGEANCE REFLECTED IN ALEXANDRE DUMAS THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO (1844): A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM Accepted and Approved by the Board of Examiner School of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta on March 11th, 2014 by RIZAL MAHFUDIN A 320 100 275 Team of Examiners: 1. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S. Chair Person ( ) 2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D. (Member I) ( ) 3. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum. (Member II) ( ) Dean Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum. NIP: 19650428 199303 1001 iii
TESTIMONY I hereby testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the previous work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a university, nor there are opinions nor masterpieces which have been written or published by other, except those in which the writing are referred in the manuscript, mentioned in literary review and bibliography. Hence, later if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in this testimony; hence I will hold full responsibility. Surakarta, 28 February 2014 Rizal Mahfudin iv
MOTTO You can never cross the ocean until you have The courage to lose sight of the shore (Cristopher Columbus) Learn then Earn (Anonymous) Make your lives a masterpiece, You only get one canvas (e. a. bucchianeri) Strive not to be a success, But rather to be of value (Albert Einstein) Failure is a mate who pressures us to try harder, He then will lead us to the other mate Named success (R. Mahfudin) v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all, the writer would like to deliver his grateful to The Almighty God, Allah SWT for His grace, guidance, and mercy, so the writer, at last, is able to complete his research entitled THE NECESSITY OF VENGEANCE REFLECTED IN ALEXANDRE DUMAS THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO (1844): A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM. Subsequently, the completion of this undertaking could not have been possible done without the participation and assistance of so many people whose names may not all be enumerated. Their contributions are sincerely appreciated and gratefully acknowledged. However, the researcher would like to express his deep appreciation and indebtedness particularly to the following: 1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum., as the Dean of School of Teacher Training and Education at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, 2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S. M. Hum., as the former Chief of English Education Department and also as the academic consultant who gives academic guidance, advices, and support during his study in the university, 3. Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S. as the first consultant for his research guidance, advice, and suggestion, vi
4. Mauly Halwat, Ph. D. as the second consultant, for her grammar guidance, advice, and suggestion and also as a new chief of English Education Department, 5. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum., as the third examiner for advice and suggestion, 6. All of DEE s lecturers, for their knowledge, patience, guidance, and supports, 7. His best friends, especially celay (Ami, Anita, and Novi) and F4/colay (Agung, Danang, Dodi, Heri), for their untiring help, support, cooperation, and unceasing encouragement, 8. EDSO and MUEC, for their unpayable experiences of organization and English course management course, 9. GENDHING for the spectacular English drama performance on June 13th, 2013 and also VOG for our best friendship, 10. His friends of PPL at MTS N 2 Surakarta for the valuable teaching experience, 11. All DEE s students, especially for students 2010 academic year, thanks for all unforgettable experience, struggle, laugh, sadness, and unstoppable spirit during our study at college, 12. His beloved parents (Rohdwiono and Hanifah Wuryani) and brothers (Dimas and Urfan) for all spirit, prayer, and wish, 13. Last but not least, his beloved gorgeous soul, Farida Hikmawati, for all joys and untiring encouragement. vii
The researcher realizes that there are many inadequacies in this study. Thus, any constrictive suggestion is welcome for the research development in the university. Surakarta, 28 February 2014 Sincerely yours Rizal Mahfudin viii
DEDICATION proudly dedicated to: His beloved Mom and Dad His cherished brothers HIS inseparable friends His adorable lover and Those supporting the study ix
SUMMARY RIZAL MAHFUDIN. A 320 100 275. THE NECESSITY OF VENGEANCE REFLECTED IN ALEXANDRE DUMAS THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO (1844): A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM. RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA. This research aims at analyzing necessity of vengeance in the Count of Monte Cristo novel by using Psychoanalytic Criticism. The major problem in this research is to describe how necessity of vengeance is reflected in Alexandre Dumas the Count of Monte Cristo. The research consists of two objectives: analyzing the novel based on structural elements and analyzing the novel based on psychoanalytic criticism. This study uses qualitative research. The object of the study is the Count of Monte Cristo novel written by Alexandre Dumas. There are two kinds of data source: primary and secondary. The primary data source is the text of the novel Alexandre Dumas s Count of Monte Cristo and the secondary data sources are some books and article related to the subject. The method of collecting data in the research is library research by summarizing, paraphrasing, and documenting the data. In analyzing the data, the writer applies descriptive analysis. The result of the research bears some conclusions: first, based on psychoanalytic analysis, the main character, Count of Monte Cristo, is a man who has a pleasure seeking personality. Second, vengeance is necessary for Count to restore his selfesteem and to punish their enemies in order to make them aware of their mistakes. Last, Dumas writes the Count of Monte Cristo novel as a mirror of society which describes that there are many individuals exacting vengeance in society and also as an advice to society to prevent vengeance as a means of curing the pain. Keywords: vengeance, necessity, self-esteem, mistakes, pleasure, society. Consultant I Consultant II Dr. M. Thoyibi, M.S. NIK. 410 Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D. NIK. 727 Dean Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M. Hum. NIP: 19650428 199303 1001 x
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE... i APPROVAL... ii ACCEPTANCE... iii TESTIMONY... iv MOTTO... v ACKNOWLEDGMENT... vi DEDICATION... ix SUMMARY... x TABLE OF CONTENTS... xi CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study... 1 B. Literature Review... 10 C. Problem Statement... 12 D. Limitation of the Study... 12 E. Objectives of the Study... 12 F. Benefits of the Study... 13 G. Research Method... 13 H. Research Paper Organization... 15 CHAPTER II : UNDERLYING THEORY A. Notion of Psychoanalysis... 16 B. Structure of Personality... 18 xi
1. Id... 19 2. Superego... 20 3. Ego... 22 C. Aggression... 23 D. Vengeance... 25 1. Notion of Vengeance... 25 2. Vengeance Aims... 27 E. Structural Elements of the Fiction... 29 1. Character... 29 2. Theme... 30 3. Plot... 30 4. Setting... 31 5. Point of View... 31 6. Style... 32 F. Theoretical Application... 33 CHAPTER III : STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS A. Structural Elements... 34 1. Character and Characterization... 34 2. Setting... 60 3. Plot... 63 4. Point of View... 69 5. Style... 70 6. Theme... 76 xii
B. Discussion... 76 CHAPTER IV : PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS A. Structure of Count of Monte Cristo s Personalities... 80 1. Id... 80 2. Superego... 82 3. Ego... 85 B. Discussion... 88 CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion... 91 B. Pedagogical Implication... 92 C. Suggestion... 93 BIBLIOGRAPHY... 94 APPENDIX xiii