CHAPTER FIVE The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E. World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert *AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product. Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
I. Expansion and Integration II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations III. Decline in India and China IV. Decline and Fall in Rome V. The New Religious Map
I. Expansion and Integration Synthesis Confucius (ca. 551 478 B.C.E.), Laozi Buddha (ca. 566 480 B.C.E.) Socrates (ca. 469 399 B.C.E.) Unification of territory political, legal, commercial networks social aspect inequalities uprisings
II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations Independent developments c. 600 C.E. A. Sub-Saharan Africa Upper Nile Region Kush by 1000 B.C.E. Axum conquers Kush by 300 B.C.E. Ethiopia conquest of Axum Trade with Mediterranean some converts to Judaism Christianity by 300 C.E. West Africa southern fringe of Sahara regional kingdoms Ghana Egypt, Kush and Axum
II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations Independent developments c. 600 C.E. A. Sub-Saharan Africa Upper Nile Region Kush by 1000 B.C.E. Axum conquers Kush by 300 B.C.E. Ethiopia conquest of Axum Trade with Mediterranean some converts to Judaism Christianity by 300 C.E. West Africa southern fringe of Sahara regional kingdoms Ghana
II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations B. Asia Japan agriculture well-established by 200 C.E. regional states, c. 300 C.E. writing introduced 400 C.E. Shintoism organized by 700 C.E. state formation by 600 C.E. East Asia at the End of the Classical Period
II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations C. Northern Europe Germanic, Celtic, Slavic peoples loose kingdoms oral culture simple agriculture sailing animistic Germanic Kingdoms After the Invasions
II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations D. Central America Olmec, c. 800 400 B.C.E. no writing pyramids agriculture especially corn potatoes in Andes domestication of animals turkeys, dogs calendars legacy to successor cultures Teotihuacan Maya from 400 C.E. Civilizations of Central and South America
II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations E. South America Ancestors of Inca Peru, Bolivia F. Polynesia Isolation Fiji, Samoa by 1000 B.C.E. Hawaii by 400 C.E. The Spread of Polynesian Peoples G. Nomads Central Asia Asia to Middle East trade
III. Decline in India and China A. China Han Dynasty decline ca. 100 C.E. Daoist revival Yellow Turbans Asia, c. 600 C.E. Epidemics Sui Dynasty Tang from 618 C.E. Continuity
III. Decline in India and China B. India Invasions from 600 C.E. Gupta empire destroyed Fragmentation Rajput Indian Ocean Trading Routes in the Classical Period Buddhism declines Hinduism worship of Devi popular Islam from 7th century control of Indian Ocean
IV. Decline and Fall in Rome A. Changes Leadership weak emperors Plagues Change from republican values hedonism Diocletian (284 305 C.E.) emperor worship Constantine (312 337 C.E.) Constantinople
IV. Decline and Fall in Rome B. Two Empires Eastern Greek Constantinople continuity, vigor > Byzantine Empire Germanic Kingdoms After the Invasions Western Latin, Germanic Rome decline, vulnerable > Western Europe Justinian (527 565 C.E.) Justinian Code
IV. Decline and Fall in Rome C. Middle East Parthian Empire Sassanids from 227 C.E. Zoroastrianism D. North Africa Augustine bishop of Hippo Coptic church
V. The New Religious Map Common Features piety spiritual focus afterlife emerge in period of political instability A. Hinduism, Buddhism, and Daoism Buddhism changes as it spreads bodhisattvas nirvana Mahayana China, Korea, Japan minority religion
V. The New Religious Map B. Christianity Institutional church Roman influence papacy bishops Jesus of Nazareth Salvation Spread Paul Doctrine trinity Monasticism Benedict of Nursia Rule Women spiritual equals of men
V. The New Religious Map C. Islam Later, 7th century D. The Spread of Major Religions Animism declines E. The World Around 500 C.E.