The American Tradition in Literature TENTH EDITION VOLUME 1 Perkins Eastern Michigan University Barbara Perkins UniversiP^'J>1Toledo SUB Gfittingen 7 215 865 804 2003 A 5647 Me Graw Hill Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, Wl Newifork San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogota Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto
Contents List of Illustrations xx Preface xxi Exploration and the Colonies 1 The Original Inhabitants 3 Virginia and the South 4 New England 4 Timeline: Exploration and the Colonies,6 ' Exploration 10 GIOVANNI DA VERRAZZANO (1485P-1528) 10 Verrazzano's Voyage: 1524 10 ALVAR NUNEZ CABEZA DE VACA (c. 1490-c. 1557) 17 The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca 17 Chapter 12: The Indians Bring Us Food 17 Chapter 14: The Departure of Four Christians 19 Chapter 16: The Christians Leave the Island of Malhado 20 Chapter 17: The Coming of Indians with Andres Dorantes, Castillo, and Estevanico 21 Chapter 19: Our Separation by the Indians 22 Chapter 20: Of Our Escape 23 Chapter 21: Our Cure of Some of the Afflicted 23 Chapter 22: The Coming of Other Sick to Us the Next Day 24 SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAEN (c. 1567-1635) 26 Voyages of Samuel de Champlain: The Voyages of 1604-1607 27 Chapter 8: Continuation of the Discoveries along the Coast of the Almouchiquois, and What We Observed in Detail 27 JOHN SMITH (1580-1631) 32 The Colonies 32 THE GENERAL HISTORY OF VIRGINIA, NEW ENGLAND, AND THE SUMMER ISLES 3 3 The Third Book. The Proceedings and Accidents of the English Colony in Virginia 33 Chapter II: What Happened till the First Supply 33
vi Contents The Fourth Book. The Proceedings of the English after the Alteration of the Government of Virginia 39 John Smith's Relation to Queen Anne of Pocahontas (1616) 39 The Sixth Book. The General History of New England 41 The Description of New England 41 WILLIAM BRADFORD (1590-1657) 46 Of Plymouth Plantation, Book I 47 Chapter IX: Of Their Voyage, and How They Passed the Sea; and of Their Safe Arrival at Cape Cod 47 Chapter X: Showing How They Sought out a Place of Habitation; and What Befell Them Thereabout 50 Of Plymouth Plantation, Book II 55 [The Mayflower Compact (1620)] 55 [Compact with the Indians (1621)] 56 [First Thanksgiving (1621)] 57 [Narragansett Challenge (1622)] 57 [Thomas Morton of Merrymount (1628)] 58 THOMAS MORTON (c. 1579-1647) 62 NEW ENGLISH CANAAN 63 The First Book: Containing the Original of the Natives, Their Manners, and Customs 63 Chapter IV: Of Their Houses and Habitations 63 Chapter XV: Of Their Admirable Perfection in the Use of the Senses 64 The Third Book: Containing a Description of the People That Are Planted There 65 Chapter XIV: Of the Revels of New Canaan 65 Chapter XV: Of a Great Monster Supposed to Be at Ma-re Mount 66 JOHN WINTHROP (1588-1649) 69 A Model of Christian Charity 70 ROGER WILLIAMS (1603P-1683) 77 The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for Cause of Conscience 79 Preface 79 Chapter XCIII 80 The Bloody Tenet Yet More Bloody 81 Letter to the Town of Providence 84 ANNE BRADSTREET (1612P-1672) 84 The Prologue 87 The Four Ages of Man 88 Childhood 88 The Flesh and the Spirit 90
Contents vii Contemplations 93 The Author to Her Book 99 / Before the Birth of One of Her Children 100 To My Dear and Loving Husband 101 1 A Letter to Her Husband, Absent upon Public Employment 101 Another [Letter to Her Husband, Absent upon Public Employment] 102 In Memory of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet, Who Deceased August, 1665 Being a Year and a Half Old 103 Upon the Burning of Our House, July 10th, 1666 103 Meditations, Divine and Moral 104 Puritanism 109 MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH (1631-1705) 112 The Day of Doom 113 MARY ROWLANDSON (1636P-1711?) 125 A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson 126 SAMUEL SEWALL (1652-1730) 150 The Diary of Samuel Sewall 151 [Customs, Courts, and Courtships] 151 EDWARD TAYLOR (1642 P-l 729) 161 The Preface 163 Meditation 1, First Series 164 Upon Wedlock, and Death of Children 164 The Experience 165 Huswifery 166 Meditation 8, First Series 167 The Glory of and Grace in the Church Set Out 168 Upon a Spider Catching a Fly 169 The Reflexion 170 The Joy of Church Fellowship Rightly Attended 171 Meditation 42, First Series 172 A Fig for Thee Oh! Death 173 [TWO MEDITATIONS ON "THE SONG OF SOLOMON," CANTICLE Vl] 174 Meditation 142, Second Series 174 Meditation 146, Second Series 176 COTTON MATHER (1663-1728) 176. The Wonders of the Invisible World 178 Enchantments Encountered 178 The Trial of Bridget Bishop 180
viii Contents A-Third Curiosity 184 Magnalia Christi Americana 184 ' The Life of John Winthrop 184 The Life of His Excellency Sir William Phips 192 Bonifacius: Essays to Do Good 199 Much Occasion for Doing Good 199 The Excellence of Weil-Doing 200 The Reward of Well-Doing 201 Opportunities to Do Good 203 On Internal Piety and Self-Examination 204 SARAH KEMBLE KNIGHT (1666-1727) 207 The Journal of Madam Knight 208 [New England Frontier] 208 [Connecticut] 212 [New York City] 214 The South and the Middle Colonies 215 EBENEZERCOOK(1667?-1733?) 218 The Sotweed Factor 218 WILLIAM BYRD (1674-1744) 232 The History of the Dividing Line 234 [The Marooner] 234 [Lubberland] 234 [Indian Neighbors] 235 A Progress to the Mines 237 [Reading a Play in the Backwoods] 237 JOHN WOOLMAN (1720-1772) 239 The Journal of John Woolman 241 1720-1742 [Early Years] 241. 1749-1756 [On Merchandise] 247 1757 [Evidence of Divine Truth] 249 [Slavery] 249 1755-1758 [Taxes and Wars] 250 ST. JEAN DECREVECCEUR (1735-1813) 253 Letters from an American Farmer 255 What Is an American? 255 Description of Charles-Town; Thoughts on Slavery; On Physical Evil; A Melancholy Scene 263 Sketches of Eighteenth Century America 270 Manners of the Americans 270
Contents ix WILLIAM BARTRAM (1739-1823) 276 Travels Through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida 277 [Alligators] 277 [The Amazing Crystal Fountain] 281 [Indian Corn, Green Meadows, and Strawberry Fields] 282 Reason and Revolution 285 The Enlightenment and the Spirit of Rationalism 285, From Neoclassical to Romantic Literature 286 JONATHAN EDWARDS (1703-1758) 290 Sarah Pierrepont 291 A Divine and Supernatural Light 292 Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God 298 Personal Narrative 309 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706-1790) 318 The Autobiography 321 Poor Richard's Almanack 351 Preface to Poor Richard, 1733 351 The Way to Wealth: Preface to Poor Richard, 1758 352 An Edict by the King of Prussia 358 The Sale of the Hessians 361 The Ephemera 363 To Madame Helvetius 364 Information to Those Who Would Remove to.america 365 Letter to William Franklin [We Are Men, All Subject to Errors] 367 Letter to Ezra Stiles [Here Is My Creed] 369 Speech in the [Constitutional] Convention at the Conclusion of Its Deliberations 370 THOMAS PAINE (1737-1809) 371 Common Sense 374 Thoughts on the Present State of American Affairs 374 The American Crisis '383 ' The Age of Reason 388 [Profession of Faith] 389 [Of Myth and Miracle] 390 [Christian Revelation and Nature] 392 [First Cause: God of Reason] 393 [Recapitulation] 395
x Contents JOHN ADAMS (1735-1826) and ABIGAIL SMITH ADAMS (1744-1818), 395 Letters 397 THOMAS JEFFERSON (1743-1826) 412 The Declaration of Independence 414 First Inaugural Address 416 Notes on the State of Virginia 419 [A Southerner on Slavery] 419 Letter to Dr. Benjamin Rush [The Christian Deist] 421 Letter to John Adams [The True Aristocracy] 423 OLAUDAH EQUIANO (1745?-l797?) 427 The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano 429 Chapter 2 [Horrors of a Slave Ship] 429 Chapter 3 [Travels from Virginia to England] 433 Chapter 7 [He Purchases His Freedom] 435 PHILLIS WHEATLEY (1753P-1784) 437 To the University of Cambridge, in New-England 438 On Being Brought from Africa to America 439 On the Death of the Reverend Mr. George Whitefield 439 An Hymn to the Evening 440 To S. M. a Young African Painter, on Seeing His Works 441 To His Excellency General Washington 442 THE FEDERALIST (1787-1788) 443 The Federalist No. 1 [Alexander Hamilton] 444 The Federalist No. 10 [James Madison] 446 PHILIP FRENEAU (1752-1832) 451 To Sir Toby 453 To the Memory of the Brave Americans 454 On Mr. Paine's Rights of Man 455 - The Wild Honey Suckle 456 The Indian Burying Ground 457 On a Honey Bee 458 To a Caty-Did 459 On the Universality and Other Attributes of the God of Nature 461 JOEL BARLOW (1754-1812) 461 The Hasty-Pudding 463 Advice to a Raven in Russia 471 ROYALL TYLER (1757-1826) 473 The Contrast 474
Contents xi CHARLES BROCKDEN BROWN (1771-1810) 511 Edgar Huntly 512 The Romantic Temper and the House Divided 525 Regional Influences 525 Nature and the Land 527 The Original Native Americans 528 Timeline: The Romantic Temper and the House Divided 531 Nature and Society 533 THE NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE 533 TALES Manabozho 535 The Chief's Daughters 546 Coyote and Bear 548 A Tale of the Sky World 549 ORATORY Speech of Logan 551 Speech of Red Jacket 551 Speech of Tecumseh 553 Speech of Speckled Snake,555,. Speech of Red Cloud 556 POETRY Twelfth Song of the Thunder 558 Formula to Destroy Life 558 The Corn Grows Up 558 At the Time of the White Dawn 558 Snake the Cause 559 Three Songs of Owl Woman 559 The Weaver's Lamentation 560 WASHINGTON IRVING (1783-1859) 560 A History of New York, by Diedrich Knickerbocker 563 Book III: In Which Is Recorded the Golden Reign of Wouter Van Twiller 563 THE SKETCH BOOK The Author's Account of Himself 570 Rip Van Winkle 572 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 583 JAMES FENIMORE COOPER (1789-1851) 603 The Pioneers, or The Sources of the Susquehanna 605 '
xii Contents The American Democrat 762 An Aristocrat and a Democrat 762 Preface to The Leather-Stocking Tales 764 CATHERINE MARIA SEDGWICK (1789-1867) 766 Hope Leslie: or Early Times in the Massachusetts 768 WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT (1794-1878) 817 Thanatopsis 819 The Yellow Violet 821 Inscription for the Entrance to a Wood 822 To a Waterfowl 823 Oh Fairest of the Rural Maids 823 A Forest Hymn 824 The Two Graves 826 To Cole, the Painter, Departing for Europe 828 To the Fringed Gentian 829 The Prairies 829 Robert of Lincoln 832 The Poet 834 The Death of Lincoln 835 The Flood of Years 836 CAROLINE STANSBURY KIRKLAND (1801-1864) 839 A New Home Who'll Follow? 840 FRANCIS PARKMAN (1823-1893) 850. The Oregon Trail 852 Chapter XXIV: The Chase 852 Colloquial Humor 857 AUGUSTUS BALDWIN LONGSTREET (1790-1870) 857 The Horse-Swap 857 T. B. THORPE (1815-1878) 862 The Big Bear of Arkansas 863 GEORGE WASHINGTON HARRIS (1814-1869) 871 Sut Lovingood's Daddy, Acting Horse 872 Transcendentalism 877 RALPH WALDO EMERSON (1803-1882) 879 Nature 881
Contents xiii The American Scholar 909 The Divinity School Address 921, Self-Reliance 933 Compensation 949 The Over-Soul 961 The Poet 972 Concord Hymn 986 Each and All 987. The Rhodora 988 The Problem 988 Uriel 990 The Snow-Storm 992 Hamatreya 992 The Apology 994 Give All to Love 994 Ode (Inscribed to W. H. Channing) 996 Fable 998 Brahma 999 Days 999 Terminus 1000 Journals and Letters 1001 MARGARET FULLER (1810-1850) 1008 Woman in the Nineteenth Century 1009 HENRY DAVID THOREAU (1817-1862) 1020 A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers 1023 [Nature, Poetry, and the Poet] 1023 Walden 1025 Economy 1025 Where I Lived, and What I Lived for 1065 Reading 1075 Sounds 1080 Solitude 1089. Visitors 1094 The Bean-Field 1101 The Village 1108 The Ponds 1111.. Baker Farm 1124 Higher Laws 1128 Brute Neighbors 1134 House-Warming 1141 Former Inhabitants; and Winter Visitors 1150 Winter Animals 1157
xiv Contents The Pond in Winter 1163 Spring 1170 Conclusion 1180 Civil Disobedience 1188 Life without Principle 1202 Journals 1215 Romanticism 1225 EDGAR ALLAN POE (1809-1849) 1228 Romance 1230 Song from Al Aaraaf 1231 Sonnet To Science 1233 Lenore 1234 The Sleeper 1234 Israfel 1236 To Helen 1238 The City in the Sea 1238 The Coliseum 1240 To One in Paradise 1241 Sonnet Silence 1241 Dream-Land 1242 The Raven 1243 Ulalume 1246 The Bells 1249 Annabel Lee 1251 Ligeia 1252 The Fall of the House of Usher 1262 The Masque of the Red Death 1275 The Purloined Letter 1279 The Cask of Amontillado 1291 The Philosophy of Composition 1296 NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE (1804-1864) 1303 My Kinsman, Major Molineux 1306 Young Goodman Brown 1318 Wakefield 1327 The Minister's Black Veil 1332 The Maypole of Merry Mount 1340 The Birthmark 1347 Rappaccini's Daughter 1358 Ethan Brand 1376 Preface to The House of the Seven Gables 1386
Contents xv THE SCARLET LETTER 1388 Preface to Second Edition 1388, The Custom-House 1389 The Scarlet Letter 1413 HERMAN MELVILLE (1819-1891) 1524 Hawthorne and His Mosses 1526 Bartleby the Scrivener 1533 Benito Cereno 1558 BATTLE-PIECES AND ASPECTS OF THE WAR 1610 The Portent 1610 Misgivings 1611 The March into Virginia 1611 A Utilitarian View of the Monitor's Fight 1612 Shiloh 1613 Malvern Hill 1613 The House-Top 1614 The College Colonel 1615 An Uninscribed Monument 1616 JOHN MARR AND OTHER SAILORS 1 6 1 6 The Good Craft "Snow-Bird" 1616 Old Counsel 1617 The Tuft of Kelp 1617 TIMOLEON 1618 After the Pleasure Party 1618 The Maldive Shark 1622 Monody 1622 Lone Founts 1622 Art 1623 Greek Architecture 1623 Billy Budd, Sailor 1623 The Humanitarian Sensibility and the Inevitable Conflict 1675 Democracy and Social Reform 1675 Inevitable Conflict 1677 Timeline: The Humanitarian Sensibility and the Inevitable Conflict 1680 HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW (1807-1882) 1681 A Psalm of Life 1683 The Arsenal at Springfield 1684
xvi Contents Seaweed 1686 The Song of Hiawatha 1687, III. Hiawatha's Childhood 1687 IV. Hiawatha and Mudjekeewis 1692 V. Hiawatha's Fasting 1698 VII. Hiawatha's Sailing 1704 VIII. Hiawatha's Fishing 1707 XXI. The White Man's Foot 1712 The Jewish Cemetery at Newport 1714 My Lost Youth 1715 Divina Commedia 1718 ' Chaucer 1720 Milton 1721 Nature 1721 The Tide Rises, the Tide Falls 1721 The Cross of Snow 1722 JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER (1807-1892) 1722 Massachusetts to Virginia 1725 Ichabod 1727 First-Day Thoughts 1729 Skipper Ireson's Ride 1729 Telling the Bees 1732 Laus Deo 1733 Snow-Bound 1735 Abraham Davenport 1753 OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES (1809-1894) 1755 Old Ironsides 1757 The Last Leaf 1758 My Aunt 1759 The Chambered Nautilus 1760 ABRAHAM LINCOLN (1809-1865) 1761 "Farewell Address at Springfield 1763 First Inaugural Address 1764 Reply to Horace Greeley 1770 Letter to General Joseph Hooker 1771 Letter to General U. S. Grant 1771 Address at the Dedication of the Gettysburg National Cemetery 1772 Second Inaugural Address 1773 FANNY FERN (1811-1872) 1774 Aunt Hetty on Matrimony 1775 Male Criticism on Ladies' Books 1776 The "Coming" Woman 1777
Contents xvii A Chapter for Parents 1778 The Working-Girls of New York 1779, HARRIET BEECHERSTOWE (1811-1896) 1780 Uncle Tom's Cabin; or Life among the Lowly 1782 Chapter VII: The Mother's Struggle 1782 Chapter XIX: Miss Ophelia's Experiences and Opinions, Continued 1790 Chapter XL: The Martyr 1794 Chapter XLI: The Young Master 1797 Oldtown Folks 1800 Miss Asphyxia 1800 HARRIET JACOBS (1813-1897) 1807 Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl 1809 VI: The Jealous Mistress 1809 XVII: The Flight 1813 XVIII: Months of Peril 1815 XIX: The Children Sold 1819 FREDERICK DOUGLASS (1817P-1895) 1821 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass 1822 Chapter I [Birth] 1822 Chapter VII [Learning to Read and Write] 1824 Chapter X [Mr. Covey] 1827 JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL (1819-1891) 1834 A Fable for Critics 1837. The Biglow Papers, First Series 1849 No. I: A Letter 1849 The Biglow Papers, Second Series 1855 Introduction: The Courtin' 1855 Ode Recited at the Harvard Commemoration 1858 ALICE CARY (1820-1871) 1868 The Wildermings 1869 ROSE TERRY COOKE (1827-1897) 1874 How Celia Changed Her Mind 1874 REBECCA HARDING DAVIS (1831-1910) 1887 Life in the Iron-Mills 1888 Pioneer of a New Poetry 1913 WALT WHITMAN (1819-1892) 1913 Preface to the 1855 Edition of Leaves of Grass 1916 Song of Myself 1930
xviii Contents CHILDREN OF ADAM Out of the Rolling Ocean the Crowd 1969 Once I Pass'd through a Populous City 1969 Facing West from California's Shores 1969 As Adam Early in the Morning 1970 CALAMUS For You O Democracy 1970 I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing 1970 I Hear It Was Charged against Me 1971 Crossing Brooklyn Ferry 1971 SEA-DRIFT Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking 1975 As I Ebb'd with the Ocean of Life 1980 To the Man-of-War-Bird 1982 BY THE ROADSIDE Gods 1982 When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer 1983 The Dalliance of the Eagles 1983 DRUM-TAPS Beat! Beat! Drums! 1984. Cavalry Crossing a Ford 1984 Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night 1985 A March in the Ranks Hard-Prest, and the Road Unknown 1985 A Sight in Camp in the Daybreak Gray and Dim 1986 The Wound-Dresser 1987 Look Down Fair Moon 1988 Reconciliation 1988 MEMORIES OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd 1989 AUTUMN RIVULETS There Was a Child Went Forth 1995 This Compost 1996 To a Common Prostitute 1997 Passage to India 1998 The Sleepers 2004 WHISPERS OF HEAVENLY DEATH Darest Thou Now O Soul 2010 Whispers of Heavenly Death 2011 Chanting the Square Deific 2011 A Noiseless Patient Spider 2013
Contents xix FROM NOON TO STARRY NIGHT To a Locomotive in Winter 2013, By Broad Potomac's Shore 2014 SONGS OF PARTING Joy, Shipmate, Joy! 2014 So Long! 2014 SECOND ANNEX: GOOD-BYE MY FANCY Good-bye My Fancy! ' 2016. Specimen Days 2017 After First Fredericksburg 2017 Patent-Office Hospital 2017 The White House by Moonlight 2018 The Wounded from Chancellorsville 2018 Unnamed Remains the Bravest Soldier 2019 Abraham Lincoln 2019 Virginia 2020 Summer of 1864 2020 The Inauguration 2021 Death of President Lincoln 2021 No Good Portrait of Lincoln 2022 Three Years Summ'd Up 2022 The Million Dead, Too, Summ'd Up 2023 Entering a Long Farm-Lane 2024 To the Spring and Brook 2024 Historical-Literary Timeline 2025 Bibliography 2031 Acknowledgments 2045 Index 2047