The Road to Revolution

The Road to Revolution

Unit 6 Vocab 1. Ad Interim Temporary 2. Annexation The act of adding or joining a territory to an existing one. 3. Artillery Mounted guns; cannons. 4. Bombard To attack often with artillery. 5. Cavalry Soldiers who are mounted on horseback. 6. Fortify To make stranger with a military defense. 7. Garrison Troops stationed at a military post. 8. Grievance complaint. 9. Infantry Soldiers who walk/march on foot. 10. Merciless No sympathy/ No lives spared. 11. Promissory Notes Written promise to pay back borrowed money. 12. Reinforcements To strengthen by adding more troops 13. Revenue The annual or current income of a government. 14. Skirmish A brief fight among a small number of troops.

Differences Arise Some settlers established their own : Newspapers schools Some settlers: Kept their own customs Did not become Catholic

States Rights Mexico s Constitution of 1824 Established states rights Placed the province of Texas in the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas Nationalist concerns increased hostilities

Edwards Brothers In 1825 Haden Edwards received a very large land grant in eastern Texas-near Nacogodoches. Required to honor previous land grants-but many did not have proof. After a bogus election the Governor reversed the election decision and took away the land grant. Edwards negotiated a treaty with the Cherokees.

Fredonian Rebellion Occured near Nacogdoches in 1826. Hayden and Benjamin Edwards and followers formed the Fredonian Republic. Stephen Austin s milita joined the Mexican government s troops to defeat the Fredonians.

An Attempt to Purchase Texas Mexican officials feared that the settlers had secret ties with the U.S. In 1826 U.S. president John Quincy Adams sent Joel Poinsett to Mexico with an offer buy all or part of Texas.

The Mier y Teran Report An increasing number of settlers from the U.S. the Fredonian Rebellion, and the offer to buy Texas fueled concerns of the Mexican nationalists. Mexico sent Manuel Mier y Teran, a commander in the Mexican army, to investigate the conditions in Texas.

Mier y Teran Report Teran reported that the Anglo settlers outnumbered the Mexican settlers 10 to 1. Noted that the United States influence was growing in Texas. Mexican President Vicente Guerrero responded by attempting to make Texas less attractive for future colonists.

Law of April 6, 1830 The Mexican Congress passed the Law of April 6, 1830 This act went against Constitution of 1824 It laid out very specific state s rights Americans could no longer come to Texas All Empresarial claims were cancelled Slavery was abolished in hopes it would deter any more Anglos from coming to Texas

The Law of April 6, 1830 Purpose was to control Texas colonists. Outlawed immigration from the U.S. to Texas and canceled all empresarial grants that had not been fulfilled. The United State could no longer colonize any Mexican border state This law also included other provisions designed to slow Anglo American immigration: Slaves could no longer be brought in work the fields New forts and presidios were built to stop illegal immigration A customs duty was placed on all goods entering Texas from the U.S.

The Law of April 6, 1830 The government encouraged Mexican and European settlers to relocate to Texas-the law of April 6, 1830 even provided land and money for these settlers. This law upset and alarmed Anglo Texans. The law also raised questions within the Mexican government. Increased the tensions between Texas and the Mexican government.

Bitter Division The Law of April 6, 1830 marked a turning point in the relationship between the Texas colonists and the Mexican Government. Mexican troops were sent to Texas to collect customs duties. Texans were upset at the presence of military force and the new taxes!

The Rise of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna President Bustamante had proven he was a centralist Supporter of strong national government Ignored Constitution of 1824 Angered Texans and was not in good favor with the State

Santa Anna s Early Career Was a cadet in Spanish Military Served in mission to defeat the Gutierrez-Magee expedition Shifted his loyalty from Spain to Mexico at the perfect time..gained favor with the new government

Santa Anna Santa Anna claimed he was not a centralist. He staged a revolution to oust President Bustamante. Stephen F. Austin helped to convince the Mexican government that the Texans were in favor of Santa Anna. Santa Anna lied and was actually a centralist. He wanted all power centralized in himself, not in states rights.

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John Davis Bradburn Mexican official directed to enforce laws Arrested Francisco Madero for issuing land titles Madero had not issued them to Americans, so he was not breaking the law

William T. Logan Showed up looking for his two slaves that had run away. Bradburn was housing them Hired lawyer William B. Travis to help him while he went to Louisiana to get his legal documents. Travis told a guard Logan had returned armed.

Bradburn Freaks!!! Logan never came and Bradburn looked silly Bradburn unlawfully arrested Travis and his law partner Settlers rose up and were ready to forcefully take Travis back Bradburn told them he would release them if the settlers would retreat.

Bradburn Freaks!!! Settlers retreated, Bradburn did not release Travis Bradburn reinforced while settlers were not there

Turtle Bayou Resolutions Settlers sent John Austin to Brazoria to bring back a cannon. Turtle Bayou Resolutions Colonists pledged their loyalty to Mexico and Santa Anna. Remember: Santa Anna was a centralist posing as a nationalist!

No More Bradburn Before Austin s return Colonel Jose de las Piedras showed up to survey the situation Saw how messed up everything was Dismissed Bradburn Released Travis and his partner Ended the argument peacefully, but this was an omen for violence to come.

Battle of Velasco John Austin has the cannon and he s on his way back to Brazoria. He and his men sail down the Brazos River toward the Gulf of Mexico. They arrive in Velasco. Colonel Urgartechea refuses to let the men pass through Velasco with the cannon. Fighting breaks out! First time Mexican and Texan troops fire at one another.

Convention of 1832 Texans met in San Felipe de Austin and drafted a set of resolutions. Texans pledge their support for the Constitution of 1824. Called for a repeal of the Law of April 6, 1830 and the customs duty. Repeal: to take away Wanted to allow U.S. immigration to Texas. Wanted the Mexican government to divide the state of Coahuila y Tejas and grant Texas statehood. Established a plan to create a militia. Donate government lands for public schools.

Convention of 1833 Same proposals at the Convention of 1832 EXCEPT they drafted a new Constitution. Mexican state of Texas! To the Mexican government, this looked like an act of defiance!

SFA is in Mexico SFA leaves for Mexico to take the new resolutions to the Mexican government. 1833 impatient SFA wrote a letter to his fellow Texans. The letter suggested the Texans establish a new state government. New state government would make Texas separate from Coahuila but still a part of Mexico. SFA meets with Santa Anna Santa Anna repealed the immigration law prohibiting immigrants from the U.S. Promised fair taxes on goods imported from the U.S. Rejected separate statehood for Texas.

SFA Arrested! Austin s letter to the Texans was intercepted. He was accused of treason. He was imprisoned in Mexico City for a year and never received a trial.

Conflict Escalates Texans soon found out that Santa Anna was a centralist and not a nationalist. He had a new constitution written that placed all the power in his hands! To squash any rebellion that might take place in Texas, Santa Anna sent General Cos to watch over Texas.

Battle of Gonzales General Urgartechea hears there is a 6 pound cannon in the town of Gonzales. Texans refused to return the cannon. When the Mexican army arrived, the Texans fired on the Mexicans forcing them to retreat to San Antonio. This battle showed that the Texans were willing to use military force if necessary. The Battle of Gonzales is the battle that began the revolution!

Siege of Bexar (San Antonio) Texans capture the city of San Antonio from General Cos. Texans believed the crisis was over. Santa Anna had other ideas!