Name: Date: Final Comprehensive Exam 2008-2009 Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer in the Student Answer Booklet. 1. What did the gatherers in hunter-gatherer societies gather? a. food b. building materials c. resources d. all of the above 1.04 1.04 2. Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of hunter-gatherer societies of the Paleolithic Age? a. use of fire b. metallurgy c. jewelry d. agriculture 1.07 3. Which of the following factors was the most important for the development of human civilizations from hunter-gatherer societies? a. use of fire b. metallurgy c. have a supply of fresh water for drinking d. agriculture 4. Which of the following is a characteristic of civilizations? a. food surpluses b. cities c. record keeping d. all of the above 1.15
1.05 5. Which of the following is the best word to put in the blank circle in the diagram of characteristics of hunter gatherer-societies below: Basic tools metallurgy Hunter-gatherers Use of fire a. agriculture b. cities c. jewelry d. plows 1.08 6. Which of the following is the best inference about what the Iceman s life was like? a. The Iceman was definitely a warrior due to the fact that he carried weapons. b. The Iceman was definitely one of the wealthiest people in his society because of the jewelry that was found on him. c. It seems likely that Iceman was from a powerful social class because he was found with items that very poor people would not have been able to afford. d. It seems likely that the Iceman was from a lower social class because he did not have enough warm clothes to survive in the cold. 7. Which of the following is the best definition of social class? a. A group of people with the same amount of power in a society. b. A group of people with the different amounts of power in a society. c. A group of people with the same kind of jobs in a society. d. all of the above. 8. Which of the following is the best definition of metallurgy? a. the craft of making metals b. a type of metal c. a person who creates metal d. all of the above 1.15 1.06
1.07 9. Which of the following best describes something that population growth leads to? Population growth a. less competition for resources b. less population in a society c. more competition for resources d. the end of hunter-gatherer societies 1.07 10. What would be the biggest advantage for survival of switching from a huntergatherer society to one that practices agriculture? a. agriculture allows a society to grow healthier food b. agriculture gives a society a larger and more stable supply of food c. agriculture allows a society to stay in one place for a long period of time d. agriculture allows a society to grow crops and domesticate animals 11. What does the word Paleolithic mean? a. old stone age b. new stone age c. ancient history d. archaeology 1.06 1.02 12. Many archaeologists believe that early hunters and gatherers migrated from Africa to Asia to North America. These ancient hunter-gatherers most likely did not have which of the following: a. hunting tools b. aqueducts c. baskets d. the use of fire 1.06 13. Which of the following artifacts would an ancient hunter-gatherer most likely NOT carry around? a. hand axe b. stone knife c. plow d. jewelry
1.07 14. Which of the following is the best explanation for why many early human societies settled near fresh water sources? a. fresh water sources allow people to grow crops more easily b. fresh water sources allow people to bathe easily c. fresh water sources provided relief from the intense heat d. fresh water sources allowed people to trade with other societies 1.05 15. Put the following developments in the history of human beings in order. I. civilization II. agriculture III. settlement in cities IV. hunter-gatherers a. IV, III, I, II b. III, IV, II, I c. IV, II, III, I d. II, III, IV, I 16. The picture below is best described as a : 2.08 a. ziggurat b. temple c. pyramid d. Parthenon 17. Which of the following is the best definition of polytheism? a. the belief in one god b. the belief in no gods c. the belief in many gods d. the belief in many religions 2.01
2.08 18. What is a ziggurat? a. a building that Mesopotamians built as a home for gods that they believed in. b. a palace in which the king of the city-state lived. c. a building that was built by the Egyptian pharaohs. d. a building that Mesopotamians built in Babylon as the palace for Hammurabi. 19. Mesopotamia had a written language. It was called: a. cuneiform b. hieroglyphics c. roman alphabet d. Greek 20. Mesopotamia is Greek for a. fertile crescent b. land between two rivers c. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers d. Babylon 21. The quotation below if from Hammurabi's Code: 2.07 2.01 2.1 If a son strikes his father, they shall cut off his hand... If [a man] has broken the bone of a man, they shall break his bone... If a man knocks out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out. Hammurabi's Code (ca. 1780 BC/BCE) Which principle of justice does this early code of law represent? a. trial by jury b. an eye for an eye c. might makes right d. innocent until proven guilty
22. The quotation below is from Hammurabi's Code: 2.1 If a noble has knocked out the tooth of another noble, they shall knock out his tooth. But if he has knocked out a commoner s tooth, he shall pay one-third mina of silver. Hammurabi's Code (ca. 1780 BC/BCE) Which idea of Babylonian society does this part of Hammurabi's Code of law show? a. all men were equal under the law b. fines were preferable to corporal punishment c. divisions existed between social classes d. violence was always punished with violence 23. Which of the objects below is a Mesopotamian cylinder seal? 2.09 a. b. c. d. 2.05 24. Which of the following inventions was the most important reason for the growth of the population in ancient Mesopoamia? a. the plow b. the cylinder seal c. the chariot d. Hammurabi s Code
25. Mesopotamians built ziggurats to be used as a. schools b. theaters c. burial chambers d. homes for their gods 26. The map below shows an empire in the ancient Middle East. 2.08 2.01 The border of which empire is shown on the map? a. Babylonian Empire b. Egyptian Empire c. Persian Empire d. Phoenician Empire
2.11 27. Which of the following is a primary source from ancient Mesopotamia? a. a novel about Hammurabi b. a Sumerian cuneiform tablet c. a textbook on Assyrian culture d. an encyclopedia article about Ur 2.1 28. How has the Tigris and Euphrates river valley affected settlement patterns in present-day Iraq? a. People settled in the river valley because of its cool climate. b. People settled in the river valley because of its fresh water and fertile soil. c. People built their cities away from the river valley to avoid polluted water. d. People built their cities in nearby mountains to avoid flooding in the river valley. 29.The Tigris and Euphrates river valley helped the Mesopotamians to a. grow large amounts of food b. have a reliable freshwater supply c. trade d. all of the above 30. To sign their names, the Sumerians of Mesopotamia used a a. cylinder seal b. pen c. signet ring d. stamps and ink pad 2.05 2.09
3.05 31. The diagram below contains information about the pharaohs of ancient Egypt. Which of the following best replaces X in the diagram? a. Educated the peasants b. Fought to abolish slavery c. Was considered to be a god d. Presided over a democratic assembly 3.02 32. Which of the following statements best explains why Cairo, Egypt, has grown into a large urban center? a. It is located near the Nile River. b. It is located east of Tripoli, Libya. c. It is located west of the Caspian Sea. d. It is located north of Mount Kilimanjaro. 33. Ancient Egypt was governed by a series of dynasties. When a dynasty collapsed, a new pharaoh emerged to found a new dynasty. Which of the following is the best definition of the term dynasty? a. a powerful family that rules over many generations b. a powerful family that rules during one generation c. a very powerful ruler who rules for a long time d. a very powerful ruler who rules for a short time 3.05
3.02 34. Which of the following is the best explanation of why the Nile River Delta was important for the development of Egyptian civilization? a. The Nile River Delta had a cool climate. b. The Nile River Delta had fresh water and fertile soil. c. The area around the Nile River Delta was not polluted. d. The Nile River Delta avoided flooding that occurred in other parts of Egypt. 3.06 35. Which of the following pharaohs was the most famous female ruler of Egypt? a. Amenhotep b. Ramses c. Hatshepsut d. Tutankhammen 36. What was the purpose of Egyptian hieroglyphs? a. they were mainly pictures used to represent gods b. they were mainly art work that decorated the pyramids c. they were mainly pictures that were also letters and sounds d. they were mainly pictures that decorated the Book of the Dead 3.11
37. Which of the following is an image of the Sphinx? 3.13 a. b. c. d. 3.13 38. Which of the following sentences best describes the purpose of the pyramids at Giza? a. The pyramids were a palace for the ruling dynasty. b. The pyramids were a tomb for the pharaoh. c. The pyramids were a military center. d. The pyramids were a religious temple, usually built for Osiris. 3.07 39. Which of the following best describes the Egyptian Book of the Dead? a. The Book of the Dead described why it is that an individual died. b. The Book of the Dead described the horrible things that happened to people in the afterlife. c. The Book of the Dead described the Egyptian concept of heaven. d. The Book of the Dead described what Egyptians believed happened to people after they died.
40. Cuneiform and hieroglyphics were important achievements in the development of a. written language b. religious beliefs c. agricultural production d. representative government. 3.11 3.02 41. Which geographic factor had a major influence on the development of both Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations? a. river valleys b. cool temperatures c. locations near a strait d. mountains 42. The Egyptian god of writing is a. Thoth b. Zeus c. Athena d. Anubis 43. Which of the following groups was highest social class in Egypt? a. priests b. peasants c. artisans d. gods 3.07 3.03 3.09 44. Which of the following statements about mummification in Egypt are true? I. The majority of Egyptians were mummified after they died. II. Only upper class Egyptians and pharaohs were mummified after they died. III. Animals were occasionally mummified. IV. It required a lot of skill to mummify a dead body. a. I, II, III b. I, III, IV c. II, III IV d. I, II, IV
3.19 45. Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between Egypt and Kush/Nubia? a. They were all city-states. b. They were only trading partners. c. They were usually rivals, but occasionally allies. d. Egypt and Kush/Nubia had nothing to do with each other! 46. Which of the following individuals believed in monotheism? a. Augustus b. Abraham c. Julius Caesar d. Mark Antony 47. Which of the following best describes the religion of the Israelites? a. polytheism b. Christianity c. monotheism d. atheism 4.02 4.03 4.05 48. Which of the following did the religion of the Israelites most emphasize? a. individual worth and responsibility b. that people must worship the emperor as a living god c. that people must worship the pharaoh as a living god d. all of the above 49. Put the following kings in order, starting with the oldest: 4.06 I. Solomon II. David III. Saul a. I, II, III b. I, III, II c. II, I, III d. III, II, I
50. Which of the following is Moses most connected with? a. The 10 Commandments b. The Greeks c. The Romans d. The Mesopotamians 51. Which of the following is true about the Code of Hammurabi? a. it treated the rich better than the poor b. it was based on the idea of an eye for an eye c. it had only 10 main laws d. a and b only 52. Which city did Romulus and Remus supposedly found? a. Athens b. Rome c. Sparta d. Jerusalem 4.11 4.04 4.09 4.04 53. Complete the following sentence: The Romans most important laws were called the Tables a. 10 b. 100 c. 15 d. 12 54. What is the best definition of Diaspora? a. a group of people that decide to move for fun b. a group of people that have been exiled from their home country c. a group of people that have been conquered by another country d. a group of people that have been attacked and destroyed 55. Which civilization was Pericles from? a. Athens b. Egypt c. Sparta d. Rome 4.12 4.02
5.01 56. Greece s mountainous land and its series of small islands influenced the ancient Greeks to develop a. a political system based on independent and really different city-states. b. a culture that was exactly the same in all the city-states c. a society in which women had full rights d. a society that was totally isolated from all other places 57. 5.06 We regard an individual who takes no interest in public affairs not as harmless, but as useless. Pericles Funeral Oration The quotation above illustrates the importance ancient Athenians placed on individual participation in the a. education of young children b. religious rituals of the community c. political process of the city-state d. economic activities of the household. 58. The legacy of ancient Greek epics, such as the Odyssey, continues to provide people with a. accurate descriptions of historical events. b. heroic figures and great adventures. c. real life stories about everyday people. d. objective studies of ancient civilizations. 59. 5.23 5.2 atlas a collection of maps herculean very powerful labyrinth a maze olympian majestic, honored All of these words used in the English language today originated in myths of the a. Egyptians b. Israelites c. Greeks d. Mesopotamians.
60. Ancient Greeks used myths about their gods primarily to a. strike fear in their enemies. b. explain events in the natural world. c. justify their type of government. d. undermine the Persian religion. 61. How did the rise to power and reign of Alexander most affect Greece? a. He established a peaceful relationship with the Persian Empire. b. He strengthened greatly the idea of democracy. c. He conquered Rome and spread Roman ideas to Greece. d. He unified Greece, conquered much of Asia, and started an empire. 5.16 5.15 5.12 62. The excerpt below concerns the role of women in ancient Greek society. Your duty will be to remain indoors and send out those servants whose work is outside, and superintend those who are to work indoors, and to receive the incomings, and distribute so much of them as must be spent, and watch over so much as is to be kept in store, and take care that the sum laid by for a year be not spent in a month. Xenophon, Oeconomicus (5 th century BC/BCE) Translated by E.C. Marchant (1923) Which of the following was a major responsibility of women in 5 th century BC/BCE Athens? a. the education of young men b. the development of business c. the formation of public policy d. the management of the household
63. The box below lists some battles. 5.13 Battle of Marathon Battle of Thermopylae Battle of Salamis Battle of Plataea During which of the following wars did all of these battles take place? a. the Trojan War b. the Gallic Wars c. the Persian Wars d. the Peloponnesian War 5.04 64. The city-states of ancient Greece spread Greek culture to areas around the Mediterranean Sea by a. conquering Rome b. establishing colonies c. uniting with Carthage d. building roads for armies 5.14 65. The Peloponnesian War ended the Golden Age of which Greek city-state? a. Athens b. Mycenae c. Sparta d. Troy 5.17 66. Which of the following was the main reason the Greeks held the Olympic Games? a. to encourage trade b. to establish colonies c. to spread Greek culture d. to honor the Greek god Zeus 5.15 67. Alexander conquered civilizations on all of the following continents EXCEPT a. Asia b. Africa c. Europe d. North America
68. Life in Sparta put the most emphasis on a. personal responsibility b. military service c. civic participation d. expanding the Spartan empire 5.1 5.15 69. Alexander the Great was important for the history of human civilization because a. he conquered a large amount of territory, larger than any other empire that has ever existed b. he ended the power of the Greek city-states, creating a unified Greece for the first time in history c. he spread Greek culture all across Asia and Africa, and brought Asian and African ideas back to Europe d. he was the wealthiest person whoever lived after conquering the Persian Empire 70. Which of the following people was not a Greek philosopher? a. Socrates b. Homer c. Plato d. Aristotle 5.23 6.11 71. The government of the Roman Republic was characterized by all of the following features except a. the rule of law. b. separation of powers. c. the idea of civic duty. d. voting rights for women. 72. According to Roman tradition, who were Romulus and Remus? a. Roman gods b. Roman emperors c. enemies of Rome d. founders of Rome 6.04
6.05 73. Which of the following shows the major time periods of Roman history, in the correct order? I. Roman Empire II. Roman Settlement III. Roman Republic a. I, II, III b. I, III, II c. II, I, III d. II, III, I 6.12 74. Which of the following lists most accurately describes the territory that the Roman Empire eventually controlled? a. Italy, Gaul, Egypt, Judea, Carthage b. Italy, all of Africa, Gaul, Judea, Carthage c. Italy, Gaul, Egypt, Judea, China d. Italy, Gaul, Egypt, Mesopotamia and China 6.08 75. The class of people in Rome who had a lot of money, land, and power were a. patricians b. plebeians c. slaves d. a and b 6.05 76. A Republic is different from a democracy because in a republic a. people vote on all of the decisions b. people vote for representatives who then make the decisions c. people do not get to vote, the next leader is chosen by the current leader d. people do not get to vote, the leadership is hereditary (passed down) 6.16 77. Which of the following people was the leader of a slave revolt in Rome? a. Spartacus b. Crassus c. Cato d. Lepidus
The maps and images that follow relate to ancient Rome. First you will answer three multiple-choice questions. Then you will answer three parts of an open-response question about the rise of Rome as the dominant power in the Mediterranean region.
6.11 78. Which of the following led armies of the Roman Republic into battle during times of war? a. consuls b. gladiators c. helots d. hoplites 79. Who was the Roman general who conquered Gaul in 50 BC/BCE? a. Augustus Caesar b. Julius Caesar c. Hadrian d. Pericles 80. Hannibal was a general in which of the following armies? a. the army of Gaul b. the army of Rome c. the army of Carthage d. the army of Britannia 6.13 6.05
81. Write your answer to the following open-response question in the space provided in your Student Answer Booklet. Rome became the dominant power in the Mediterranean region for many reasons. a. Identify two reasons that Rome became the dominant power in the Mediterranean region. Support your answer with at least two references to the information from the maps, images, and your knowledge of ancient Rome. b. Explain how each of the reasons you identified in part (a) contributed to Rome s dominance. Support your answer with at least two references to the information from the maps, images, and your knowledge of ancient Rome. c. Explain how Rome s domination affected the conquered people of the Mediterranean region. Support your answer with at least two references to the information from the maps, images, and your knowledge of ancient Rome. Dominant: (adj.) very strong and powerful; ruling others Domination: (n.) being very strong and powerful; ruling others Use any space that you need on the first and second page to brainstorm and outline!
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