What It is Romans 1:1-4 The Gospel v1 The Preacher v2 The Promise v3-4 The Person v5-7 The Provision & Purpose v8-17 The Pattern 1 Corinthians 15:1-8 1. Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures 2. He was buried Documentary Evidence 3. He was raised on the third day from the dead according to the Scriptures Direct Evidence 4. He appeared to Cephas, the 12, >500 brethren at one time, Evidence to James, all the apostles, & last of all to Paul Declaration against Declaration against Penal Interest Peculiar Interest Corroborative Christ s Death in the OT Exodus 12:1-3, 21-28, cf John 1:29; Luke 22:15-20; 1Cor 5:7 Psalm 22:1-18; Isaiah 53:1-12 cf Matt 27:27-53; Mark 15:13-39; Luke 23:33-49; John 19:17-37 Christ s Resurrection as Prophesied in the OT Acts 2:23-36 cf Psalm 16:8-11 Matt 12:38-40 cf Jonah 1:17; 2:10 The Gospel of Jesus Christ How to Preach It Peter s Preaching 1. Acts 2:22-40 to Jews 2. Acts 3:11-26 to Jews 3. Acts 4:8-13 to Jews Common Factors: 1. Humanity & Deity of Christ 2. His Death, Burial, Resurrection & Appearances 3. Use of OT / Scriptures 4. Sin of the people indicted, personal accountability 5. Personal Witness 6. Call to repentance Paul s Preaching 1. Acts 13:14-52 to Jews 2. Acts 17:16-34 to Gentiles How to Refute Those who Deny A. The Bodily Resurrection of Jesus Christ Matthew 12:39-40; Luke 24:36-43; John 2:18-21; John 20:26-27 The Resurrection is proof that (a) Jesus was the Son of God with power (Rom 1:4), (b) that His sacrifice was acceptable to God (Rom 4:24-25) Belief in Christ s Resurrection is fundamental to the Christian Faith If No Resurrection (1Cor 15:12-19) if Christ has not been raised, your faith is worthless, you are still in your sins John 1:1, 14 B. The Deity of Christ John 8:58-59; Exodus 3:14; John 8:24 John 10:30-33; Hebrews 1:3; Colossians 2:9; 1:15-19; John 20:28-29 John 17:5; Isaiah 42:8 Isaiah 7:14; Matthew 1:21-23; Isaiah 9:6 Isaiah 43:10-11; Micah 5:2; Luke 2:4-7, 10-11 Isaiah 44:6; Revelation 1:7, 8, 17-18
Christ s Death as Prophesied in the OT Exodus 12:1-3, 21-28 The 1 st Passover v1-3 Lamb chosen on 10 th day of Nisan v21-28 blood on door provides escape from God s judgment John 1:29 Jesus identified by John the Baptist as the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world! Luke 22:15-20 The Institution of the Lord s Supper 1 st cup of Sanctification; handwashing cf feetwashing Sop handed to Judas 2 nd cup of Judgment son s Q (Ex 12:26) Ps 113-114 sung Loaves broken, afikomen, meal eaten Children find afikomen 3 rd cup of Redemption New Covenant in Jesus blood 4 th cup of Praise Ps 115-118 sung 1Cor 5:7 Christ our Passover has been Sacrificed Psalm 22:1-18 Prophecy of Messiah s Death v1-10 Christ s Spiritual Agonies v11-18 Christ s Physical Agonies Isaiah 53:1-12 The Suffering Servant v1-3 His Person Despised v4-6 His Passion Misunderstood v7-9 His Perseverance Remarkable v10-12 His Prize Justification of many The Crucifixion Accounts Matthew 27:27-53; Mark 15:13-39; Luke 23:33-49; John 19:17-37 Christ s Resurrection as Prophesied in the OT Acts 2:23-36 v23 Jesus Death is God s plan v24 His Resurrection is Inevitable v25-28 The Prophecy by David v29-36 The Application to Jesus Psalm 16:8-11 Matthew 12:38-40 the sign of Jonah alone given to an evil & adulterous generation SIGN: as Jonah was 3 days & 3 nights in the belly of the sea monster, so shall the Son of Man be 3 days & 3 nights in the heart of the earth Jonah 1:17 a great fish swallowed Jonah, & he was in the stomach of the fish 3 days & 3 nights Jonah 2:10 the fish vomited Jonah onto dry land The Seven Sayings of Jesus on the Cross 1. Father, forgive them; for they do not know what they are doing (Luke 23:34) 2. Woman, behold your son!, Behold your mother! (John 19:26-27) 3. I am thirsty (John 19:28) 4. Truly I say to you, today, you shall be with Me in Paradise (Luke 23:43) DARKNESS from 12pm to 3pm (Matthew 27:45; Mark 15:33; Luke 23:44) 5. My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me? (Matthew 27:46; Mark 15:34) 6. It is finished (John 19:30) 7. Father, into Thy hands I commit My spirit (Luke 23:46)
Peter s Preaching How To Preach the Gospel Paul s Preaching 1. Acts 2:22-40 Explanation of Pentecost Jesus the Nazarene, a man attested to you by God with miracles, wonders & signs delivered up by the predetermined plan & foreknowledge of God, you nailed to the cross by the hands of godless men & put Him to death God raised Him up again His resurrection prophesied in the OT Jesus exalted to God s right hand poured forth the Holy Spirit God made Him both Lord & Christ Invitation: repent, be baptized, be saved 2. Acts 3:11-26 Explanation of Healing of Man Lame from Birth to the Multitude God glorified His servant Jesus, whom you delivered up & disowned & put to death God raised Him from the dead, a fact to which we are witnesses Repent & return that your sins may be wiped away OT Jesus is the Prophet like Moses; Gen 12:3 3. Acts 4:8-13 Testimony to the Jewish Leaders By the name of Jesus Christ the Nazarene, whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead, by this name this man stands before you in good health OT He is the stone rejected by you There is salvation in non one else; for there is no other name under heaven that has been given among men, by which we must be saved 1. Acts 13:14-52 to Jews at Pisidion Antioch reviews Jewish History, John the Baptist s testimony to Jesus use of OT / Scriptures His death, resurrection & appearances Offer of salvation warning against rejecting the message 2. Acts 17:16-34 to Greek Philosophers on Mars Hill begun with their religiosity / altar to the unknown God begun from Creation quoted their own poets introduced Jesus, the man whom God appointed to judge proof: He raised Him up from the dead Common Factors: 1. Humanity & Deity of Christ 2. His Death, Burial, Resurrection & Appearances 3. Use of OT / Scriptures 4. Sin of the people indicted, personal accountability 5. Personal Witness 6. Call to repentance
How to Refute Those who Deny The Bodily Resurrection of Jesus Christ Matthew 12:39-40 The Sign given the Son of Man shall be 3 days & 3 nights in the heart of the earth Luke 24:36-43 The Appearance of Jesus to the 11, those with them, Cleopas & companion in the Upper Room What If There is No Resurrection of the Dead (1Corinthians 15:12-19) 1. not even Christ has been raised (v13, 16) 2. our preaching is vain [kenos = senseless, foolish, of no purpose, without result] (v14) See My hands & My feet, that it is I Myself; touch Me & see; for a spirit does not have flesh & bones as you see that I have (v39-40) He ate broiled fish in their presence (v41-43) John 2:18-21 The Sign given to Jews Destroy this temple (His body), & in 3 days I will raise it up John 20:26-27 Appearance to Thomas & the disciples Reach here your finger, and see My hands; and reach here your hand, and put it into My side; and be not unbelieving, but believing. The Resurrection is proof that (a) Jesus was the Son of God with power (Rom 1:4), (b) that His sacrifice was acceptable to God (Rom 4:24-25) Belief in the Resurrection of Jesus Christ is fundamental to the Christian Faith 3. your faith is also vain [ kenos] (v14), and worthless [mataios = futile, useless] (v17) 4. we are false witnesses [pseudomartus=one who gives false testimony] of God (v15) 5. you are [pres act ind, eimi] still in your sins (v17) 6. those who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished [aor mid ind, apollumi, to perish (delivered up to eternal misery)] (v18) 7. if we have hoped in Christ in this life only, we are of all men most to be pitied [eleeinos = to be pitied, pitiable, miserable, wretched] (v19) if Christ has not been raised, your faith is worthless, you are still in your sins
How to Deal with Those who Refute The Deity of Christ His Eternal Existence John 1:1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. His Incarnation John 1:14 And the Word became flesh, & dwelt among us, & we beheld His glory, glory as of the only begotten of the Father, full of grace & truth. His Claim to be Yahweh, the I am John 8:58-59 before Abraham was born, I am Exodus 3:14 God said to Moses, I AM WHO I AM John 8:24 you shall die in your sins; for unless you believe that I am, you shall die in your sins His Claim to be God John 10:30-33 Jesus said, I and the Father are one & the Jews wanted to stone Him for claiming to be God His Essential Nature and Work Hebrews 1:3 He is the radiance of His glory & the exact representation of His nature, & upholds all things by the word of His power. When He had made purification of sins, He sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on High He is God in Human Flesh Colossians 2:9 For in Him all the fulness of Deity dwells in bodily form He is Creator God, the Preeminent One Colossians 1:15-19 And He is the image of the invisible God, the first-born of all creation. For by Him all things were created - all things have been created by Him & for Him. And He is before all things, & in Him all things hold together. He is also head of the body, the church; & He is the beginning, the first-born from the dead; so that He Himself might come to have first place in everything. For it was the Father s good pleasure for all the fulness to dwell in Him His Deity is Acknowledged by His Disciples John 20:28-29 Thomas said, My Lord and My God Jesus has the Glory of God John 17:5 And now, glorify Thou Me together with Thyself, Father, with the glory which I had with Thee before the world was. Isaiah 42:8 I am the LORD, that is My name; I will not give My glory to another, Nor My praise to graven images. His Virgin Birth Prophesied Isaiah 7:14 Therefore the Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold, a virgin will be with child & bear a son, & she will call His name Immanuel Matthew 1:21-23 its fulfillment Isaiah 9:6 -For a child will be born to us, a son will be given to us; And the government will rest on His shoulder; And His name will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Eternal Father, Prince of Peace. The Only Savior / His Place of Birth Prophesied Isaiah 43:10-11 Before Me there was no God formed, And there will be none after Me. I, even I, am the LORD; And there is no savior besides Me. Micah 5:2 From you (Bethlehem Ephrathah) One will go forth for Me to be ruler in Israel. His goings forth are from long ago, From the days of eternity. Luke 2:4-7, 10-11 Its Fulfillment For today in the city of David there has been born for you a Savior, who is Christ the Lord Jesus is the First and the Last Isaiah 44:6 I am the LORD, the King of Israel And His Redeemer, the LORD of hosts: I am the first and the last, And there is no God besides Me. Rev 1:7, 8, 17-18 Behold, He is coming with the clouds, & every eye will see Him, even those who pierced Him; & all the tribes of the earth will mourn over Him. Even so. Amen. I am the Alpha & the Omega, says the Lord God, who is & who was & who is to come, the Almighty. I am the first & the last, & the living One; & I was dead, & behold, I am alive forevermore, & I have the keys of death & of Hades.
Time: Lev 23:5-1 st month at twilight (Ex 12:6) Ex 12:14 - a permanent ordinance Deut 16:6 - in the evening at sunset at the time you came out of Egypt Place: Deut 16:5 not in any of your towns 6 but at the place the LORD chooses to establish His name Details 1. The Passover Lamb (Ex 12:1-14) 10 th day - choose an unblemished male kid / lamb (v3-5) 14 th day - kill it at twilight (v6) - put blood on 2 doorposts & lintel (v7) - eat flesh that same night roasted with fire (v8,9) - eat with unleavened bread & bitter herbs (v8) - eat with loins girded & in haste Why? It is the LORD s Passover (v11) 2. The LORD s Passover I will go through Egypt on that night & will strike down all the first-born both man & beast I will execute judgment against all the gods of Egypt (v12) The blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you live (v13) When I see the blood I will pass over you & no plague will destroy you (v13) 3. Its Significance a. Present blood = sign that you re under God s protection / covenant no judgment / no plague this day = memorial (v14) - of God delivering His people from bondage to Egypt - of God s protection in the midst of judgment - to remember the day you came out of Egypt in haste (Deut 16:3) Passover = Crucifixion b. Future Passover Fulfillments: 1. The Lamb Jesus = the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29) 2. The Lamb Chosen & The Lamb Slain 10 th Nisan = Triumphal entry (John 12:1, 12-13) the Lamb on display 14 th Nisan = Crucifixion (Matthew 26:1-2) the Lamb slain 3. The Blood 1 Peter 1:18-19 we are redeemed with previous blood as of a lamb unblemished & spotless = the blood of Christ 4. The Passover 6pm 6pm 6pm 14 Nisan 15 Nisan Sadducees Pharisees (Ex, Lev, Num) 1 6am 2 6am Northern Southern dating dating or official dating 5. The Memorial (Luke 22:15-20) The Lord s Supper inaugurated 1 Cor 11:26 to commemorate Jesus death 1 Cor 11:25 to commemorate the New Covenant in His blood 6. Our Response 1. Celebrate the feast not with the leaven of malice & wickedness but with the unleavened bread of sincerity & truth (1 Cor 5:8) 2. Do this in remembrance of Jesus (Luke 22:19; 1 Cor 11:24, 25) 3. Proclaim the Lord s death until He comes (1 Cor 11:26)
When: the day after the regular Saturday Sabbath (Lev 23:11) can be 2-6 days after Passover Sunday Mon Tues Wed Thur a perpetual statue (Lev 23:14) Sabbath Feast of F.F. Fri Sat Sunday What: - bring in sheaf of first-fruits to priests (Lev 23:10) (barley harvest = food for the poor = 1 st grain to ripen after winter - priest waves sheaf before the LORD for you to be accepted (Lev 23:11) - offers burnt offering of a male lamb 1 year old without defect (Lev 23:12) grain offering & a libation (Lev 23:13) - no eating of bread or roasted grain until offering is done (Lev 23:14) Present Significance God s faithfulness to provide after the long winter months Future Significance Christ = the First-fruits (1 Cor 15:20) Then those who are Christ s at His Coming (1 Cor 15:23) Resurrection Accounts 1. Matthew 28:1-8 2. Luke 23:44-24:6 3. John 20:1-18 4. Hebrews 9:11-12 harvest Feast of First-fruits Fulfillment Matthew 12:40 & Jonah 1:17 3 days & 3 nights in the heart of the earth John 2:18-22 sign / proof of Jesus Messiahship was His resurrection on the 3 rd day eating of Passover meal (John 13-17) 13 Nisan 14 Nisan 15 Nisan 16 Nisan 17 Passover 1 st day of U.B. Prep Day = Annual Sabbath Mk 16:1 Luke 23:54 Lk 23:54 John 19:31 women buy & prepare spices Regular Sabbath 1. The first Passover is celebrated on the 14th of Nisan (Exodus 12:6) 2. Subsequent changes were made to the Passover. Over time, the majority, including the Pharisees, celebrated Passover on 15 th Nisan, while the Sadducees and Jesus celebrated Passover on 14 th Nisan. 3. Passover has several names: Preparation Day (Mark 15:42), the 1 st day of Unleavened Bread (Mark 14:1,12; Matthew 26:17; Luke 22:1, 7)
9Nisan Fri Jn 12:1-3 6 days before Passover 12pm 10 Nisan Sat 11 Nisan Sun 12 Nisan Mon 13 Nisan Tue 14 Nisan Wed Passover Preparation Day 15 Nisan Thurs Peter s 3 Judas Copyright Cecilia Perh 2002 denials hangs himself 6 am 6 am 6 am 6 am 6 am 6 am 6 am 9Nisan Fri Lamb Chosen 16 Nisan Fri 17 Nisan Sat Feast of Unleavened Bread 18 Nisan Sun Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 6 pm 6 pm 6 pm 6 pm 6 pm 6 pmlk 23:54 6 pm 6 pm 6 pm 6 pm Supper at Weeps over Bethany Jerusalem Olivet Sabbath about Mk 16:1 Mt 28:1 to begin when the after the Discourse Regular Widow s mite Holy Sabbath Crucifixion Sabbath Sabbaths was over Convocation Regular Woes against 2 days off Anointing Annual Sabbath Firstfruits Sad. + Ph. by Mary Plot to kill David s Jesus Sabbath Pharisees Son? at Bethany John 19:31 Jesus plan to kill Laz. R Anointing appears to high day 10 Greatest C by woman R disciples E E R S S E Judas T 7 brothers + agrees T S T Israel 1 wife to Jesus appears to rejects betray Parables 2 on Jesus as Lk 23:56 Emmaus Messiah Cleansing on the of Temple Jesus authority Sabbath Jesus day they Jesus challenged appears foretells His rested to Peter death Mk 11:11 to Bethany 12am 12pm 12am 12pm 12am 12pm 12am 12pm 12am 12pm 12am 12pm 12am 12pm 12am 12pm 12am 12pm Greeks seek Jesus Jn 12:12-19 Triumphal Entry 10 Nisan Sat Mk 11:12 the next day Mk 11:19 to Bethany Fig Tree Cursed 11 Nisan Sun Mk 11:20 in in the morning Fig Tree Withers 12 Nisan Mon Lk 21:37 Slept on Mt of Olives Preparations for Passover (3-5pm lambs slain) 13 Nisan Tue Lord s Supper Jn 13-17 Gethsemane betrayal arrest 3 Jewish trials 1.Annas 2.Ceiaphas + elders 3.whole Council Crucifixion Burial Death Darkness 14 Nisan Wed Mt 27:62 the next day, Ch. P + P ask for a guard complaint about inscription Mk 15:25 3 Romans trials 1.Pilate 2.Herod 3.Pilate 16:1 Women buy spices Lk 23:56 Women prepares spices & perfumes Mt 12:40 Son of Man in the heart of the earth 3 days + 3 nights 15 Nisan Thurs Jn 2:19 destroy this temple & in 3 days I will raise it up 6 am 16 Nisan Fri 6 am 17 Nisan Sat Mt 28:1 MM + M came to look at grave soldiers report to chief priest Jesus appears to women Jesus appears to MM angels appear to women / take off MM runs to P+J women came with spices 6 am 18 Nisan Sun