correlated to the Massachussetts Learning Standards for Geometry C14

Transcription

1 correlated to the Massachussetts Learning Standards for Geometry C14 12/

2 McDougal Littell Geometry 2004 correlated to the Massachussetts Learning Standards for Geometry Note: The parentheses at the end of a learning standard contain the code number for the corresponding standard in the two-year grade spans. Geometry Analyze characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes and develop mathematical arguments about geometric relationships Specify locations and describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry and other representational systems Apply transformations and use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems Students engage in problem solving, communicating, reasoning, connecting, and representing as they: G.G.1 Recognize special types of polygons (e.g., isosceles triangles, parallelograms, and rhombuses). Apply properties of sides, diagonals, and angles in special polygons; identify their parts and special segments (e.g., altitudes, midsegments); determine interior angles for regular polygons. Draw and label sets of points such as line segments, rays, and circles. Detect symmetries of geometric figures. PE: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, , 242, 254, 255, 272, 275, 277, 279, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286, 315, , 329, , , 345, 346, , 355, , 363, , 370, 380, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 389, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 415, 416, 418, 420, 449, 450, 550, , 583, 585, 637, 639, 642, 645, 648, 652, 662, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 690, 708, 711, 803, 809, 810, 811, 813, 814, 823 TE: 1A-F, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 25, 190A-F, , 242, 254, 255, 260A-F, 272, 275, 277, 279, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286, 315, , 318A-F, 329, , , 345, 346, , 355, , 363, , 370, 380, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 389, 392A-F, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 415, 416, 418, 420, 449, 450, 524A-F, 550, , 583, 585, 592A-F, 637, 639, 642, 645, 648, 652, 658A-F, 662, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, 674, 675, 690, 708, 711, 803, 809, 810, 811, 813, 814, 823 Page 1

3 G.G.2 Write simple proofs of theorems in geometric situations, such as theorems about congruent and similar figures, parallel or perpendicular lines. Distinguish between postulates and theorems. Use inductive and deductive reasoning, as well as proof by contradiction. Given a conditional statement, write its inverse, converse, and contrapositive. PE: 71-77, 86, 87-94, 95, , 107, 108, , 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 135, , 144, 147, 148, 149, , 156, 157, 158, 162, 163, 183, 187, 190, 196, 200, 201, 204, 208, , , 227, , 235, 237, 238, 240, 241, , 250, 253, 254, 255, 265, 266, 269, 270, 277, 284, 288, 292, 296, 300, 301, , 312, 313, 332, 334, 335, 336, , 346, 349, 350, 353, 354, 355, 361, 362, 363, 365, 366, 368, 369, 370, 379, 383, 385, 387, 389, 402, 405, 408, 413, 417, 419, 421, 426, 470, 478, 481, 485, 486, , 504, 517, 519, 528, 533, 535, 540, 547, 548, 556, 557, 565, 572, 580, 598, 601, 610, 618, 619, 626, 627, 629, 634, 666, 667, 669, 680, 805, 806, 807, 809, 810, 813, 818 TE: 68A-F, 71-77, 86, 87-94, 95, , 107, 108, , 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 126A-F, 135, , 144, 147, 148, 149, , 156, 157, 158, 162, 163, 183, 187, 190A-F, 196, 200, 201, 204, 208, , , 227, , 235, 237, 238, 240, 241, , 250, 253, 254, 255, 260A-F, 265, 266, 269, 270, 277, 284, 288, 292, 296, 300, 301, , 312, 313, 318A-F, 332, 334, 335, 336, , 346, 349, 350, 353, 354, 355, 361, 362, 363, 365, 366, 368, 369, 370, 379, 383, 385, 387, 389, 392A-F, 402, 405, 408, 413, 417, 419, 421, 426, 454A-F, 470, 478, 481, 485, 486, , 504, 517, 519, 524A-F, 528, 533, 535, 540, 547, 548, 556, 557, 565, 572, 580, 592A-F, 598, 601, 610, 618, 619, 626, 627, 629, 634, 658A-F, 666, 667, 669, 680, 805, 806, 807, 809, 810, 813, 818 G.G.3 Apply formulas for a rectangular coordinate system to prove theorems. PE: , 250, 254, 288, 291, 341, 343, 344, 350, 354, 355, 357, 360, 363, 365, 368, 384, 385, 813 TE: 190A-F, , 250, 254, 260A-F, 288, 291, 318A-F, 341, 343, 344, 350, 354, 355, 357, 360, 363, 365, 368, 384, 385, 813 Page 2

4 G.G.4 Draw congruent and similar figures using a compass, straightedge, protractor, or computer software. Make conjectures about methods of construction. Justify the conjectures by logical arguments. (10.G.2) PE: 159, 160, 161, 205, 211, 213, 218, 228, 231, 234, 247, 395, 403, 407, 408, 409, 411, 413, 417, 419, 426, 429, 430, 433, 434, 436, 439, 442, 443, 444, 446, 447, , 477, 478, 480, 493, 497, 507, 509, 511, 512, 514 TE: 126A-F, 159, 160, 161, 190A-F, 205, 211, 213, 218, 228, 231, 234, 247, 392A-F, 395, 403, 407, 408, 409, 411, 413, 417, 419, 426, 429, 430, 433, 434, 436, 439, 442, 443, 444, 446, 447, , 454A-F, 477, 478, 480, 493, 497, 507, 509, 511, 512, 514 G.G.5 Apply congruence and similarity correspondences (e.g., ABC XYZ) and properties of the figures to find missing parts of geometric figures, and provide logical justification. (10.G.4) PE: , 210, 211, 240, 253, 257, 472, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 482, 483, 485, 486, 487, 490, 491, 493, 494, 495, 496, 498, 500, 501, 503, 504, 508, 511, 518, 519, 520, 521, 810, 817, 816 TE: 190A-F, , 210, 211, 240, 253, 257, 454A-F, 472, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 482, 483, 485, 486, 487, 490, 491, 493, 494, 495, 496, 498, 500, 501, 503, 504, 508, 511, 518, 519, 520, 521, 810, 817, 816 G.G.6 Apply properties of angles, parallel lines, arcs, radii, chords, tangents, and secants to solve problems. PE: 26-31, 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44-50, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 108, , 116, 120, 121, 122, 123, , 142, , 149, , 156, , 164, , 171, 178, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, , 602, , 612, , 620, , 627, 628, , 635, 647, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 804, 806, 807, 808, 821, 822 TE: 1A-F, 26-31, 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44-50, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68A-F, 108, , 116, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126A-F, , 142, , 149, , 156, , 164, , 171, 178, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 592A-F, , 602, , 612, , 620, , 627, 628, , 635, 647, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 804, 806, 807, 808, 821, 822 Page 3

5 G.G.7 Solve simple triangle problems using the triangle angle sum property, and/or the Pythagorean theorem. (10.G.5) PE: 193, 197, 199, 200, 210, 237, 239, 240, 252, 254, 255, 256, 257, , 541, 549, , 582, 585, 809, 810, 819 TE: 190A-F, 193, 197, 199, 200, 210, 237, 239, 240, 252, 254, 255, 256, 257, 524A-F, , 541, 549, , 582, 585, 809, 810, 819 G.G.8 Use the properties of special triangles (e.g., isosceles, equilateral, 30º 60º 90º, 45º 45º 90º) to solve problems. (10.G.6) PE: 550, , 566, 583, 585, 587, 820 TE: 524A-F, 550, , 566, 583, 585, 587, 820 G.G.9 Define the sine, cosine, and tangent of an acute angle. Apply to the solution of problems. PE: , 566, , 572, 580, 583, 584, 585, 587, 820 TE: 524A-F, , 566, , 572, 580, 583, 584, 585, 587, 820 G.G.10 Apply the triangle inequality and other inequalities associated with triangles (e.g., the longest side is opposite the greatest angle) to prove theorems and solve problems. PE: 294, , , 308, 312, 313, 315, 812 TE: 260A-F, 294, , , 308, 312, 313, 315, 812 G.G.11 Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between various representations of a line. Determine a line s slope and x- and y-intercepts from its graph or from a linear equation that represents the line. Find a linear equation describing a line from a graph or a geometric description of the line, e.g., by using the "point-slope" or "slope y-intercept" formulas. Explain the significance of a positive, negative, zero, or undefined slope. (10.P.2) PE: 125, , 171, , 178, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 793, 794, 795, 808 TE: 68A-F, 125, 126A-F, , 171, , 178, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 793, 794, 795, 808 Page 4

6 G.G.12 Using rectangular coordinates, calculate midpoints of segments, slopes of lines and segments, and distances between two points, and apply the results to the solutions of problems. (10.G.7) PE: 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 32, 35, 38, 39, 41, 42, 50, 52, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 165, 166, 168, 169, 172, 173, 175, 178, 182, 184, 185, 244, 245, 246, 247, 254, 255, 258, 280, 284, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 311, 426, 481, 484, 487, 505, 573, 636, 803, 804, 808 TE: 1A-F, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 32, 35, 38, 39, 41, 42, 50, 52, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 126A-F, 165, 166, 168, 169, 172, 173, 175, 178, 182, 184, 185, 190A-F, 244, 245, 246, 247, 254, 255, 258, 260A-F, 280, 284, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 311, 392A-F, 426, 454A-F, 481, 484, 487, 505, 524A-F, 573, 636, 803, 804, 808 G.G.13 Find linear equations that represent lines either perpendicular or parallel to a given line and through a point, e.g., by using the "point-slope" form of the equation. (10.G.8) PE: 124, , , 178, 182, 183, 184, 185, 481, 808 TE: 68A-F, 124, 126A-F, , , 178, 182, 183, 184, 185, 454A-F, 481, 808 G.G.14 Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between geometric and algebraic representations of circles. PE: 596, 600, 602, , 648, 652, 653, 654, 821, 822 TE: 592A-F, 596, 600, 602, , 648, 652, 653, 654, 821, 822 G.G.15 Draw the results, and interpret transformations on figures in the coordinate plane, e.g., translations, reflections, rotations, scale factors, and the results of successive transformations. Apply transformations to the solution of problems. (10.G.9) PE: 395, , 402, 403, , 410, 411, , 419, 420, , 428, 429, , 436, , 446, 447, 448, 450, 451, 505, , 513, 514, 518, 519, 521, 815, 816, 818 TE: 392A-F, 395, , 402, 403, , 410, 411, , 419, 420, , 428, 429, , 436, , 446, 447, 448, 450, 451, 505, , 513, 514, 518, 519, 521, 815, 816, 818 G.G.16 Demonstrate the ability to visualize solid objects and recognize their projections and cross sections. (10.G.10) PE: 719, 720, 723, 724, 725, 726, 742, 764, 777, 778, 825 TE: 716A-F, 719, 720, 723, 724, 725, 726, 742, 764, 777, 778, 825 Page 5

7 G.G.17 Use vertex-edge graphs to model and solve problems. (10.G.11) PE: , 723, 725, 726, 774, 777, 825 TE: 716A-F, , 723, 725, 726, 774, 777, 825 G.G.18 Use the notion of vectors to solve problems. Describe addition of vectors and multiplication of a vector by a scalar, both symbolically and pictorially. Use vector methods to obtain geometric results. (12.G.3) PE: , 428, 444, 447, 449, 451, , 580, 584, 585, 586, 587, 816, 820 TE: 392A-F, , 428, 444, 447, 449, 451, 524A-F, , 580, 584, 585, 586, 587, 816, 820 Learning Standards for Measurement Understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, systems, and processes of measurement Apply appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements Students engage in problem solving, communicating, reasoning, connecting, and representing as they: G.M.1 Calculate perimeter, circumference, and area of common geometric figures such as parallelograms, trapezoids, circles, and triangles. (10.M.1) PE: 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 65, 346, , 384, 385, 387, 389, , 683, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 695, 696, 698, 700, 703, 705, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 814, 823, 824 TE: 1A-F, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 65, 318A-F, 346, , 384, 385, 387, 389, 658A-F, , 683, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 690, 691, 695, 696, 698, 700, 703, 705, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 814, 823, 824 Page 6

8 G.M.2 Given the formula, find the lateral area, surface area, and volume of prisms, pyramids, spheres, cylinders, and cones, e.g., find the volume of a sphere with a specified surface area. (10.M.2) PE: 727, , 734, , 741, 742, , 749, 750, 751, , 758, , 772, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 825, 826 TE: 716A-F, 727, , 734, , 741, 742, , 749, 750, 751, , 758, , 772, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 825, 826 G.M.3 Relate changes in the measurement of one attribute of an object to changes in other attributes, e.g., how changing the radius or height of a cylinder affects its surface area or volume. (10.M.3) PE: 57 (#50), 378 (#44), 676, , 709, 711, 734 (#46), 763 (#33), , 776, 777, 779, 823, 826 TE: 1A-F, 57 (#50), 318A-F, 378 (#44), 658A-F, 676, , 709, 711, 716A-F, 734 (#46), 763 (#33), , 776, 777, 779, 823, 826 G.M.4 Describe the effects of approximate error in measurement and rounding on measurements and on computed values from measurements. (10.M.4) PE: 222, 457, 472, 567, 670, 751 TE: 190A-F, 222, 454A-F, 457, 472, 524A-F, 567, 658A-F, 670, 716A-F, 751 G.M.5 Use dimensional analysis for unit conversion and to confirm that expressions and equations make sense. (12.M.2) PE: 53, 457, 461, 817 TE: 1A-F, 53, 454A-F, 457, 461, 817 Page 7