Teach. Settling the Spanish Borderlands

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Teach. Settling the Spanish Borderlands"

Transcription

1 Wagon train to the West SECTION Step-by-Step Instruction Objectives As you teach this section, keep students focused on the following objectives to help them answer the Section Focus Question and master core content. Trace the settlement and development of the Spanish borderlands. Explain the concept of Manifest Destiny. Describe the causes and challenges of Prepare to Read Background Knowledge Have students recall the efforts of the United States to expand westward early in the nation s history. Ask them to predict what forms expansion might be taking by the 1830s and what the effects on U.S. foreign relations might be. Set a Purpose WITNESS HISTORY Read the selection aloud, or play the audio. Witness History Audio CD, A Pioneer Woman Heads West Ask For what were the Knights looking? (water) How did the Indians help them? (They showed the Knights where to find water and sold them potatoes.) Focus Point out the Section Focus Question and write it on the board. Tell students to refer to this question as they read. (Answer appears with Section 1 Assessment answers.) Preview Have students preview the Section Objectives and the list of Terms and People. Reading Skill Have students use the Reading Strategy: Identify Main Ideas worksheet. Teaching Resources, p. 11 Using the Paragraph Shrinking strategy (TE, p. T20), have students read this section. As they read, have students identify main ideas about westward migration. Reading and Note Taking Study Guide SECTION Objectives Trace the settlement and development of the Spanish borderlands. Explain the concept of Manifest Destiny. Describe the causes and challenges of Terms and People Junípero Serra expansionist Manifest Destiny Santa Fe Trail WITNESS HISTORY Migrating to the West Mountain Men Oregon Trail Brigham Young Treaty of Fort Laramie Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas Outline the main ideas relating to I. Settling the Spanish Borderlands A. Spain Settles New Mexico 1. Colony is sparsely populated 2. B. II. AUDIO A Pioneer Woman Heads West On April 9, 1853, Amelia Stewart Knight left Iowa with her family to join a wagon train headed for Oregon. Her diary describes many of the hazards of the five-month trek, from extreme heat or cold to poisonous water. It also reports encounters some cordial and some tense with Native Americans. In one entry, Knight wrote: After looking in vain for water, we were about to give up as it was near night, when husband came across a company of friendly Cayuse Indians about to camp, who showed him where to find water, half mile down a steep mountain, and we have all camped together, with plenty of pine timber all around us... We bought a few potatoes from an Indian, which will be a treat for our supper. Diary of Mrs. Amelia Stewart Knight, 1853 Why It Matters Since colonial times, Americans seeking economic opportunity had looked westward. By the 1840s, migrants were crossing the Rocky Mountains to Oregon and California. In time, these and other western lands would become part of the United States, helping the nation grow in both wealth and power. Section Focus Question: What were the causes of westward migration? Settling the Spanish Borderlands In 1830, what is now the U.S. Southwest was the Mexican North. Like the former British colonies in the East, this region had a long colonial history, one that dated back to the Spanish conquest of the Americas. Spain Settles New Mexico Founded in 1598, New Mexico was the oldest colony along New Spain s northwestern frontier. Yet, by 1765, only about 9,600 Hispanics lived in New Mexico, half of them in the two major towns of El Paso and Santa Fe. The rest lived on farms and ranches scattered through the long Rio Grande valley. One factor discouraging further settlement was the threat of war with nomadic Native Americans in surrounding areas. Colonists depended for protection on an alliance with local Pueblo Indians. But disease steadily reduced the Pueblo population, from about 14,000 in 1700 to about 10,000 in Use the information below and the following resource to teach students the high-use words from this section. Teaching Resources, Vocabulary Builder, p. 10 High-Use Word manifest commence Definition and Sample Sentence adj. obvious; clear; plain The fact that slavery was morally wrong was made manifest in a variety of ways. v. to begin a project or enterprise After the Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence, the fighting commenced in earnest. 298 Manifest Destiny

2 At the same time, the nomads of the Great Plains, known to the Spanish as Apaches, were becoming more powerful. The Apaches lived by hunting vast herds of buffalo. These hunts became easier after 1680 when the Apaches acquired horses from the Spanish. On horseback, men could see farther, travel faster, and kill their prey more quickly and in greater safety. At the same time, the nomads began to acquire firearms from French traders. The Indians continued to hunt with bows and arrows, but they used guns to wage war. Teach Settling the Spanish Borderlands Warfare Threatens the Colony In 1800, a trader on the Great Plains remarked, This is a delightful country and, were it not for perpetual wars, the natives might be the happiest people on earth. The conflict stemmed largely from competition for the buffalo herds. Well-armed groups, such as the Comanches of the Rocky Mountains and the Lakotas of the Mississippi Valley, spread at the expense of Apaches and other long-time residents of the Great Plains. The defeated Apaches fled west into New Mexico, where they raided Pueblo and Spanish settlements, taking horses, sheep, cattle, and captives. Some Apaches found a haven in the canyons of northwest New Mexico, where they became known as Navajos. The Pueblos taught their Navajo neighbors how to weave, make pottery, grow corn, and herd sheep. But most Apaches remained nomadic hunters. Raids on Spanish settlements became more frequent and destructive, for the Apaches were now armed, mounted, and desperate. The Comanches began to attack New Mexico as well. In 1777, a governor sadly reported that Indian raids had reduced his colony to the most deplorable state and greatest poverty. Spanish officials rescued New Mexico by building stronger frontier defenses and using more flexible diplomacy with the nomads. By providing gifts and weapons, the new officials found it cheaper to form bonds with some nomads than to fight them all. In general, Spain paid Comanche and Navajo allies to attack the Apaches. For the most part, the strategy worked. Although most Apache groups remained defiant, some accepted peace on Spain s terms. And the alliance program did reduce raids on New Mexico. As the colony became safer, its population grew and its economy developed. By 1821, the Hispanic population had grown to about 40,000. Texas Attracts Few Settlers New Mexico s growth and improved security did not extend to Texas, its sister colony to the east along the Gulf of Mexico. In Texas, the nomads were more formidable and the colony remained weaker. The Spanish had founded Texas as a buffer zone to protect the valuable towns and mines of Mexico to the south. Like New Mexico, Texas was a mixture of ranches, missions, and military presidios. But Texas stagnated because few settlers felt attracted to such a distant and poor region subject to nomadic raiders. In 1760, only about 1,200 colonists lived in Texas, primarily in and around San Antonio. Ranchers drove longhorn cattle southward for sale in Mexico. Missions Thrive in California In the 1760s, the Spanish extended their northern buffer zone to the west by colonizing the California coast. They were A Spanish Colonial Mission Many of the oldest buildings in the Southwest are Spanish missions, like this one in Texas. Native Americans were forced to live and work on the mission grounds, where Spanish priests taught them about Christianity. Instruct Introduce: Key Term Write the name Junípero Serra on the board. Tell students that Serra was a Spanish priest who helped settle the Spanish colony of California. Ask students to predict the role that religion might play in this settlement. Teach Discuss with students some of the conflicts and issues of the West at this time. Ask What innovations brought by the Spanish enabled Native Americans to hunt and wage war more effectively? (horses and guns) How did the Spanish slow the constant warfare in New Mexico? (They used diplomacy and gifts and paid several Native American groups to attack the warring Apaches.) Why was the California colony successful for the Spanish when Texas was not? (In California, the Spanish converted many Native Americans to Christianity and this, along with the Native Americans lack of guns and horses, made the area more peaceful, attracting more settlers. Few people were attracted to Texas because it was distant and poor and subject to Native American raids.) Analyzing the Visuals Refer students to the photograph on this page. Ask What role did religion play in Spanish settlement? (Sample response: The Spanish converted the Native Americans to Christianity, which gave them something in common with the Spanish and made them less apt to attack or rebel.) The Navajo Today Once a single people, the Navajo and Apache migrated from present-day Canada to the present-day American Southwest between 800 and 1,100 years ago. There they developed into separate groups, although they retained a similar language. Today, the Navajo Nation is the largest Native American group, with a population of more than 250,000. The Nation s epicenter is the 27,000-squaremile Diné Bikéyah, or Navajoland the Navajo reservation located in parts of Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. In 1923, after the discovery of oil on Navajo land and the subsequent pressure from oil companies to sell it, the Navajo people, who call themselves the Diné, established a formal system of government, which took its current form in The modern government consists of a three-branch system similar to the U.S. federal government. The legislature, called the Navajo National Council, is made up of 88 delegates who represent 110 communities and meets to discuss important issues and pass legislation in the Navajo language. Chapter 9 Section 1 299

3 s Independent Practice Have students create Venn diagrams to compare and contrast the Spanish colonies in Texas and California. Ask students to use their Venn diagrams to write brief paragraphs about Spanish settlement in North America. Have students begin to fill in the Note Taking outline for the section by recording main ideas related to Monitor Progress As students fill in their outlines, circulate to make sure that they are including only main ideas, and not details. For a completed version of the outline, see Note Taking Transparencies, B-47. S N E 30 N 120 W North America in 1820 Santa Barbara San Francisco San Jose Monterey Oregon Country (Occupied jointly by U.S. and Great Britain) San Antonio de Padua Los Angeles Pacific Ocean San Luis Obispo San Diego San Gabriel Great Salt Lake San Juan Capistrano Tucson Tubac R o c k British North America (Canada) y M o u Colorado R. n t a i n Spanish Territory Janos Carrizal Rio Grande Taos Santa Fe Albuquerque El Paso Conic Projection mi km Missouri R. Unorganized Territory MississippiR. Arkansas Territory Laredo Nacogdoches San Antonio Michigan Territory LA Gulf of Mexico Mississippi R. IL MS IN TN AL KY OH GA VA NC SC FL United States Mission Presidio Town Mission and presidio Presidio and town PA NY For: Interactive map Web Code: ncp-0902 ME Map Skills In 1820, most of the land that is now the American Southwest belonged to Spain. Mexico won independence the following year. 1. Locate: (a) Santa Fe, (b) San Antonio, (c) San Francisco, (d) Oregon 2. Movement What geographic and political obstacles did Americans moving westward face in the 1820s? 3. Identify Alternatives What methods might the United States have used to gain greater access to the Pacific coast? This 1832 painting depicts a Native American buffalo hunt on the Great Plains. Nomadic hunters depended for survival on free movement across northern Mexico and the western U.S. territories. afraid of losing the region to Russian traders probing south from Alaska. As in Texas, Spain had trouble attracting settlers to California. Potential settlers were daunted by California s isolation from Mexico. The distance to market discouraged the export of California s livestock and grains. The limited economy depended on royal money sent to supply and pay the soldiers. Lacking colonists, the Spanish leaders sought to convert Indians to Christianity. Led by Father Junípero Serra, Franciscan priests set up a string of missions. The missions were more successful in California than in Texas or New Mexico. Because the local Indians lacked guns and horses, California missions suffered few raids. By the time of Father Serra s death in 1784, California had two agricultural towns (San Jose and Los Angeles), four presidios, and nine missions. In 1821, when Spanish rule ended, the system had grown to 20 missions housing more than 18,000 Native American converts. The Native Americans constructed buildings, dug irrigation ditches, erected fences, herded cattle, and cultivated grain. But large numbers died of diseases, and the Spanish had to round up more Indians to replace them. How did conflict develop between Spanish settlers and Native Americans in the Southwest? Answers Map Skills 1. Review locations with students. 2. geographic: rivers, mountains, deserts; political: Native Americans, Mexican troops 3. Possible responses: more shipping lines that went to California; the government might have purchased land in a huge strip across the Great Plains. The Spanish brought horses and firearms, which exacerbated conflict between Native Americans such as Apaches and the Great Plains Indians. This conflict broadened to include bloody encounters between Native Americans and Spanish colonists and missionaries. 300 Manifest Destiny L1 Special Needs Students L2 Less Proficient Readers L2 English Language Learners To help students learn more about the Spanish holdings in North America during this period, have them examine the map on this page. Explain that although Spain claimed much of North America, the Spanish had only a small population of settlers. The Spanish built missions and presidios to help turn the indigenous people into loyal, hard-working, Christian subjects of Spain. This, it was hoped, would bring success to the northern colonies. Tell students to Americans Look Westward In 1821, a revolution toppled Spanish rule and established Mexico as an independent republic. The U.S. government officially recognized its fellow republic to the south. But American expansionists, people who favored territorial point out each major territory on the map and study the map key. Then, ask Where are the most missions and presidios located on the map? (California) Why might the area located near Apache lands have only presidios? (Students may suggest that because the Apaches were well armed and attacked settlers, military forts were the only safe outposts in those areas.)

4 growth, soon began to covet New Mexico, Texas, and California. Thinly settled but rich in resources, the three provinces seemed ripe for American plucking. Expansionists Seek Manifest Destiny Expansionists justified their views by pointing to the weakness of the Mexican government and economy. They argued that the Mexicans, whom many Americans regarded as inferior, did not deserve to keep lands so badly needed for American settlement. In 1845, journalist John L. O Sullivan wrote an influential editorial in favor of expansion. He wrote: The American claim is by the right of our manifest destiny to overspread and possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and... selfgovernment entrusted to us. John L. O Sullivan, New York Morning News, December 27, 1845 Expansionists were soon using the term Manifest Destiny to refer to the belief that God wanted the United States to own all of North America. But O Sullivan envisioned liberty primarily for white men. Expansion would come at the expense of Indians and Mexicans. And southern expansionists hoped to add more slave states to strengthen their political position in Congress. Americans Trade With Mexico Mexican independence spurred American trade with northern Mexico. The Spanish had discouraged such contacts, but Mexican officials welcomed them. Indeed, trade and migration promoted economic growth in the border provinces. Still, as the Spanish had feared, American traders and settlers would come to threaten the security of Mexico s border. Merchants from Missouri saw Mexican independence as an opportunity to open trade across the Great Plains with Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico. Welcomed by the Mexican officials, the traders launched a growing commerce along what became known as the Santa Fe Trail. In exchange for American manufactured goods, the New Mexicans offered horses, mules, furs, and silver. In the 1820s, mariners from the Northeast launched a more ambitious route. Sailing around South America to the California coast, they traded manufactured goods for tallow and hides from California ranches. Like New Mexico, California became economically dependent on commerce with the Americans. Mountain Men Cross the Rockies Other traders ventured up the Missouri River and into the Rockies, seeking valuable furs from the abundant beaver of the mountain streams. The daring young American trappers who hunted for beaver pelts in the Rockies were called Mountain Men. Most worked for two large fur companies, which provided their supplies. Restless in pursuit of furs, the Mountain Men thoroughly probed the Rockies, making important discoveries. They blazed the best route through the mountains, via South Pass in what is now Wyoming. Some Mountain Men then pressed westward to the Great Salt Lake in the arid Great Basin of Utah. In 1826, Jedediah Smith crossed the Great Basin and the Sierra Nevada to reach California. In addition to trapping, he traded with the Mexican residents. Smith s trade and migration route became the California Trail, linking the United States with the Pacific coast. L4 Advanced Readers L4 Gifted and Talented Students Have students locate the complete text of John L. O Sullivan s New York Morning News editorial about Manifest Destiny in the library or on the Internet. Then, have them take the role of a Whig or pacifist newspaper editor and write their own editorial as a rebuttal to O Sullivan s. Students editorials should Vocabulary Builder manifest (MAN uh fehst) adj. obvious; clear; plain Mountain Men As this painting shows, Mountain Men lived a solitary, rugged existence as they hunted beaver in the Rocky Mountains. In time, they undermined their own way of life, killing beaver faster than the beaver could reproduce. What dangers would Mountain Men face? Why do you think they were willing to face them? be written in a persuasive style and present a strong point of view supported by logical reasoning and facts. As an alternative, students might take the role of a citizen of the time and write a letter to the editor of the New York Morning News, challenging the ideas in O Sullivan s editorial. Americans Look Westward Instruct Introduce: Key Term Write the key term Manifest Destiny on the board, and have students locate the term (in bold) in the text and discuss its definition. Ask a volunteer to read aloud the Primary Source excerpt. Then, ask students to read to find out how some Americans worked to fulfill the nation s Manifest Destiny. Teach Display Color Transparency: Traveling West. Using the Think- Write-Pair-Share technique (TE, p. T23), discuss the expansionist drive for westward expansion. Ask What was Manifest Destiny, and how did it encourage people to settle the West? (It was the idea that the United States had a Godgiven right to control most or all of North America. It helped motivate settlers to go west and justified U.S. expansion.) How could trade with the United States and American migrants threaten Mexico s security? (Mexicans in New Mexico and California were already becoming economically dependent on trade with Americans, and migrants might push into Mexican territory.) How did the Mountain Men contribute to westward expansion? (They forged routes across the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains that settlers would later follow.) Color Transparencies A-33 Independent Practice Refer students to the map North America in 1820, and have them access Web Code ncp-0902 to use the Geography Interactive map. Then, ask them to answer the map skills questions in the text. Monitor Progress As students complete the map skills questions, circulate to make sure that they are interpreting the map correctly. Answer Caption Sample: accidents, hunger, thirst, animal mauling, fire, drowning, Indian attacks; because Mountain Men wanted to make money, and perhaps they liked the solitude, independence, and adventure Chapter 9 Section 1 301

5 The Journey Westward Instruct Introduce: Vocabulary Builder Have students locate the vocabulary term commence in the margin on the next page and read the definition. Ask students to offer uses of this word with which they are familiar. Have students discuss why a long journey, sometimes on horseback or in an open wagon, might commence when the weather turned warm. Teach Discuss with students aspects of the westward journey. Ask Why did emigrants travel in wagon trains? (for mutual aid and security) What hardships did emigrants face on the journey? (hunger, exposure, disease, poison, Native American attacks) Display Color Transparency: Brigham Young and the Mormons. Ask Why did Brigham Young lead the Mormons west to found New Zion? (People were hostile to them in Illinois, and Young wanted to settle where Mormons could live in their own way.) Then, have students predict what conflicts Native Americans and western settlers might face. Color Transparencies A-34 Analyzing the Visuals Have students study the Focus on Geography feature that begins on this page. Have them trace the routes of the California and Oregon trails. Ask students to explain why the overland trails ran either north or south instead of directly west. Then, have students answer the Geography and History questions. Trails to the West During the 1840s alone, nearly 20,000 Americans migrated to California, Oregon, and Utah along the major overland trails. The trails also became trade routes, carrying merchants and goods in both directions. Oregon Trail Most emigrants on the Oregon Trail were farmers, and their final destination was the fertile land of the Willamette Valley. They packed their family and everything they could carry from cast-iron stoves to the family Bible onto covered wagons. Missionaries Reach Oregon A variant of this trail turned northwest at South Pass to reach Oregon Country. In 1836, Marcus and Narcissa Whitman followed this route, which became known as the Oregon Trail, to found an Indian mission at Walla Walla. The Whitman compound served as a magnet and way station for farm families bound farther west to the fertile Willamette Valley. In 1847, the Whitmans were killed by Native Americans who blamed them for a deadly measles epidemic. But by then, the tide of migration to Oregon was unstoppable. What role did the Mountain Men play in westward expansion? The Journey Westward In 1842, an official government expedition led by John C. Frémont set off across the western country, following trails blazed by the Mountain Men and the Whitmans. Although Frémont found little that was new, his vivid and romantic reports gave wider publicity to the fertility of the Far West. In the years that followed, the overland trails drew thousands of settlers west to California and Oregon. Answer They explored the West and established major trails, which settlers followed. In addition, stories of their exploits drew people West. 302 Manifest Destiny Jedediah Strong Smith Although Jedediah Smith s life was short, his colorful adventures as a Mountain Man made him a legend. Born in 1799, in present-day Bainbridge, New York, Smith learned to read, which was unusual for that time, and spent his boyhood hunting and trapping in the forests of the region. However, inspired by Lewis and Clark, Smith yearned to explore the wilderness of the West and in 1822, he got his chance when he was hired as a hunter by an expedition to the Rocky Mountains. On this trip, Smith met Indians, hunted for furs, explored what is now Montana and Wyoming, and worked his way up to be one of the expedition leaders. Soon, he and some partners established their own trading business. Smith led many trading and trapping expeditions throughout the Rockies. In 1826, he became the first American to enter California from the east and in the following year, he became the first American to come out of California overland. After many adventures and one deadly encounter with the Mohave Indians, in which nearly all his men were killed, Smith switched from the Rockies trade to the Santa Fe trade. In 1831, while leading a group down the Santa Fe Trail, Smith was killed by Comanche Indians.

6 Supplies for Travelers Forts along the overland trails provided more than protection. They were also homes to trading posts, where wagon trains could replenish their supplies. Wagon Trains Journey West Commencing in springtime at the western edge of Missouri, the demanding journey covered nearly 2,000 miles and took about five months to complete. Oxen pulled the emigrants wooden wagons covered with canvas. For security and mutual help, most emigrants traveled in trains of from 10 to 100 wagons and from 50 to 1,000 people. Eager to get to the fertile and humid Pacific, the emigrants bypassed the Great Plains, which they considered little better than a desert, and the Great Basin, which truly was a desert. They were also in a hurry to get across two cold and lofty mountain chains, the Rockies and the Sierra Nevada. Most of the emigrants were farm people from the Midwest. Men relished the journey as an adventure, while many women more keenly felt the hardships and anxieties. What had possessed my husband, anyway, that he should have thought of bringing us away out through this God-forsaken country? wrote one woman in her diary. Indeed, the journey was a gamble that cost many their property and some their lives. Emigrants faced hunger, exposure, disease, poisoned streams or worse. In 1846, the Donner Party got lost on the way to California. Trapped by snow in the Sierra Nevada, the starving survivors resorted to cannibalism. Mormon Trail The final destination for Mormon emigrants was the Great Salt Lake in present-day Utah. Through extensive irrigation and farming, Mormon settlers permanently altered their desert environment. Westward Migration, 1840s Western Trail Number of Settlers Where To California Trail Mormon Trail Oregon Trail 2,700 4,600 11,500 California Utah Oregon SOURCE: CIA World Factbook Online When Donner Pass For emigrants, mountain passes could be a gateway to their final destination or a snowy tomb. The Donner Pass was named for a party who got trapped in the Sierra Nevadas in the winter of Nearly half died of starvation, and the survivors resorted to eating their dead. Geography and History How did the goals of travelers on the Oregon and Mormon trails differ? How were they similar? Do deserts and mountain passes still present a hazard to travelers today? Why or why not? Vocabulary Builder commence (kuh MEHNS) v. to begin a project or an enterprise Independent Practice Have students read and complete Geography and History: Life on the Westward Trail. Teaching Resources, p. 15 Have students review the HISTORY MAKERS feature about Brigham Young, as well the other information on the Mormons in the surrounding text, to make a flowchart that sequences some of the main events in Young s life. Have students use the two maps in this section and a blank outline map of the United States to chart a journey that they may have wanted to take as migrants to the West. Encourage students to label the trail or trails they will take, communities from which they will set out, areas through which they will travel, and their ultimate destination. Remind students to indicate any major landforms along the way, and tell them to include a map key to explain any symbols. Monitor Progress As students complete their maps, circulate to make sure that they select trails that would accurately connect them to their destination. L1 Special Needs Students L2 English Language Learners L2 Less Proficient Readers To support comprehension of the information in the Focus on Geography feature Trails to the West, read aloud the introductory paragraph. Help students locate the Oregon Trail on the map and have them follow it along with you as you trace the route with your finger. Have students use the key to find one town and one fort. As a class, discuss each image individually and have students offer their own ideas about what that image shows and why it might have been included in the feature. Then, ask questions about the information in the chart on westward migration, such as Which trail was traveled most? Which was traveled least? If necessary, provide students with the meanings of challenging words, such as replenish and extensive. Finally, have students complete Geography and History: The California Trail. Teaching Resources, p. 14 Answers Geography and History Most people on the Oregon Trail were going west to farm; the Mormons were going west to be free from persecution. All went west to find new lives. Yes; people can still die in deserts, such as Death Valley, be caught in snowstorms in the Rocky Mountains, or be stopped on their journey if mountain passes are blocked by snow. Chapter 9 Section 1 303

7 Assess and Reteach Assess Progress Have students complete the Section Assessment. Administer the Section Quiz. Teaching Resources, p. 18 To further assess student understanding, use Progress Monitoring Transparencies, 55. Reteach If students need more instruction, have them read the section summary. Reading and Note Taking Study Guide Adapted Reading and Note Taking Study Guide Spanish Reading and Note Taking Study Guide L1 L2 L2 Extend L4 To extend the section content, assign students the Enrichment worksheet, Create a Board Game: The Oregon Trail. Teaching Resources, pp Answer difficulties: hunger, thirst, exposure, Native American attack, disease, poison; opportunities: land or more land than they had previously owned, freedom, wealth Brigham Young This is the place! Brigham Young declared when he first spied the Great Salt Lake in July It was the end of a long journey that had begun 17 months earlier, when he led a Mormon party out of Illinois in the middle of a snowy, bitterly cold winter. During his next 30 years as president of the Mormon Church, Young provided the colony with tough, inspiring leadership. He also served eight years as the first governor of the Utah Territory. SECTION 1 Assessment Comprehension 1. Terms and People Write a sentence explaining how each of the following was connected with Manifest Destiny Santa Fe Trail Mountain Men Oregon Trail Brigham Young Treaty of Fort Laramie Despite the dangers, the rewards of the journey could be great. Most of those who persevered gained bigger and better farms in Oregon or California than they had owned in the East or Midwest. Between 1840 and 1860, about 260,000 Americans crossed the continent to settle on the west coast. Mormons Seek a Refuge One group of people preferred to settle along the way. These were the Mormons. As you read in the last chapter, Mormon founder Joseph Smith was killed in 1844 by a mob in Illinois. Leadership passed to Brigham Young, a brilliant organizer with a powerful will. Convinced that the Mormons could not survive among hostile neighbors, Young organized an exodus. In 1847, he led Mormons across the Great Plains and the Rockies to establish the colony of New Zion on the eastern shore of the Great Salt Lake. Through hard work and cooperation, the Mormons made the arid land bloom by diverting water from mountain streams. By 1860, some 40,000 Mormons lived in the West. Despite their achievements and their isolation, other Americans continued to distrust the Mormons. During the 1850s, after the territory had passed from Mexico to the United States, the government forced the Mormons to accept federal authority. New Zion became the federal territory of Utah. Indians Face Restrictions So long as wagons kept moving west, Native Americans usually left them alone. Still, the federal government sought to protect migrants by restricting the Plains Indians. The 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie bound the Indians to territories away from the major trails. But the Indians clung to their mobile way of life, pursuing buffalo across all artificial boundaries. As migration continued, the stage was set for future conflict. the West? What difficulties and opportunities awaited migrants to Progress Monitoring Online For: Self-test with vocabulary practice Web Code: nca Reading Skill: Identify Main Idea Use your outline to answer the Section Focus Question: What were the causes of westward migration? Writing About History 3. Quick Write: Identify an Issue In the news media, an editorial is a statement supporting one view of a current issue. Choose a topic from this section as the subject for an editorial. Write a sentence explaining why people of the time might have held differing views on that issue. Critical Thinking 4. Recognize Effects What long-term effects did the introduction of horses and firearms have on Native Americans in the West? 5. Recognize Viewpoints Who might have agreed with the idea of Manifest Destiny? Who might have disagreed? 6. Make Decisions If you were a poor farmer in 1850, would you have chosen to join a wagon train to the West? Why or why not? Section 1 Assessment 1. Sentences should reflect an understanding of how each term or person is connected to 2. Sample responses: competition with Spain, the idea of Manifest Destiny, people s need or desire for land, trade, a wish to Christianize Native Americans, the desire for freedom from persecution 3. Sample topic: Manifest Destiny; Sample Sentence: Although many Americans probably agreed that God wanted the United States to conquer North America, 304 Manifest Destiny most Native Americans probably thought that they should keep their lands. 4. Native Americans could hunt better and travel further; however, it led to conflict over the buffalo. In conflicts with the Spanish and Americans, these acquisitions put Native Americans on a more equal footing than they had been previously. 5. Expansionists and other American nationalists would have agreed, as would migrants and immigrants. Native Americans and Spain and Britain would not have supported the policy. 6. Sample response: Yes; despite the risks, going west offered opportunities to gain land and improve the quality of life. For additional assessment, have students access Progress Monitoring Online at Web Code nca-0903.

Chapter 11, Section 1 Trails to the West. Pages

Chapter 11, Section 1 Trails to the West. Pages Chapter 11, Section 1 Trails to the West Pages 345-349 Many Americans during the Jacksonian Era were restless, curious, and eager to be on the move. The American West drew a variety of settlers. Some looked

More information

Map Exercise Routes West and Territory

Map Exercise Routes West and Territory Routes to the West Unit Objective: examine the cause and effects of Independence Movements west & south of the United States; investigate and critique U.S. expansionism under the administrations of Van

More information

The Americans (Survey)

The Americans (Survey) The Americans (Survey) Chapter 9: TELESCOPING THE TIMES Expanding Markets and Moving West CHAPTER OVERVIEW The economy of the United States grows, and so does the nation s territory, as settlers move west.

More information

Oregon Country. Adams-Onís Treaty. Mountain Men. Kit Carson. Oregon Trail. Manifest Destiny

Oregon Country. Adams-Onís Treaty. Mountain Men. Kit Carson. Oregon Trail. Manifest Destiny Chapter 11 Section 1: Westward to the Pacific Oregon Country Adams-Onís Treaty Mountain Men Kit Carson Oregon Trail Manifest Destiny Chapter 11 Section 2: Independence for Texas Davy Crockett The area

More information

(2) SIGNIFICANT THEMES AND HIGHLIGHTS

(2) SIGNIFICANT THEMES AND HIGHLIGHTS 13 Moving West (1) CHAPTER OUTLINE Narcissa Whitman her husb Marcus, were among thouss of Americans who played a part in the movement into the trans-mississippi West between 1830-1865. The chapter also

More information

bk09c - Manifest Destiny ( )

bk09c - Manifest Destiny ( ) bk09c - Manifest Destiny (1800-1850) MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In the 1820s, New Mexico, Texas, and California attracted expansionists because A the U.S. government had influence over Spain. B they were rich

More information

Between the early 1830s and the mid 1850s, a new political party called the Whigs ran in opposition against the Democrat party of Andrew Jackson.

Between the early 1830s and the mid 1850s, a new political party called the Whigs ran in opposition against the Democrat party of Andrew Jackson. Between the early 1830s and the mid 1850s, a new political party called the Whigs ran in opposition against the Democrat party of Andrew Jackson. They believed in congressional supremacy instead of presidential

More information

Jump Start. You have 5 minutes to study your Jackson notes for a short 7 question Quiz.

Jump Start. You have 5 minutes to study your Jackson notes for a short 7 question Quiz. Jump Start You have 5 minutes to study your Jackson notes for a short 7 question Quiz. All of my copies of the notes are posted on the white board for reference. Please DO NOT take them down. Manifest

More information

Chapter 13 Westward Expansion ( ) (American Nation Textbook Pages )

Chapter 13 Westward Expansion ( ) (American Nation Textbook Pages ) Chapter 13 Westward Expansion (1820-1860) (American Nation Textbook Pages 378-405) 1 1. Oregon Country In the spring of 1846 many people were on their way to the western frontier. As the nation grew many

More information

Today, you will be able to: Identify Explain

Today, you will be able to: Identify Explain Westward Expansion Today, you will be able to: Identify the major events of the Westward Expansion Era; Explain Manifest Destiny and westward growth of the nation Directions: 1. Write vocabulary words

More information

Utah. Copyright 2010 LessonSnips

Utah. Copyright 2010 LessonSnips Utah Utah is located in the middle of the American Southwest between Nevada on the west; Arizona to the south; Colorado to the east; and Idaho and Wyoming to the north. The corners of four states (Utah,

More information

Western Trails & Settlers

Western Trails & Settlers Western Trails & Settlers Today, you will be able to: Identify selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the US and reasons for immigration Westward Trails & Settlers Directions: 1.

More information

Westward Expansion & America s Manifest Destiny

Westward Expansion & America s Manifest Destiny Westward Expansion & America s Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny Term first coined by newspaper editor, John O Sullivan in 1845... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole

More information

Section 1 The Oregon Country: The U.S. was a nation that was destined to be a country that reached from coast to coast.

Section 1 The Oregon Country: The U.S. was a nation that was destined to be a country that reached from coast to coast. Chapter 14 Manifest Destiny Section 1 The Oregon Country: The U.S. was a nation that was destined to be a country that reached from coast to coast. Settlers Move West: The Oregon Country included the present

More information

Manifest Destiny,

Manifest Destiny, Manifest Destiny, 1810 1853 Westward expansion has political, economic, and social effects on the development of the United States. Stephen Fuller Austin, 19thcentury American frontiersman and founder

More information

8th - CHAPTER 10 EXAM

8th - CHAPTER 10 EXAM Multiple Choice 8th - CHAPTER 10 EXAM Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Astoria was a significant region in the Pacific Northwest at the beginning of the

More information

Assessment: Life in the West

Assessment: Life in the West Name Date Mastering the Content Circle the letter next to the best answer.. Assessment: Life in the West 1. Which of these led to the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804? A. Monroe Doctrine B. Gadsden Purchase

More information

Expanding West. Chapter 11 page 342

Expanding West. Chapter 11 page 342 Expanding West Chapter 11 page 342 Trails to the West Section 1 Americans Move West In the early 1800s, Americans pushed steadily westward, moving even beyond the territory of the United States Many of

More information

The Great Encounter: American Indians Meet Explorers & Mountain Men

The Great Encounter: American Indians Meet Explorers & Mountain Men Slide 1 CHAPTER 4 The Great Encounter: American Indians Meet Explorers & Mountain Men Slide 2 The Mood Just as different groups of Native American Indian people had displaced other groups who lived in

More information

*On your sticky note depict (draw) the following two words. Acquire. Expansion

*On your sticky note depict (draw) the following two words. Acquire. Expansion *On your sticky note depict (draw) the following two words. Acquire Expansion The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 1. What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 establish? This act established the principles

More information

American Westward Expansion

American Westward Expansion Chapter 9 Americans Head West In 1800 less than 400,000 settlers lived west of the Appalachian Mountains. By the beginning of the Civil War, more Americans lived west of the Appalachians than lived along

More information

Mexican-American War Act-It-Out

Mexican-American War Act-It-Out Florida Act-It-Out Follow the narration below to create an act-it-out about Florida. When the narrator says Action! the actors will move, act, and speak as described. When the narrator says Audience! the

More information

From the colonial days forward, Americans had continued to move westward. At first, trails were found through the Appalachians as settlers began to

From the colonial days forward, Americans had continued to move westward. At first, trails were found through the Appalachians as settlers began to From the colonial days forward, Americans had continued to move westward. At first, trails were found through the Appalachians as settlers began to move into the fertile lands stretching toward the Mississippi

More information

In the 1840s, westward expansion led Americans to acquire all lands from the Atlantic to Pacific in a movement called Manifest Destiny

In the 1840s, westward expansion led Americans to acquire all lands from the Atlantic to Pacific in a movement called Manifest Destiny In the 1840s, westward expansion led Americans to acquire all lands from the Atlantic to Pacific in a movement called Manifest Destiny Obvious Future Americans flooded into the West for new economic opportunities

More information

U.S. Territorial Acquisitions,

U.S. Territorial Acquisitions, G E O G R A P H Y C H A L L E N G E U.S. Territorial Acquisitions, 1803 1853 B R I T I S H 130 W C A N A D A E A T G R MO UN TA INS N UNITED STATES, 1800 IA N S P L A I N San Francisco Boston New York

More information

Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West

Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West The Market Revolution factory system changed the lives of workers and consumers. People will stop growing and making things for their own survival and begin

More information

Bell work. What do you think when you hear the term Manifest Destiny?

Bell work. What do you think when you hear the term Manifest Destiny? Bell work What do you think when you hear the term Manifest Destiny? Manifest Destiny and the War with Mexico Essential Question How did the idea of Manifest Destiny affect the movement of Americans across

More information

Manifest Destiny and Andrew Jackson

Manifest Destiny and Andrew Jackson Manifest Destiny and Andrew Jackson Study online at quizlet.com/_204f5a 1. 13 colonies 4. Andrew Jackson 2. 1849 The original states : Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, massachusetts, New jersey,

More information

U.S. Territorial Acquisitions,

U.S. Territorial Acquisitions, Unit 5 Geography Challenge ANSWER KEY U.S. Territorial Acquisitions, 1803 1853 130 W BRITISH CANADA PACIFIC OCEAN W N S E 0 400 800 miles 0 400 800 kilometers Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection Gulf

More information

An Overview of U.S. Westward Expansion

An Overview of U.S. Westward Expansion An Overview of U.S. Westward Expansion By History.com on 04.28.17 Word Count 1,231 Level MAX The first Fort Laramie as it looked before 1840. A painting from memory by Alfred Jacob Miller in 1858-60. Fort

More information

The use of diaries as a primary source for the study of history not only makes

The use of diaries as a primary source for the study of history not only makes , Pens, & Prose: Discovering Early Manuscripts COMING TO CALIFORNIA Juan Bautista de Anza Establishes a Land Route Grade 4 California History This project is generously made possible through a grant from

More information

Name: Class Period: Date:

Name: Class Period: Date: Name: Class Period: Date: Unit #2 Review E George Washington H Jay s Treaty D Pinckney s Treaty G Treaty of Greenville K Whiskey Rebellion B Marbury v. Madison A. The greatest U.S. victory in the War of

More information

WESTWARD EXPANSION II. The Expansion

WESTWARD EXPANSION II. The Expansion WESTWARD EXPANSION II The Expansion GOALS: WHAT I NEED TO KNOW How did the Louisiana Purchase, Texas, the Alamo, the Oregon Trail, California Gold Rush, and development of mining towns help Westward Expansion

More information

Life in the New Nation

Life in the New Nation Life in the New Nation United States History Fall, 2014 Cultural, Social, Religious Life How and when did the new nation s identity take shape? Cultural advancement many tried to establish national character

More information

Expanding West. Trails to the West. The Texas Revolution. The Mexican-American War. The California Gold Rush. Section 1: Section 2: Section 3:

Expanding West. Trails to the West. The Texas Revolution. The Mexican-American War. The California Gold Rush. Section 1: Section 2: Section 3: Expanding West Section 1: Trails to the West Section 2: The Texas Revolution Section 3: The Mexican-American War Section 4: The California Gold Rush Section 1: Trails to the West Key Terms & People: John

More information

Westward Expansion. What did the United States look like before Westward Expansion?

Westward Expansion. What did the United States look like before Westward Expansion? Westward Expansion What did the United States look like before Westward Expansion? In 1803, Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, purchased 828,000 square miles from France. This

More information

Manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion

Manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion Manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion Van Buren, Harrison, and Tyler Martin Van Buren was the 8th President from 1837-1841 Indian Removal Amistad Case Diplomacy with Great Britain and Mexico over land

More information

United States History. Robert Taggart

United States History. Robert Taggart United States History Robert Taggart Table of Contents To the Student.............................................. v Unit 1: Birth of a Nation Lesson 1: From Colonization to Independence...................

More information

Chapter 7. Life in the New Nation ( )

Chapter 7. Life in the New Nation ( ) Chapter 7 Life in the New Nation (1783 1850) America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 7: Life in the New Nation (1783 1850) Section 1: Cultural, Social, and Religious Life Section 2: Trails to the West

More information

Manifest Destiny Unit Text Chapter 13

Manifest Destiny Unit Text Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny Unit Text Chapter 13 8.58 Describe the concept of Manifest Destiny and its impact on the developing character of the American nation, including the purpose, challenges and economic incentives

More information

Missouri. Copyright 2010 LessonSnips

Missouri. Copyright 2010 LessonSnips Missouri Missouri is located in the Midwest, surrounded by the states of Iowa to the north; Nebraska, Kansas and Oklahoma to the west; Arkansas to the south; and Illinois and Kentucky to the east. The

More information

Chapter 5 Utah Studies

Chapter 5 Utah Studies Chapter 5 Utah Studies As the beaver trapping industry died out, many mountain men started sharing their stories of west with others. People were fascinated by the stories about California and the Oregon

More information

The Mormon Trail: In search of the promised land

The Mormon Trail: In search of the promised land Name Period US History 8 Mr. Tripodi The Mormon Trail: In search of the promised land Directions: 1. Read the paragraph. 2. Present the paragraph a different way. Make meaning out of what you are reading

More information

Manifest Destiny and U.S Westward Expansion

Manifest Destiny and U.S Westward Expansion Manifest Destiny and U.S Westward Expansion The phrase manifest destiny originated in the nineteenth century, yet the concept behind the phrase originated in the seventeenth century with the first European

More information

Mormon Trail, The. William Hill. Published by Utah State University Press. For additional information about this book

Mormon Trail, The. William Hill. Published by Utah State University Press. For additional information about this book Mormon Trail, The William Hill Published by Utah State University Press Hill, William. Mormon Trail, The: Yesterday and Today. Logan: Utah State University Press, 1996. Project MUSE., https://muse.jhu.edu/.

More information

Born Nov. 2, 1795 near Pineville, NC Education graduate of the University of North Carolina 1818

Born Nov. 2, 1795 near Pineville, NC Education graduate of the University of North Carolina 1818 Born Nov. 2, 1795 near Pineville, NC Education graduate of the University of North Carolina 1818 Occupation Lawyer Political Party Democratic Married Jan. 1, 1824 to Sarah Childress Died June 15, 1849

More information

Life in the New Nation ( )

Life in the New Nation ( ) America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 7 Life in the New Nation (1783 1850) Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. All rights reserved.

More information

MANIFEST DESTINY Louisiana Territory

MANIFEST DESTINY Louisiana Territory Louisiana Territory 1. Southwest Santa Fe Trail- Independence, MO to Santa Fe, NM, 1 st attempt thru TX and Mexico William Becknell- developed trade route, caravan system - traded goods to settlers 2.

More information

US History, November 14

US History, November 14 US History, November 14 Entry Task: Analyze the following picture with your table (ppt slide) John Gast s American Progress (1872). Identify 3 aspects of Americans concerning westward movement. Announcements:

More information

HIST 1301 Part Three. 13: An Age of Expansion

HIST 1301 Part Three. 13: An Age of Expansion HIST 1301 Part Three 13: An Age of Expansion Manifest Destiny Trails West A belief in Manifest Destiny led many Americans to go west in the early 1800s. 2 min. 51 sec. [It is] our manifest destiny to overspread

More information

Chapter 7 - Manifest Destiny

Chapter 7 - Manifest Destiny Chapter 7 - Manifest Destiny 1) By the time the Civil War began, more Americans lived west of the Appalachians than lived in states along the Atlantic coast 2) Many emigrants headed for California and

More information

Activity Introduction Hey there, I d like to welcome you to today s lesson Defining and Settling Louisiana! It s gonna expand your mind for sure!

Activity Introduction Hey there, I d like to welcome you to today s lesson Defining and Settling Louisiana! It s gonna expand your mind for sure! Defining and Settling Louisiana H1092 Activity Introduction Hey there, I d like to welcome you to today s lesson Defining and Settling Louisiana! It s gonna expand your mind for sure! Video 1 Introduction

More information

Chapter 7 Section 2. Crossing the Appalachians

Chapter 7 Section 2. Crossing the Appalachians Chapter 7 Section 2 Crossing the Appalachians With a growing and youthful population, the United States needed space to expand. Young couples dreamed of creating a bright and secure future for themselves

More information

Study Guide: Sunshine State Standards

Study Guide: Sunshine State Standards Ù Ç È É Ê Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ì È Í Ê Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Î Ï È Ð Ð Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Study Guide: Chapter

More information

Unit 3 Part 2. Analyze the movement toward greater democracy and its impact. Describe the personal and political qualities of Andrew Jackson.

Unit 3 Part 2. Analyze the movement toward greater democracy and its impact. Describe the personal and political qualities of Andrew Jackson. Unit 3 Part 2 Trace the settlement and development of the Spanish borderlands. Explain the concept of Manifest Destiny. Describe the causes and challenges of westward migration. Explain how Texas won independence

More information

Texas History 2013 Fall Semester Review

Texas History 2013 Fall Semester Review Texas History 2013 Fall Semester Review #1 According to the colonization laws of 1825, a man who married a Mexican woman. Received extra A: B: land Was not allowed to colonize Had to learn C: D: Spanish

More information

CHAPTER 7. American Indian and Pioneers (Clash of Cultures)

CHAPTER 7. American Indian and Pioneers (Clash of Cultures) CHAPTER 7 American Indian and Pioneers (Clash of Cultures) Essential Question 14 One week after the Mormons moved, the Mormons watched a bad fight, Shoshones against the Utes. Why didn t they help stop

More information

Spanish Settlement in Texas

Spanish Settlement in Texas Name!! Date Spanish Settlement in Texas! Spaniards began exploring what is now the United States in the 1500s. Cabeza de Vaca and three other members from his expedition arrived near the Galveston coast

More information

Westward Expansion / Manifest Destiny DBQ

Westward Expansion / Manifest Destiny DBQ Westward Expansion / Manifest Destiny DBQ Directions: Analyze the documents and answer the short-answer questions that follow each document in the space provided. Document 1: 1. What happened to the population

More information

UTAH...THIS IS THE PLACE

UTAH...THIS IS THE PLACE , Gary Francis Music- Gary Francis UTAH...THIS IS THE PLACE (The State Song of Utah) Utah! People working together Utah! What a great place to be. Blessed from Heaven above. It s the land that we love.

More information

Supplement to Chapter 17 Conflict and Change in the West

Supplement to Chapter 17 Conflict and Change in the West Supplement to Chapter 17 Conflict and Change in the West 1865-1902 The Native American Though the Native American is portrayed as being a singular stereotype, they were diverse in culture and in lifestyles

More information

D14 BR: Were the Spaniards right? Were the Native Americans savages that needed the Spaniards help? What do you think?

D14 BR: Were the Spaniards right? Were the Native Americans savages that needed the Spaniards help? What do you think? D14 BR: Were the Spaniards right? Were the Native Americans savages that needed the Spaniards help? What do you think? Utah Studies Mountain Men in Utah Goals for Today: We will learn: How the Old Spanish

More information

Exchange at the Presidio The Mormon Battalion Enters Tucson, 16 December 1846 El Presidio Plaza, Tucson, Pima County, Arizona

Exchange at the Presidio The Mormon Battalion Enters Tucson, 16 December 1846 El Presidio Plaza, Tucson, Pima County, Arizona Exchange at the Presidio The Mormon Battalion Enters Tucson, 16 December 1846 El Presidio Plaza, Tucson, Pima County, Arizona TRAIL SEGMENT 2. Main Command TRAIL DATE 16 Dec 1846 DEDICATION DATE 14 Dec

More information

SETTLEMENTS TRANSPORTATION & MINING. Chapter 9 Utah Studies

SETTLEMENTS TRANSPORTATION & MINING. Chapter 9 Utah Studies SETTLEMENTS TRANSPORTATION & MINING Chapter 9 Utah Studies HUNTSVILLE-1860 Seven families led by Jefferson Hunt established Huntsville in 1860. They found Shoshone living in the Ogden Valley and paid a

More information

Section Preview. Manifest Destiny. Section1

Section Preview. Manifest Destiny. Section1 Section Preview As you read, look for: the concept of manifest destiny, the westward expansion of the United States, and vocabulary terms: manifest destiny, annex, and skirmish. Below: Revolting against

More information

Great Pioneer. Projects. Sample file. You Can Build Yourself. Rachel Dickinson

Great Pioneer. Projects. Sample file. You Can Build Yourself. Rachel Dickinson Great Pioneer Projects You Can Build Yourself Rachel Dickinson Nomad Press A division of Nomad Communications 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Copyright 2007 by Nomad Press All rights reserved. No part of this book

More information

U.S. History I Ch War with Mexico Mexico, upset about the Texas Annexation, goes to war with the U.S.

U.S. History I Ch War with Mexico Mexico, upset about the Texas Annexation, goes to war with the U.S. Bellringer: D14 Summarize the history of Texas up to Annexation in 1845 (pp 362-368) 1820s - Spain / Mexico offer attractive land grants to settlers Rules? Learn Spanish, be Catholic, and become Mexican

More information

The Louisiana Territory Act-It-Out

The Louisiana Territory Act-It-Out I N F O R M ATI O N MASTER A The Louisiana Territory Act-It-Out Follow the narration below to create an act-it-out about the Louisiana Territory. When your teacher says Action!, the actors will move, act,

More information

Manifest Destiny. Chapter

Manifest Destiny. Chapter Chapter Manifest Destiny 1820 1848 SECTION 1 The Western Pioneers SECTION 2 The Hispanic Southwest SECTION 3 Independence for Texas SECTION 4 The War With Mexico Settlers head west in covered wagons, carrying

More information

H THE STORY OF TEXAS EDUCATOR GUIDE H. Student Objectives TEKS. Guiding Questions. Materials

H THE STORY OF TEXAS EDUCATOR GUIDE H. Student Objectives TEKS. Guiding Questions. Materials H C H A P T E R F I V E H A GROWING SENSE OF SEPARATENESS Overview Chapter 5: A Growing Sense of Separateness begins at the entrance of the Second Floor exhibits and stretches through Stephen F. Austin

More information

EXPLORERS, MOUNTAIN MEN, & PIONEERS

EXPLORERS, MOUNTAIN MEN, & PIONEERS UNIT 3: EXPLORERS, MOUNTAIN MEN, & PIONEERS Chapters 4, 5, 6 The Spanish Come to Utah After the explorations of Christopher Columbus, the Spanish sent other explorers to claim land in North and South America

More information

Warm- Up 3/21 List three mo4ves, or reasons, for why the Lewis and Clark expedi4on explored the West.

Warm- Up 3/21 List three mo4ves, or reasons, for why the Lewis and Clark expedi4on explored the West. Warm- Up 3/21 List three mo4ves, or reasons, for why the Lewis and Clark expedi4on explored the West. Who Were the Explorers? In the early 1800s, a number of expedi4ons set out from the United States to

More information

Lesson Title Manifest Destiny Teacher Elizabeth Gibson Grade Level 4th Duration of Lesson 2 class period. Lesson Topic SC Standards and Indicators

Lesson Title Manifest Destiny Teacher Elizabeth Gibson Grade Level 4th Duration of Lesson 2 class period. Lesson Topic SC Standards and Indicators Lesson Title Manifest Destiny Teacher Elizabeth Gibson Grade Level 4th Duration of Lesson 2 class period Lesson Topic SC Standards and Indicators Westward Expansion 4-The student will demonstrate an understanding

More information

Doctrine & Covenants and Church History Study Squares

Doctrine & Covenants and Church History Study Squares Doctrine & Covenants and Church History Study Squares As you study the Doctrine and Covenants, use this book to record things you learn in each chapter. Pick a favorite doctrine or principle, something

More information

Major Indian White Conflicts U T A H H I S T O R Y C H A P T E R 7

Major Indian White Conflicts U T A H H I S T O R Y C H A P T E R 7 Major Indian White Conflicts U T A H H I S T O R Y C H A P T E R 7 Native Americans vs. Mormons: Conflicts happened over a period of time. They were sometimes violent, but were usually resolved peacefully.

More information

Who were the Mountain Men?

Who were the Mountain Men? Mountain Men Who were the Mountain Men? Inspired by the adventures of Lewis and Clark, thousands of explorers and fur trappers roamed the American Rocky Mountains from about 1810 to the early 1840s. Today

More information

Ch 13: Moving West Name. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Ch 13: Moving West Name. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Ch 13: Moving West Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) By 1860, The United States had settled: A) its boundaries with both Canada

More information

Who were the Mormons and why did they decide to Head West?

Who were the Mormons and why did they decide to Head West? Who were the Mormons and why did they decide to Head West? Learning Objectives: To understand who the Mormons were and why they were unpopular in the East. To assess how successful their move West was

More information

Chapter 8: Living in Territorial Utah. (Culture, Business, Transportation, and Mining)

Chapter 8: Living in Territorial Utah. (Culture, Business, Transportation, and Mining) Chapter 8: Living in Territorial Utah (Culture, Business, Transportation, and Mining) Introduction When a new community was founded the first people slept in or under their wagons until a more permanent

More information

Unit Test. The New Republic. Form A. best choice in the space provided. Bear Flag Revolt? a. A union of Spanish settlers

Unit Test. The New Republic. Form A. best choice in the space provided. Bear Flag Revolt? a. A union of Spanish settlers The New Republic Unit Test Form A MULTIPLE CHOICE For each of the following, write the letter of the best choice in the space provided. 1. What happened during the Bear Flag Revolt? a. A union of Spanish

More information

Remembering. Remembering the Alamo. Visit for thousands of books and materials.

Remembering. Remembering the Alamo.  Visit  for thousands of books and materials. Remembering the Alamo A Reading A Z Level T Leveled Reader Word Count: 1,456 LEVELED READER T Remembering the Alamo Written by Kira Freed Visit www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials.

More information

EXPANDING MARKETS & MOVING WEST C H AP T E R 9

EXPANDING MARKETS & MOVING WEST C H AP T E R 9 EXPANDING MARKETS & MOVING WEST C H AP T E R 9 MARKET REVOLUTION Becoming more industrialized, especially in the Northeast with textile mills, but also mining was beginning to pay big dividends Farmers

More information

Chapter 5 Colonization and the Empresarios

Chapter 5 Colonization and the Empresarios Lone Star: The Story of Texas Chapter 5 Colonization and the Empresarios (1821-1836) Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

More information

Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation

Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation How justifiable was U.S. expansion in the 1800s? P R E V I E W Your teacher will display a painting that is also reproduced at the beginning of this lesson in the

More information

Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny

Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny Mountain Men and the Rendezvous Chapter 13.1 Trails West Mountain men like JedediahSmith and Jim Beckworth survived by being tough and resourceful. To obtain furs, mountain men roamed the Great Plains

More information

Chapter 9. Expanding Markets and Moving West

Chapter 9. Expanding Markets and Moving West Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West Section 2: Manifest Destiny Americans move West Reasons for expansion Establishing empire for liberty as envisioned by Jefferson Opportunity - Louisiana Purchase

More information

Name Period Parent Signature (EC) LESSON PACKET NEVADA 7 th Social Studies DUE DATE:

Name Period Parent Signature (EC) LESSON PACKET NEVADA 7 th Social Studies DUE DATE: Name Period Parent Signature (EC) LESSON PACKET NEVADA 7 th Social Studies DUE DATE: Much of ancient Nevada use to be covered by waters from ancient Lake Lahontan. Indians from Nevada included the Washoe,

More information

Examiners Report June GCSE History 5HB02 2B

Examiners Report June GCSE History 5HB02 2B Examiners Report June 2013 GCSE History 5HB02 2B Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications come from Pearson, the UK s largest awarding body. We provide a wide range of qualifications

More information

Section 3: Expansion in Texas -In 1821 *Stephen F. Austin led the first of several groups of settlers to a fertile area along the Brazos River.

Section 3: Expansion in Texas -In 1821 *Stephen F. Austin led the first of several groups of settlers to a fertile area along the Brazos River. Chapter 9: Expanding Markets and Moving West Section 1: The Market Revolution *Samuel F. B. Morse- built an electromagnetic telegraph that could send signals through copper wire. This established new communications

More information

Westward. Expansion Before the Civil War. Timeline Cards

Westward. Expansion Before the Civil War. Timeline Cards Westward Expansion Before the Civil War Timeline Cards ISBN: 978-1-68380-225-9 Subject Matter Expert J. Chris Arndt, PhD Department of History, James Madison University Tony Williams, Senior Teaching Fellow,

More information

History of California Part 1 - The Missions to Statehood to the Violent 1850's. Murray Levy, Ed.D.

History of California Part 1 - The Missions to Statehood to the Violent 1850's. Murray Levy, Ed.D. History of California Part 1 - The Missions to Statehood to the Violent 1850's Murray Levy, Ed.D. Carlsbad Historical Society February 2012 Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo was from Portugal

More information

Name: 8 th Grade U.S. History. STAAR Review. Manifest Destiny

Name: 8 th Grade U.S. History. STAAR Review. Manifest Destiny 8 th Grade U.S. History STAAR Review Manifest Destiny FORT BURROWS 2018 VOCABULARY Annexation - To take a piece of land and add it to existing territory. Cede - To give up Compromise - An agreement where

More information

Technological changes create greater interaction and more economic diversity among the regions of the nation.

Technological changes create greater interaction and more economic diversity among the regions of the nation. SLIDE 1 Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West New technologies create links to new markets. Economic opportunity and manifest destiny encourage Americans to head west. The U.S. gains territory in

More information

Living In Territorial Utah: culture, business, transportation, and mining. Timeline. Schools in Utah Territory

Living In Territorial Utah: culture, business, transportation, and mining. Timeline. Schools in Utah Territory Slide 1 Living In Territorial Utah: culture, business, transportation, and mining Chapter 8 Slide 2 Timeline 1850 The University of Deseret (U of U) opens. Utah s first newspaper, the Deseret News, is

More information

MANIFEST DESTINY WESTWARD EXPANSION

MANIFEST DESTINY WESTWARD EXPANSION MANIFEST DESTINY WESTWARD EXPANSION REASONS FOR EXPANSION Political desire & necessity Economic more land meant more opportunity to make money Social Spread religion and open up more space to live POLITICAL

More information

Video warm-up- Market Revolution (crash course)

Video warm-up- Market Revolution (crash course) Warm-up for 9-1 Video warm-up- Market Revolution (crash course) What inventions and technologies have made your lives more enjoyable? Have these technologies helped the economy? Market Revolution- major

More information

Chapter 8 From Colony to Territory to State

Chapter 8 From Colony to Territory to State Chapter 8 From Colony to Territory to State Standard 2 Key Events, Ideas and People: Students analyze how the contributions of key events, ideas, and people influenced the development of modern Louisiana.

More information

Chapter 3: Many Flags over Iowa

Chapter 3: Many Flags over Iowa Chapter 3: Many Flags over Iowa CONTENT OBJECTIVES IOWA PAST TO PRSENT TEACHERS GUIDE Revised 3 rd Edition Following the completion of the readings and activities for this chapter, students will have acquired

More information

CHAPTER 4. The Great Encounter. American Indians Meet Explorers and Mountain Men

CHAPTER 4. The Great Encounter. American Indians Meet Explorers and Mountain Men CHAPTER 4 The Great Encounter American Indians Meet Explorers and Mountain Men Introduction During 1765, when the American Revolution was starting to unfold, Spanish missionaries began crossing into Utah.

More information

American West Paper 2

American West Paper 2 Independent Study Booklet American West Paper 2 Name: CONTENTS Homework Number SUB TOPIC 1, 2 & 3 The lifestyle of the Native Americans 4, 5 & 6 The Early Settlers 7, 8 & 9 Early conflict and tension 10,

More information