Administrative History of the Nauvoo Legion in Utah

Transcription

1 Brgham Young Unversty BYU ScholarsArchve All Theses and Dssertatons 954 Admnstratve Hstory of the Nauvoo Legon n Utah Ralph Hansen Brgham Young Unversty - Provo Follow ths and addtonal works at: Part of the Hstory Commons, and the Mormon Studes Commons BYU ScholarsArchve Ctaton Hansen, Ralph, "Admnstratve Hstory of the Nauvoo Legon n Utah" (954). All Theses and Dssertatons Ths Thess s brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchve. It has been accepted for ncluson n All Theses and Dssertatons by an authorzed admnstrator of BYU ScholarsArchve. For more nformaton, please contact scholarsarchve@byu.edu, ellen_amatangelo@byu.edu.

2 azz N admnstratve HISTORY OF THE NAUVOO LEGION IN UTAH A thess presented to the department of hstory brgham young unversty provo utah n partal fulfllment of the requrements for the degree master of arts n hstory by ralph hansen I 94 june 954

3 acknowledget acknowledged acknowledgements ENTO I n vew of the fact that the author s not a natve utahn recognton of the followng ndvduals consttutes sncere apprecaton rather than a mere formalty conyattee dr rchard D poll of the thess eony comrrttee suggested the general subject whch was developed nto the restrcted le9 on lon study of the admnstratve hstory of the legon natle natemal ma the offce staff of the utah natonal guard and colonel hamlton gardner retred drected the author to manuscrpt materal whch must be the bass of any future studes n ths feld as they were for ths one the author wshes to express hs apprecaton to the lbrarans at the L D S church lbrary who were more than generous n drectng the author to ther sources as dd the lbrarans at the state hstorcal soe socety and the brgham young unversty lety my wfe has been a valuable assstant especally n typng the frst draft A 7 and n encouragng contnued effort toward completon of ths work 0 l l ll

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS chapter page I ntroducton II legslatve organzaton 9 III ll l functonal organzaton 6 table of organzaton mltary dstrcts offcers IV departments OF THE GENERAL STAFF 3 adjutant generals department reports deports of the adjutant general R quartermaster commssary and paymaster V departments OF THE GENERAL STAFF CONTINUED 7 ordnance topographcal engneers judge advocate chaplans hosptal department musc department color department VI ARTILLERY CAVALRY AND INFANTRY 96 VII MUSTERS DRILLS ITJLS JJLS AND PARADES 06 J 35 VIII DECLINE deodne AND dssoluton pa p3 bblography a v

5 LIST OF llustratons fgure page pag e IV v

6 I ntroducton tradtonally a mlta was a mltary organzaton formed on a voluntary bass as a permanent force for servce only n tmes of emergency modern mlta s sad to have chad ts roots n the anglosaxon fyrd whch was the force created by the oblgaton of every freeholder to defend the realm aganst nvaders ths tradton came to amerca wth the eng englsh settlers and by the mnutemen of lexngton and concord demonstrated the value of such a system n the 9th century the varous states had mlta organzatons whch were created prncpally to gve the members an opportunty to drll parade and wear brght unforms they were however called nto servce n all the wars of that century the organzaton of the natonal guard superceded the many ndependent groups and the adopton of conscrpton through selectve servce dmnshed the mportance of the mlta so ngraned was the mltasystem system n the amercan way of lfe that t was ncluded n the consttuton artcle two of the bll of rghts says that a well regulated mlta beng necessary to the securty of a free state the rght of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be WO p9p pa mlta t the columba encyclopeda 2nd edton

7 2 nfrnged lt otng furthermore the necessty for acee acceptng dotng and furtherng the development of a mlta was voced by many of the leadng statesmen of the late leth and early 9th centures 2 n the early 840s the mormon people of the then western unted states oho mssour llnos found t expedent to protect themselves from persecuton by the unsympathetc neghbors the core of ths protecton was to be an ndependent mlta wth such an organzaton the mormons thought to preserve ther nherent rghts of personal securty personal lberty and prvate property the mlta that was organzed dd not provde the salvaton that was hoped of t the opponents of mormonsm eventually had ther day and drove the sants from east of the msssspp the mlta whch was organzed by the mormons was named the nauvoo legon after the cty of nauvoo llnos the center of the mormon church n the 840s 0 84 n the fall of john bennett C was commssoned to go to sprngfeld the captal of llnos to secure charters for the cty the mlta and the unversty of nauvoo n hs efforts he was entrely successful the three charters were ncorporated as one and on december sgnatures of the governor and secretary of state stephen A douglas completed ajames 2james brown scott the mlta senate document no 69 62nd congress 2nd sesson pp 695 ap

8 3 legslatures the work of the legslature33 the powers granted to the cty were very lberal ffth the twentyffth secton of the charter provded for the organzaton and the government rement of the mlta as follows the cty councl nay rṟay may organze the nhabtants of sad cty subject to mltary duty nto a body of ndependent mltary meant to be called the nauvoo legon court martal of the courtmartal whch shall be composed of the commssoned offcers of sad legon and consttute the law makng department wth full powers and authorty to make ordan establsh and execute all such laws and ordnances as may be consdered necessary for the beneft government and regulaton of sad legon provded sad courtmartal shall pass no law or act repugnant to or nconsstent wth the consttuton of the unted states or of ths state also that the offcers of the legon shall be commssoned by the Gov governor of and provded erncr the state the sad legon shall perform the same amount of mltary duty as s now or may be hereafter requred of the regular mlta of the state and shall be at the dsposal of the mayor n executng the laws and ordnances of the cty corporaton and the laws of the state or of the unted states and shall be enttled to ther proporton of the publc arms andprovded that rald gald gad rad legon shall be exempt from all other mltary duty several days later the followng amendment became law any ctzen of hancock county may by voluntary enrollment attach hmself to the nauvoo legon wth all the prvleges whch appertan to that ndependent mltary body 5 john C bennett rewarded for hs success at sprngfeld by electon as mayor of nauvoo sad n hs naugural cty 3wllam awllam 3 berrett the restored church salt lake the department of educaton of the church of jesus chrst of latterday latterday day p 224 sants L orson F whtney hstory of utah salt lake cty george Q cannon & sons co pe &93 vol I p 82 ar 5r R W young the nauvoo legon january december pa p9 P the contrbutor

9 4 address early facltes should be afforded caff darf dary corded the courtmartal for perfectng ther plan of drll rules and regulatons 6 that sane e day the councl passed sed an ordnance whch dvded the nauvoo legon nto two cohorts cavalry and nfantry the ory hghest offce orf orrleers ce lee ee was that of leutenant general gcneral other orf offcers of the varous branches were created by the ordnance whch also provded that the dscplne and the drll of the legon as well as the unforms were to be patterned after the unted practcal7 states army as far as t was practcal 7 on february 4 84 the courtmartal martal met and the electon of offcers resulted n the choce of joseph smth for leutenant general john C bennett major general and wlson law and don carlos smth as the brgadergenerals generals of the two cohorts the staffs of the respectve generals were chosen from the leadng ctzens of nauvoo some of whom were not members of the mormon church the nauvoo legon accordng to t0 john bennett C and others who rely chefly on hs account was patterned after the ancent roman legon rchard W young a graduate of west pont and an early authorty on the mormon mltary says that there was lttle resemblancebetween between theroman roman and nauvoo legons except n the use of the names legon and cohort and the rank of the superor offcer the nauvoo legon was a very topheavy corps the staffs of the general offcers were 6bd bd 7bde bd

10 5 unusually large and somewhat fantastc although the army of the unted states as well as the mlta of llnos had no offcerhgher offcer hgher than a major general joseph smth was a leutenant general the ndependent nature of the legon would nde pendent probably have prevented ts offcers from rankng the regular armys n the event of a call to actve servce 8 all the ctzens of nauvoo not exempted bylaw were requred to attend the legon absence from general parades was punshable by a fne rangng from fve to tc twentyfve dollars dependng upon rank absence from company corpany parades resulted n lesser fnes the nauvoo legon whch was organzed wth only sx companes grew to ffteen hundred men n the summer of 84 to two thousand a year later and to approxmately fve thousand by IS n 842 the organzaton of the legon was perfected n a manner whch suggested the work of john C bennett who had a brllant magnaton n ths fantastc scheme a herald and armorbearer plus other supernumerares supernlurerares were added to the staff of the leutenantgeneral and the major general n spte of ths topheavy organzaton the legon was progressng to the pont that some companes were completely unformed and others partally so the unform whch was patterned after the regular army style used a unque emblem to dstngush the varous grades among 8bd7 bd p 470 gyo young ung 0op ct P elt et ct p 46

11 6 offcers an ostrch feather whch was dyed a dfferent color for earh rank Un unforms forms never became becane bee canne carne carbe cor corl cot common mon probably because of the dffculty of gettng a talor to make one n less than a year parades by the legon caused a general holday sprt to preval n the entre area and the ctzens came from mles around to enjoy the festvtes ths popularty and the color of the overelaborate elaborate and effcent mltary organzaton caused petty detty jealouses n the other mltas of the state whereas joseph smth meant the legon to be of servce to the state and naton fearful observers were lkenng the legon to the hords of mohammed who spread relgon r by the sword the enemes of the mormons had only to pont to one of the many musters or drlls to awaken the fears of the people of llnos hence that whch was to protect the sants was transformed by ther enemes nto an excuse for dstrustng them 0 As early as the wnter vnter of the repeal of the charter of the legon was urged n the legslature ant cormons mormon sentmentbegan to grow and when n 844 the newspaper the nauvoo expostor was destroyed by the mormons Mor mons t became necessary to place nauvoo under martal law the legon was mustered nto servce and joseph smth took personal command of t governor thomas ford sent word to nauvoo that the mormons must return to the state of llnos the publc 0 B H roberts A comprehensve hstory of jesus chrst of latterday of jesus chrst of latterday hstor bstor of the church day sants salt lake cty church day sants 930 vol I p 60

12 7 arms ssued to the legon amountng to three cannons and about two hundred muskets the men turned over ther arms wth no apparent show of malce the death of joseph smth n 644 and the repeal of the nauvoo charter n struck mortal blows at the lfe of the legon n llnos brgham young succeeded smth as the commander but he dd not have the same degree of nterest n the legon as ts founder before too long the state took t upon tself to cut the muscle from the body of the church wth the aforementoned charter repeal whch ended the nauvoo legons legal exstence the mlta of the mormon people was not ready to become a page n hstory true the organzaton was defunct but references to ts exstence were made durng the crossng of the plans when the sants were preparng for the western trek a meetng was held n whch the followng occurred occured cured presdent Young come together to organze and take care of ourselves brgham young nformed them that we had n ths savage country and prepare for gong over the mountans pres young asked f they would take the offcers n the nauvoo legon or choose new ones voted unanmously to take the old offcers 2 e the old nauvoo brass band crossed the plans and they brought wth them the orgnal flag whch they hadused hadusek n the parades and drlls of the orgnal nauvoo legon some of the young op QP ct et elt ct7 cta elty ety p 86 2journal hstoryof P journal hstory of the L D S church hstory MSS n the L D S church hstorans offce salt lake cty utah typewrtten copes of documents and clppngs from newspapers churchy september 22

13 8 cannon must have crossed wth the early emgrants for we fnd 80 3 one n use n the ndan engagement at fort utah n 850 n addton to the physcal evdence t seems safe to assume that some of the poneers brought wth them mental remembrances of the onceproud mlta whch contrbuted to the desre to reactvate t n utah 3 3whtney whtney op ct vol I p 427 O0R

14 II legslatve organzaton reorgan the legslatve reorganzaton baton of the nauvoo legon n organp zaton the west was carred out through enactments of three lawmakng bodes the hgh councl of the church of jesus chrst of latterday sants the legslature of the state of deseret and the legslature of the terrtory of utah durng the early perod of the settlement of utah the cormons mormons Mormons who made lttle dstncton between cvl and relgous rule used the organzaton of the church for the regons cvl admnstraton the hgh councl of the salt lake stake has the dstncton of passng the frst enactments whch recreated the nauvoo legon n utah f rst on january the hgh councl passed on ordnance appontng an armorer and determnng that an armory be erected on march the councl authorzed the organzaton of a mlta and on the 3st george D grant was apponted to rase a company of mounted men to protect the settlers n salt lake valley 2 n that same month the consttuton of the provsonal state of deseret was accepted and a new body took over the regns of governments the consttuton of deseret provded for a mlta n eel lcecl ccecl hstorcal quarterly aprl july october 9400 ecl J alter ed the state of deseret utah sbdo 2bdo 94 ppe

15 0 artcle sx sec the mlta of ths state shall be composed of all able boded whte male ctzens between the ages of 8 & 454 years except such as are or may hereafter be exempt by the laws of the unted states or of ths state and shall be armed equpped and traned as the general assembly may provde by law sec 2 all commssoned offcers of the mlta staff offcers excepted shall be elected by the persons lable to perform mltary duty offcers shall be commssoned by the governor 5 const conat tuton auton and all C commssoned snunssoned the consttuton lmted the age of the partcpants to no younger than eghteen nor older than forty fve yet on march 9th ath the legslatve councl of the state of deseret met and passed an ordnance organzng the nauvoo legon that ordnance contaned other age lmts that a commttee of three be apponted to organze or authorze others to organze all male nhabtants of the valley of the great salt lake who are able boded men over fourteen and under seventyfve years of age nto dfferent companes the whole to form an entre mltary organzaton of the people under the name of the nauvoo legon whereupon amasa v lyman I charles C rch and danel H wells were apponted sad commttee4 conunttee44 commttees eventually the members under eghteen were organzed nto the juvenle rfles and those over fortyfve fve nto the slver greyso grayso more wll be told of these organzatons n ther proper place whle the state of deseret was the de facto organ of government the nauvoo legon was formally organzed aprl 28 l the state legslature also enacted three measures lep bd bd pe 6 4journal hstory hstor bstor march 9 849

16 whch provded for the further development of the mltary odthe ofthe resources of the terrtory crulatng the frst of these laws was an ordnance regulatng 0 the mlta of the state of deseret passed on december c 9 n part ths law sad that t was every mans duty 4 5 to serve and to provde hmself wth the necessary arms and equpment other sectons of the law outlned the provsons for musters and the punshment of delnquents t also organzed a company of mounted rangers and a company of mnute men f I the second au hor zng an ordnance authorzng the erecton of a buldng for the safe keepng of the publc property purchasng arms ammunton supples &c ac s self explanatory and wll be dealt wth n dscussng the ordnance department 0 the fnal ordnance of the state legslature was passed on january ls s and pertaned prmarly to completng the 6 admnstratve organzaton of the legon 7 the act dvded the regon nto mltary dstrcts provded the method and procedure for enrollng members organzed the procedure to wards delnquents and authorzed the quartermaster and commssary to make out reports of expendtures ths ordnance was probably the product of charles C rch wllam W phelps wlllard danel H wells wllard snow hosea stout the members of kter 5alter balter alter op ety catl ct elty ctl ppe ppa bdq la l8 86 aple pple journal rj hstory january 7 85 hsto 8

17 2 Lttee the standng commttee comlttee conmttee on Ml mltary n the general assembly 0 8 upon the urgng of governor brgham young the frst sesson of the terrtoral legslature of utah was motvc motvected motvated ted to act on behalf of the legon the resultant act passed n l was seventy eght sectons n length too long for sum maton at ths pont ths act provded much of the foundaton upon whch the legon was developed pror to at whch tme a new act superseded t one feature s worthy of menton here provson for a leutenant general to command the th6 tha provscn 0 UA as fs the legon dod H wells the second elected commander n Ddad utah held the rank of major general untl hs reelecton n when he smtha became the frst leutenant general snce joseph smth9 on dec the legslature passed an act whch furthered the constructon of an armory and approprated money for the encouragement of a mltary school and for the development of an ordnance department 0 for almost four years the legon carred on wthout any more major legslatve enactments pertanng to organzaton but by 857 t was apparent to some that all was not well the lack of feld actvty after the concluson of the walker war produced a need for a closer knt organzaton whch could 8alter balter 0 ct alter op 02 ol o elty cta ety p 233 9acts pacts ct7 acts resolutons and memcralsy V 7emcrals passed by the frst S solatve satve annual and specal hecla beca sessons of the legslatve assembly of the terrtory 3 of utah great salt lake cty utah terrtory brgham H young prnter pp sla ap deseret lc3 lck news january 22 lr53 0

18 3 legon keep the nterest of the legons members at a hgh ptch the legslature consequently passed an act whch gave the leutenantgeneral the authorty to draft a new mltary law general wells called upon generals H S eldredge james janes ferguson A P rockwood and G D grant colonels N B clawson and L W hardy leutenant colonels wllam H kmball and wllam hyde and major R I burton for ad terrtoral TI j attorney general hosea stout was also asked to tc serve hosea stout records n hs dary that the commttee comrttee comnttee met on the nght of february to draft a new mltary law2 detals of the plan dscussed wll be dealt wth n chapter three the commttee drew up a set of regulatons whch were put nto force not by legslatve enactment but through the authorty whch created the comlttee comrttee Lttee and the power t had to reorganze the legon although thrtythree three sectons n length enactn enacts ants ents the reorganzaton order often repeated old enactrents and n the man strengthened only the staff organzaton of the mlta two new unts resulted from the reorganzaton a corps of topographcal engneers and an ordnance department A topographcal engneer had been on the general staff pror to but the poston had nvolved one man wthout ades 3 deseret leseret news january hosea stout dary alss Ss lbrary vol 7 P typewrtten brgham young unversty 3 deseret news aprl &

19 4 the reorganzaton of le57 authorzed by the legslature vcr ara aopearcd r peang peare d to be the last ended endeavor on behalf of the legon by ths body n 867 the legslature adopted a resoluton whch ndcated that a better mltary law mght be n order burton and danel H wells george A smth robert T burton and wllam B pace were apponted camrlssoners comr comrssoners to draft a mltary code for submsson to the lawmakers 4 dd the commttee comrttee comnttee ever act on a new code the lack of records other than offcal enactments on the terrtoral df dlffcult scult legslature made t dffcult to trace the actvtes of specal camr comr comrrssoners and others apponted to make reports there s among the papers of the utah natonal guard n salt lake an act concernng mlta whch accordng to ts front page 5 was passed february lt f t was passed t never receved the approval of governor charles durkee because t s not publshed among the offcal acts of the terrtory the acts acs mportance s mnor snce t s a restatement of prevous enactments 4 acts resolutons and memoralsy Memoral memorals memorally nauvoo legon papers collected by the ua government U S when u6 bl b passed at the several annual sessons of the legslatve assembly of the terrtory of utah from nclusve salt lake cty utah joseph bull publc prnter 870 p archves salt lake cty archves of the utah natonal guard utan utah the archves fort douglas archves are a collecton of utah veterans were pressng clams for ndan war servce the papers are n an old safe unarranged and mproperly stored some evdence of order s vsble but there s no ndex to the materal the author went through each drawer and envelope whch contaned relevant materal snce there s no way of dentfyng the source by reference to page fle or shelf these records wll be referred to only as Archvese archves veso

20 5 I the task of developng a fronter mlta was not one whch a legslature could handle alone the groundwork was lad by legal actons but t was up to the mltary to provde for the detals of organzaton ths was accomplshed by numerous orders emanatng from the commandng generals offce and some from the varous dvson commanders most of these orders created new companes battalons regments or dvsons apponted offcers and dvded mltary dstrcts nto smaller compact unts publcaton n the deseret news or on a handbll made these general orders offcal deseret news aprl 8 857

21 III l ll functonal organzaton the legslatve organzaton of the nauvoo legon ended n after undergong several changes the pre legon was governed prmarly by the law of &2 consequently the laws of and form the bases of ths study when the report of danel H wells and charles C rchl blehl bleh bch rch was adopted n 849 t was decded that there would be two cohorts wth four regments n each cohort each regment was to have two battalons wth fve companes n each ba- tallon talon ttal talon 2 3of bof by the thnkng concernng the T 0 E of the crystall zed legon had crystallzed crystalzed crystallzed somewhat n the law of that year the dvson was substtuted for the cohort 4 the dvson was to have not less than two nor more than four brgades ether nfantry or cavalry each dvson was to have one major general one dvson paymaster one surgeon and two chaplans dvsont A brgade had the same opton as a dvson t had. optonal optonas lonas n the report amasa lyman was on a msson and dd not partcpate 2 journal hstory march table stable tabe of organzaton acts frst sesson lon legslatve ng lslatve assembly p 47 6

22 7 I two to four regments f the brgade was nfantry t had attached to t one company of artllery f cavalry one company of lght artllery was attached each brgade had one brgader general and staff offcers smlar to the dvson wth the excepton that only one chaplan was called for the regment was allowed four to eght companes t was offcered wth one colonel one leutenant colonel one stance major one adjutant one commssary of subsstance subslstance subsstence one paymaster one surgeon one chaplan one sergeant major one quartermaster sergeant one prncpal muscan and two sergeant color bearers below the rank of regment the law became vague as to sze of unts A separate battalon was to have two to four companes the offcers of the separate battalon were a stance major an adjutant a commssary of subsstance subsstence one paymaster one surgeons mate a prncpal muscan and two sergeant color bearers on the company level the cavalry was permtted between twentyfve and ffty fftyseven seven prvates one captan a frst leutenant a second leutenant a thrd leutenant 5 four sergeants four corporals and two buglers completed the ft yt s not clear whether whetht r thrd leutenant n the company or orwhether desgnaton I whetst the desgnaton meant the t was an offcal

23 8 complment f the company had the bare mnmum of prvates there would be one offcer or noncommssoned offcer to each two men A caczlry alry company other than cavc cavalry was allotted more men than ts mounted counterpart the artllery lght artllery nfantry or rflemen were allocated not less than forty one nor more than eghtynne 6 the cavalry 0 prvates who were offcered lke As mentoned prevously on february hosea stout and others planned a comprehensve reorganzaton hs dary records ths evenng met wth a commttee to draft a new mltary law the object whch s tryng to be obtaned seems to be to get up a mltary organzaton accordng to the good old bble rule of captans of 0s 00s &c ac and at the sane lle tlle tle sa lle same tme to correspond wth the U tactcs as such an organzaton s thought by some more effcent the subject was only dscussed be farther sc consdered hereafter7 hereafter 7 S and to be wll not only was the subject further farther dscussed but t was acted upon the object as expressed by hosea stout may bele to have beenn get up a mltary organzaton accordng to the good old bble rule but t seems more of an effort to gve a defnte status to the unts whch were extremely flexble under the old law under the new desgn a dvson had two brgades no more no less n the new brgade there were to be one thousand rank and flee rankand fle ff A regment conssted of fve battalons pacts 6acts acts F frst sesson ll legslatve assembly ably bly p 3- L stout ostout op cte eta elta vol P

24 9 or fve hundred rank and fle 5 hence there were two regments n a brgade each battalon had one hundred men organzed nto two companes of ffty men and each company had fve platoons of ten men 8 0 the platoon was commanded by a second leutenant who wth a sergeant was elected by the platoon and had to be one of ther number and were counted as part of the ten whch made up the platoon t n the offcers n the hgher echelon unts were reorganzed as well as ther unts on the dvson level a major general was stll n coru command nand and hs staff was stll sx members but they were functonal n desgnaton n place of the paymaster nspector and one of the chaplans who were elmnated were an adjutant and two ades de camp on the brgade level the staff was cut from fve to three and so on lnea down the lne9 later growth of the legon dd not seem to stran the staffs as they were organzed n one excepton was n 866 when majorgenerals were authorzed to add one ade de camp to ther staff and brgader generals were authorzed to add two adesdecamp to 0 however by 869 a specal ttee attee suggested that the offce of regmental adedecamp comml commttee ades thers be dscontnued and that the number of majors n each regment be reduced to two reco the commttee also recommendedended that the offce of battalon adjutant be dscontnuede ll de 8deseret aseret news aprl eseret bde abde 87 bd lodeseret news aprl ar archves 9 chves

25 20 these organzatonal maneuvers were mnor and dd not affect the legon as t was put together n mltary dstrcts the queston of how to apporton the unts about the terrtory was frst answered by the last mltary enactment of the provsonal state of deseret 2 secton one dvded the state nto the followng mltary dstrcts box elder weber tooele thoele utah san pete and ron these countes and all other countes to be formed n the future were regmental dstrcts f the number of nhabtants dd not warrant a regment n the county then the lowest sze mltary unt practcable was to be used f need be the major general of the legon could order some ctzens to organze the dstrct wthout a unt secton two of the ordnance dvded great salt lake county nto two mltary dstrcts strcts were e n the mltary strcos dstrcts wer ncreased by the new terrtoral legslature great salt lake dstrct was confnedc to the lmts of that cty and west jordan and cottonwood dstrcts n the county other dstrcts davs green rver and pauvan padvan were also created by the act 3 of the 3 twelve dstrcts organzed to date only pauvan padvan dstrct dd not take on the same name as the county t represented ed t ncluded all the mlta wthn mllard county t s nterestng to note that box elder bder eder mltary 2 alter op ct p 28 acts frst sesson legslatve assembly pl48 p8 3acts

26 2 dstrct dd not become box elder county untl n l the deseret enactments dealng wth box elder mltary dstrct were repealed wth bhe the ghe creaton of box elder dlder elder eder ellder county n the mltary dstrct of the same sare sarde salde te sate name was revved and the countes of cache malad and greasewood were 9 attached to t for mltary purposes 5 nn 856 P the general order whch recreated box elder dstrct 86 also consttuted carson county as a mltary dstrct and attached st marys county to carson county for mltary purposes shambp shambs county was attached to tooele thoele mltary dstrct for a lke purpose as was beaver county to ron mltary dstrct summt county was attached to green rver dstrct also mentoned n these orders was juab but there s no record of when ths county was made a mltary dstrct 6 the organzaton n stood at fourteen dstrcts representng nneteen countes only great salt lake county had more than one mltary dstrct the reorganzaton of the mlta n857 lbs lb7 brought about some changes n the arrangement of the mltary dstrcts the three mltary dstrcts of salt lake county were combned whle utah countys one dstrct was expanded nto three unts the new plan had thrteen dstrcts the dstrct of carson was completely dropped n the new structure 7 4 alter op ct et 5deseret deseret news elt p log 090 ctal ps Deseret june bd 87 all the mormons aban- 7deseret news aprl doned the carson valley settlements wthn a few months after

27 22 the complete lst of mltary dstrcts wth the countes ncluded and the organzers s lsted below oe 09 loe mltary detrlets dstrcts great salt lake mltary dstrct to embrace the whole of great salt lake county the supervson of george D and to be organzed under grant 2 green rver county to be organzed nto one dstrct under the supervson of saac bullock 3 the northern porton of utah county extendng south to the northern lmts of provo cty corporaton to be organzed nto one dstrct under the supervson of davd evans to be called the leh mltary dstrct 4 the provo mltary dstrct to extend to the corporaton boundares of provo cty on the north and south the eastern and western lmts of utah county organzed under the supervson of P W conover the peteet neet mltary dstrct to be to embrace the whole of utah county south of provo to be organzed under the supervson of aaron johnson 6 the juab mltary dstrct to nclude the whole of juab county of george W and to be organzed under the supervson brandley 7 the sanpete mltary dstrct to nclude the whole of sanpete county of warren snow 8 the pauvan padvan mltary dstrct to be organzed under the supervson to nclude the whole of mllard county to be organzed by Lle H mccullough 9 the ron mltary dstrct to nclude ron beaver and washngton countes b W H dame thoele mltary dstrcts dstrctl all of tooele thoele county comty john rowberry of davs county by 7 0 tooele davs mltary dstrct all allen klen klen alen alen taylor comaty by 2 weber mltary dstrct all of weber and summt countes by davd moore halad 3 box elder mltary dstrct all of box elder malad and cache countes by jefferson wrght8 Wrght and of the thrteen men assgned the task of organzng the mltary dstrcts all but four were later elected as commanders of the dstrcts they had organzed 9 9 8bd bd 9whtney whtney op ct vol I p 622 P W conover sder davd moore moorc moora weber provo jefferson wrght box elder eder 0 P merrll davsa I

28 23 summt county was created as a mltary dstrct n 864 by order of dan dansl danl dans RH wells 20 n 8665 gg.66 utah and cedar countes were unted as a mltary dstrct for the purpose of formng a dvson the porton of ron county lyng east of the wasatch range of mountans togetherl together wth pute and sever countes becane became eanne carne earbe a separate mltary dstrct through the same orders but no name was gven to the new area fnally satch sateh da dla wasatch vla and rchland countes were made nto separate dstrcts 2 oj O j the usual procedure followed by the nauvoo legon n organzng new mltary dstrcts vared only n who performed the dutes cf actvaton generally the nearest dstrct sent organzte a rankng offcer to act as organzer croprate mltary unt of the sze approprate r under hs drecton the to the numbers enrolled was establshed and electon of offcers was held when ths was done the new offcers took over and completed the constructon of the unt the new commandng offcer chose helda heda hs staff and as a fnal step he held hed a regular muster generals reports of the muster sent to the adjutantgenerals offce put the unt on the book ft offcers n 867 the nauvoo legon had over 2000 offleers offcers keers and 0 22 men n ts ranks t would be mpractcal f not mpossble 20 20deseret news 25 9 deseret newsy aprl 2 p deseret news aprl dhtney whtney op ct vol II pa p4p 69

29 24 to lst even the known offcers of ths szeable group r grouf however ologes to those who may be overlooked some wth apologesa ogles wl P effort wll be mhd made to lst e the rankng offcers of the legon although much credt has been gven to danel H wells as the leader and organzer of the utah nauvoo legon 5 another man must be gven credt for the groundwork whch was begun n 848 at that tme charles coulson rch under the drecton of the stake authortes was elected chef mltary commander 23 lttle remans toen enlghten about hs work other than that he was an offcer of the legon n nauvoo llnos on aprl by a unanmous vote danel H wells was elected major general of the nauvoo legon pk IV 4 the legon ass was assembled ambled and organzed nto mltary unts and the necessary offcers were elected by the assembled men raen lany many of the elected offcers dd not rse to great heghts n the legon but as the frst elected leaders n utah they deserve recognton on the same aprl 28 eleven companes were organzed lry cavaalry sx eava cavalry and the rest nfantry the eleven companes encompassed by the two cohorts redl rev reol were combned n four battalons and two regments 0 ments 223alter alten alter kter op OR ety elty cta ct7 pe gge journal hstory hstor bstor march lv arch 3 849

30 cff caff elected offcers of the nauvco nauvoo legon 849 frst cohort brgader general jededah M grant fully frst regment cavalry colonel john S fullmer frst battalon frst company second company thrd company second battalon cohortno second cohort frst regment major wllard snow lfe guards captan george D grant leutenant wllam H leutenant james ferguson leutenant ephram alm green vounted mounted dragoons captan danel C davs leutenant nelson hggns leutenant joseph W leutenant anson call mounted dragoons captan samuel thompson major ra eldredge kmball young frst companycaptan captan benjamn F johnson leutenant hosea stout leutenant john allger leutenant J C L smth second companycaptan captan james T S allred thrd company no commander elected leutenant P R wrght leutenant erastus bngham leutenant john steele poneer and explorng captan john brown leutenant albert carrngton leutenant joseph matthews leutenant john hollday D regmentcolonel john scott frst battalon major andrew lytle lyte letl frst company slver greys 25 second company 25 captan jesse P harmon leutenant shadrack roundy leutenant saac morley leutenant phneas rchards frst artllery captan danel tyler leutenant don P curts thrd company leutenant charles shumway second artllery captan danel corn leutenant truman 0 leutenant wllam M leutenant james beck angel lemon 25the 2 the consttuton of deseret lmted membershp n the mlta to those under forty fve ffty was the age brr lrrkt larrt tt lrrt practced t would seem that

31 second battalon 26 major henry harrman frst companycaptan captan george B wallace leutenant J 0 stratton leutenant jacobgates leutenant jonathan H second company juvenle rfles rlfles fes 26 captan Eedmund eadmund leutenant henry P leutenant joseph A leutenant lyman L holmes ellsworth eels flls eells rchards young rockwood the work just cted shows cl ted the frst offcers elected by the membershp of the nauvoo legon by 868 the legon on lon had 843 commssoned offcers commsson from the governor 27 each of whom receved hs general of the early staff of majorgeneral wells there s lttle nformaton n hs adjutant was james ferguson 0 colonel later general ferguson served n ths poston untl august 86 when he resgned durng ths ten year perod 28 adjutant ferguson served fathfully except for a short perod around when he went on a msson for the L D S church durng the mssonary nterlude hram B clawson acted n fergusons stead the successor to james ferguson was H B clawson whose sgnature appears on some of the orders n the early 860s 860 the job of adjutant necesstated the use of more 29 than one man and an ncreasng departmental budget 9 assstng clawson were colonel T W ellerback ellenback El lerback of the general staff 26 journal hstory narch htney whtney op ct7 whtney op ety elty cta vol II p journal lournal hstory february see adjutant generals department p 34 nfra

32 27 brgham BRIGH M BBIGHAM YOUNG GOVERNOR OF THE TERRITORY OF UTAH to all to whom these presents shall come tareeting REETI k07 n6v j7 ja ygp THA K yap ves J THAT wha T ffe harn havn been duly elected to the offce of 0 M W ao of the atw ztw dt ot of f the toe clta vlta tte ym of the terrtory of utah I BRIGHAM YOUNG GOVERNOR for and on behalf of the people of sad terrtory do commsson hm yfac M acymnaay o 6 Y CLZCC al to take rank front aront from cozy uwtwd&ycy arong the cwzy CA day of a 8 f beng the tme of hs electon to offce he s therefore promptly and dlgently to dscharge the dutes of sad offce by doln dong and per- yor jor formng nng all thngs thereunto belongng and I do strctly bequr requree requr all offcers and solders ers trs ets under hs conzy nand to be obedent to hs orders and he s to obey all such orders and drectons as he le ae command receve from front arom tme twe tne tnte tute to tme from front arom aront the commander n chef or hs superor offcer ale shall IV IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF I HAVE hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of sad terrtory to dome done bome at great salt lake cty ths day of veze yty &w4 aty rap cy be affxed vewaw A4 D one ohe e keze thousand cgerht eght trht hundred andffty snd t and of the ndependence of the unted states of An amerca terca the seventy ac 4c by the mcgorernor mcgovernor l 7 3 y tm 7 tm secretary pro tem v apponted AppoWed by the governor fg

33 28 asa ada add &sa 0 w MQ J J dulyl la 0 ljcl lau baj aj 0 all alt al al at to MIOM hldthsjt uth oth blest tlest t4tst prsstnts rtstnts slalt scalt slall 8 b& that auallorv ba 73 c uhacaljl to the offce of odlxx IL hrab WMB terrtory zoo MIA alt all ast hv lecl r mhd rtw8ss WIMM BO 20 commsson jaor hm baor for tor jorj jtrj onu tdlnt havng beed been and on en behalf of the he ahe people of sad fl of the RAUVOO NUYQO leger teoqk legqr and of the mlta mata of the terrtory of utah to take the lm jjj day of jjr sta sa 8. beng the tme of hs ujulual to offce he s therefore performng all thngs thereunto cunto belongng g promptly and dlgently to dscharge th tlle dutes of sad offce and aon sonn tale rank from by dong and I do strctly requre etue qtue all offcers and solders under hs command to be obedent to hs orders and he s to obey all such orders and drectons as he shall receve from tme to tme from the commander che a 7 laua ohe ohlef or hs superor offcer n chef an 3u 3n let et stmonl ststmono set get bet my hand and caused the seal sek fxed fled at great salt lake cty ths llflaa eema lawa bjcrtaf tolcrtcf I hayo have hayee sell sel of sad sld skd tad AD of flaa one thousand eght hundred and tftap t5p tv and of the ndependence 0 cjwu 9 of the unted states of amerca the lwo sjrtay v 0 low hat hereunto tald terrtory to be ata t s j ffjlalaml day secretary fg 2

34 lh77m and colonels R T burton 29 barton and D J rose of great salt lake mltary dstrct by a clerk john wnder had been adjutantgenerals hred to work n the adjutant generals general offce general clawson remaned the legons adjutant untl 870 other members of the staff n were hram H clawson ade de camp lews robson quartermaster yuartermaster general albert P rockwood commssary general ezra G wllams surgeon general ezra T benson and wlford woodruff chaplans edward P duzette chef of musc and ephram hanks and lot smth color bearers general the color bearers were captans colonels 30 the rest colonels30 by authorty of the legslatve enactment of the staff of the leutenant general was to be composed of three ades wth the rank of colonel two topographcal engneers wth the rank of colonel rank of leutenant colonel and a mltary secretary wth the two tvo chaplans and the adjutant general commssary general and quartermaster general were all brgader generals the paymaster general the head of the hosptal the head of the department of musc were colonels the color department was to supply two color bearers general wth the rank of captan3 3 the staff of the leutenant general dd not alter perceptbly after except to nclude the new postons author- 62 edslat sat zed by the legslatve enactment eg edl the deseret news lsts the 30 pp ap o 30whtney op et ct elt 3acts etel vol I p 396 acts frst sesson legslatve assembly la l4

35 30 offcers at the begnnng of ltv f53 lt3 aded james janes IA0 cummngs paymaster general james barlow aalde ade de d camp C and nd thomas bullock bollock mltary secretary flled the new staff postons created n other changes made snce were nathanel felt H and IA andrews who took over the postons W 4 of chaplan and surgeon L general32 General 32 somewhat generals of a change n the leutenant general stoff staff occurred mccurr 87 ed n 8 secton fve of the system of regulatons I te for the present organzaton and government of the mlta of the terrtory of utah elaborated these changes general shall consst of an adjutant general wth the rank of brgader general of lght artllery one adedecamp wth the rank of brgader general of cavalry a quartermaster general wth the rank of brgader general of heavy artllery a commssary general of Infantrya subsstence subsstance Subs wth the rank of brgader general of nfantrya a chef of topographcal a chef of ordnance the staff of the leutenant geral engneers wth the rank of colonel wth the rank of colonel of lght artllery one ade decamp wth the rank of colonel of nfantry two cha- a surgeon plans wth the rank of colonel of nfantry general wth the rankof colonel of nfantry a chef of musc wth the rank of colonel of nfantry a mltary secretary wth the rank of leutenant colonel of nfantry one color bearer general wth the rank of major of cavalry one color bearer general wth the rank of captan of cav- C alry and such assstants n the varous departments as the good of the servce may requre wth ranks corres- pondng to be desgnated by the leutenant generale wth the completon of the reorganzaton of the nauvoo legon n leutenant general wells apponted hs new staff retanng many of the orgnal personnel the followng are the appontments made on aprl 87s ap 3p deseret news mews january & news aprl deseret

36 3 james ferguson adjutant general hram B clawson st st ade de camp lews robson quarter master general albert P rockwood commssary emssary general of Subs subsstence stance albert carrngton chef of topographcal engneers thon thor thomas W ellerback lerback ellenback El chef of ordnance jesse ade camp C de lttle 2nd adede james W cummngs paymaster general hosea stout judge advocate joseph young A 2nd ade de camp elders wlford woodruff and frankln D chaplans chaplal chaplak ns dr J L dunyan surgeon general P duzette chef of musc john T cane mltary secretary brgham young jr st stephen taylor st color bearer general 2nd color bearer general3 generald 3 General rchards the postons of chef of ordnance and judge advocate were new to the general staff A possble although by no means accurate barometer of the esteem n whch an offcer was held s the specal assgnments J he receved one such assgnment was to serve ssons as member on one of the many code commssons coran corzn fssons created between and 670 to provde new regulatons for the legon the major reorganzaton of had as ts desgners danel wells james ferguson A P rockwood G D grant H B clawson ball L W hardy W H kn Kr kmball bal bal Wll hll wlllarr wllarc wllard Wll larf laf larr alf hyde robert T burton Stout and hosea stout35 35 A smlar sdnlar olar sll sl commsson n 867 was com posed of D H wells george A smth robert T burton and wllam pace n 869 the prevously mentoned burton and pace were joned by brgham young jr robert smth john br aham yo ung wnder davd mckenze and samuel G ladd n a commttee to I 34 4 deseret news 87 mews aprl deseret news aprl

37 32 nvestgate the form of tactcs the legon should adopt 36 other specal assgnments were meted out to colonel hram B clawson as a specal agent to buld an armory n colonel G A smth apponted commander of all forces south of provo durng darng darlng the ndan outbreak of of lot smth and robert burton sent upon government request on expedtons aganst ndans durng the cvl war and wllam B pace apponted commander of the troops sent to southern utah durng the black hawk hawlx hawla war smlar to the honor of beng chosen for a code commsson was the regard shown for the men elected as dstrct commanders nether of the postons was ganed by a demonstraton of mltary ablty nstead t was personal popularty among the earlest commanders of mltary dstrcts were colonel geroge A smth ron county peter W conover utah county cyrus canfeld C weber county and nelson hggns sanpete county39 County leutenant colonel lttle took over n ron county from colonel smth acts several annual sessons nclusve 8 po P 37 7 deseret news january 22 lc 83 r deseret news july 2 r whtney op ct catl elty ctl ety vol I p deseret news december I

38 33 nstructons of august 857 were sent to the followng named dstrct com commanders con anders colonel chauncey W west weber colonel P merrll davs C major samuel smth box elder major john rowberry tooele thoele colonel wllam pace provo B major davd evans leh general aaron johnson major najor C W bradley neph peteet neet major warren S snow sanpete major L H mccullough fllmore colonel W H dame parovan major alen allen alen weeks cedarq the lst of offcers who served wth dstncton n the utah nauvoo legon could fll volumes but ba three men deserve a few more words n passng lot smth robert T burton and wllam pace B these men nen ruen muen thebest typfed the best that the legon out brought out n men they started when they were young men and worked therway to the top n 870 wllam pace was elected brgader general after havng served as a colonel snce 855 hs career ncluded among other accomplshments 42 l9 lo llo 9 the wrtng of a book of mltary drlls and tactcs for the use of the nauvoo legon lot smth who began hs llustrous career as a color bearer on the staff of the leutenant general was by869 l69 69 the commander of the cache mltary dstrct 43 robert burton took over command of salt lake mltary dstrct n L4 I whtney op 02 olp ct cte cto vol I p wllam B pace dary dar MSS brgham young unversty lbrary p 22 typewrtten deseret news september unver

39 about both men served n the only cvl war acton that the legon saw t was men lke these who gave the utah mlta ts vtalty and strength we have already seen how the state consttuton pro vded for electon of legon offcers and how ths prvlege was exercsed n the frst major cr organzatonal meetng at salt lake cty ths actvty by the members of the legon nvolved no spectacular events but t was one whch was engaged n constantly by ncreasng numbers as the legon grew the commandng general neer never faled to remnd the legon of ts responsblty to elect the men they wanted at the helm whenever a new company or larger unt was created by a mltary order 5 the order would always cauton the newly organzed men to elect offcers before a new organzaton was recognzed t was oblged to hold electons for offcers the only case on record n whch the electon of offcers was rejected came at the hands of governor shaffer shatter shafter n 870 shatter ap L 8707 contrary to law shaffer leadershp postons poston n the legon shafter apponted oonted ponted s 5 hs own men to 44 LL deseret news aprl whtney. op ct elty ety ct7 cta volj vol p po 5440

40 IV departments DEPARTDAbents ents OF THE TFE tem GENERAL GJXERAL STAFF adjutantgeneral adjutantgenerals s department artmont accordng to the statutes of the unted states each state and terrtory that had nad a mlta was to have an adju addu tant general the duty of the adjutant was manyfold and necesstated the spendng of consderable tme wth paper pager work 3 specfcally the adjutants dutes were to dstrbute all orders from the commander n chefa chef2 of the state to the several corps to attend all publc revews ews aws when the revli commandernchef chef of the state should revew the mlta to furnsh blank forms of dfferent returns that were requred to receve returns whch reported the actual stuaton of arms 5 accoutrements ammunton delnquences and every other thng whch related to the general advancement of good order and dscplne from all the returns he was to make proper abstracts and present them to the commandernchef chef of the state3 stated proof of cf the sze of the adjutants task s mpled n brown au v u statutes at larg S ed e 0 largee vol 7 I p lttle the governor of the terrtory was the commander n chef of the mlta no utah governor took tcok consequently the actual commander nander general athe was ccok an actve part the elected leutenant 35

41 36 the growth of the offce both n the fnancal assstance gven to ths offce and the ncrease n personnel 4 n 853 the terrtoral legslature approprated four hundred dollars for the expenses of the adjutant general 5 n the appropraton was one thousand dollars of whch three hundred was the adjutants remuneraton 6 by 867 the expense nvolved n the adjutantgenerals department had doubled the 9-59 appropraton of the two thousand dollars approprated for 867 offce jutant7 jutant autant eght hundred defrayed the expenses of runnng the and the rest went for salares of clerks and the ad n 869 another two thousand dollars were approprated but dut out n 870 & only one thousand fve hundred was set asde adjutantgenerals for the adjutant generals As mentoned above department the adjutant had a varety of tasks under hs mmedate jursdcton such as dstrbutng all mltary orders to the unts n the state terrtory ths could be and was carred out n several ways the most eort cort corttron comuon Tron tryon method was to have the order prnted anted n the deseret news mews leutenant the publcaton of orders from the leutenantgeneral n any publc alc llc newspaper DaDer daner naner of the terrtory was deemed to be a hsen ld see chapter 3 n ths work that dscusses offcers son of the tlle facts and resolutons passed at the thrd annual ses tle lex legslatve statve assembly of the terrtory ofatah great salt jtah utah lake cty arel C bower 8 p 7 6deseret news february archves

42 37 lawful notce 0 orders prnted on handblls were known as general c7eneral crculars see cut f the partcular order per- taled taned talled to only a small segment of the legon the adjutant would use a personal letter to convey the nformaton the general reorganzaton order of gave some very defnte nformaton concernng mltary orders all orders were to be numbered wth the campagn w th begnnngand begnnng and endng wth the year or the orders ssued by the leutenant general were n two seres vt general and specal wtncl watn names revealng for whom they were ssued any orders from other sources were to be smply styled orders and they had to be fled n the adjutants offce 79 JI upon examnaton of the remnants of the orders stll n exstence t appeared that the system of usng the same number over agan certe nvolved n a certan berte n amount of confuscn confuson when makng a reference the federal law requred the adjutant to accompany the commandernchef chef to n all publc revews of the mlta the nauvoo legon carred ths provson one step further by delegatng to the assstant adjutants the task of vstng the dfferent mltary dstrcts for the purpose of nspectng the varous unts 0 these nspectors became a very verv useful and adjutant busy appendage of the adjutants depart department rlent deseret heseret deg dog 9bd eget news aprl ene locts acts also deseret news mews frstt sesson lea legslatve slatlve ve assembly p 9 mevs aprl

43 38 fbbbtabt sbbsctsaffo tal GENERAL IAL ORDERS no 65 hean HEAD READ nead nean av 4v hcabter9 nauvoo KAUVOO LEOION 3857 ADJUTANT GENERALS OFFICE G & L CITY july I L t havng barng hevng appeared requste for the more complete organzaton of the legon that an addtonal offcer should bould be attached to the staff of a regmental commander the leutenant general commandng drects that each colonel appont an ade de do camp who shall hel he hold the rank of major and be obeyed and respected as such auch IL so far a applcable hardee rfle and lght nfantry tactcs wll be adopted through the legon AsA the dfference n s the number and grade of offcers offcen offces between the regular army and mlta of the terrtory requres soms some boms varaton n formatons and nuumouvres manoeuvre the followng rules rue rub rulee wll be adopted asa a bass bal besl of manoeuvre maneuvro FORMATION OF A REGIMENT IN LINE LIKE A regment e s composed of ten ton companes or fve battalons whch wll be posted polled from rght to left at the dscreton of tre commandng offcer 2 A company s composed of fve platoons posted from rght to left at the dscreton dr of the captan 2 n all exercses and manceuvres manoeuvre every regment or part of a regment composed eed of two or more battalons Batta battslone wll be desgnated as a regment 4 the 70 centre contre platoon of the rght centre company wll consttute conttute the color bearers boerer bearor and color guard of the regment that company wth all on ts rght wll be denomnated the rght wng of the battalon the remanng companes the left wng 65 tle the le tho formauonof formaton of a regment n n two ranks renk and each company wll be formed nto two ranks as follows the leutenant of each platoon on the rght of the front rank hs sergeant coverng hm the platoons wll be numbered n fours tours rrespectve of leutenants and sergeants POSTS OF OFFICERS 6 the captan three paces peces n front of the centre contre of the company hs hb adjutant three paces peces n front of the left fle of the company the company adjutant wll drect the algnments wheelng whoe whoo lngs and other movements of the company to the left 7 the major of battalon wll take hs hg poston se sx fx bz sz ge paces n front of the contre centre contra of hs battalon tko tke the te battalon adjutant three tore paces paes peces n rear of the centre of the battalon 8 the colonel wll take hs hb poston poaton twentyfve sve paces peces n front of the centre of the regment ls the le twe regmental adjutant wll wh wn take hs poston porton twelve paces n front of the centre contre of the rght wng of the regment the regmental adedecamp wll take hs hm poston aton twelve paces pecos n front of the centre contra contre of the left wng of the regment the surgeon and other staff offcers servng wth the regment thrty paces peces n rear of the centre contre 9 the muc musc mulc of the regment wll be formed n two ranks renk ffteen paces n rear of the centre of the regment 0 the formaton of a regment n lne of battle s the same bams bems asa before lad down wth the excepton that the offcers whose poemous potoo me are n front of the lne wll pass pan pew to the rear opposte to and at the ems same geme bemb dstance datanee from the lne asa the postons they occuped n front the tha twe followng postons poton lon wll be observed ober n manoeuvrng maneuvrng maneuverng grng or marchng by column the twe colonel ten ton paces peces to the left opposte the centre of the column the adjutant fve paces to the left opposte the centre centra contra of the rght wng of the regment the tho regmental adedecamp fve paces to the left opposte the centre of the left wng of the regment ns the ts regmental surgeon and other staff offcers accompanyng or attached to the regment fve paces to the rght oppo appo ste alte the centre of the regment 2 n column of battalons battalon and company offcers as n lne 3 n column of companes the postons of the major wll be three paces to the left opposte the centre of the battalon the tb battalon adjutant two paces to the rght opposte the centre contre of the battalon company offcers as n lne 4 n column wth loss lew front than of a company the colonel regmental adjutant adedecamp and surgeon and battalon offcers aa as before lad down the captan one pace to the left opposte the centre of the company the me company adjutant one pace to the len en leet left set on a lne wth the rear fles of the company 5 untl the men an are ars ers tolerably advanced n the school of the solder t s recommended that they are drlled n squads not to exceed ten ton men or one platoon and n sngle rank A platoon n sngle rank s composed bed eed of ten men sde ede bde by sde bde the leutenant on the rght nght and the sergeant on the rght of the left four 6 the platoon beng n sngle rank to form t n two ranks the nstructor wll command n two ranks ranka to the rght 2 march 3 rght dress drew drem 4 front at the command manch MABCH maach the leutenant and four men on the rght who consttute the front rank advance one geant reant reent and four men who consttute conttuts tute the rear rank face to the rght and step stop offtogether hs tront fronts wthout command at the command UGHT RIGHT nght duas DUSS the men algn alp slp themselves to the rght and at the 7 to resume the sngle rank the nstructor commands commend n sngle rank to the left 2 march 3 halt 4 front face dress 5 rght are ore 6 front tap step each man het halts helt hats behnd ho hlo fle leader an tlle word FXONT face to the frost trost the ser at the command MARCH the rear rank men face to the left and step off together haltng at the word at the command radont raowt vacs PACK YACZ they face to the front and are algned by the nstructor the ts tte formaton of two from fles and fles from twos n flank marchng wll be conducted on the sam bem gem prncple care beng taken n all manoeuvre maneuvrem 0soo far as practcable to keep the leutenant and four front rank men together ana and ant anft the sergeant and four rear rank men together an companons n arms armb erms III lr commanders of dstrcts are nstructed too see that all proper care Is taken to nstruct ther coma commands commends enda ehda n the drll hereby adopted all other changes or addtons to accommodate the present organzaton wll be made when they appear requste and wll be communcated to the legon through ths offce by the leutenant general by order of leutenant general DANIEL H WELLS JAMES FERGUSON adjutant general raont fg 3

44 39 the assstant adjutantgenerals generals who acted as nspectors for the adjutantgeneral general n the late 860s were robert T lc te burton cand and davd J ross 3 t when t becal becaj beeb e necessary to reorganze a unt by enlargng t the nspectors were on hand 2 durng 8665 whenever Wn enever the deseret news descrbed a muster the 5 names burton and ross were nvarably mentoned rather than act as passve observers at musters 9 the nspectors led the troops through the manual of arms and feld exercses n order to judge the degree of profcency of the vsted forces the most mportant oortant actvty of the department of the adjutantgeneral was tracts to receve and make proper abstracts Os of the returns of the mlta whch were fled on forms he was enjoned to furnsh the act to provde for a fuller organzaton of the legon seconded the federal statute n regard to the necessty of havng the adjutant furnsh all blank forms necessary n each department the terrtory 3 ths was to be done at the expense of although there are statements n the natonal guard archves from the deseret news prntng company ndcatng that prnted forms were purchased not many of the returns are on such forms most are selfruled plan 8 deseret news 2 records of provo mltary dstrct comrand contrjand Com ConTr Jand 87- rland 8 campagn record of expedton to sanpete and P plute SS brgham young unversty mltary dstrct o hews aprl lbrary p 66 typewrtten 4 p 45 deseret 25 3acts acts frst sesson legslatve statve assembly 2 sec on lon 9 y

45 4 V nac mac atu aau nao uwomcl y A ft o wwwactml J zyc rug ys W J opat zy6 faz fcz W ac ag foa doa 9 ajl all cao cau W wqlcuj adu vdu ala a4 nm fw &g au aau fu alme uk y k hu wu ztfu s r A taz tjz 7 OR ka k3 zafuagas 0045 f4w faw ahw 4w6o e df494of c 4 Vr r Y jttvn df otvlantf mry fe hft aft afo r WffMt wffmt werme yu cu etua etma 004 ffzhe kdo ado kko lmo v wa t nn frn rm cp n s ta da a 7 y yuj duj ct act ce lle ca 7 vc t s s s f X ft rf w aa 3a ar ezr vt ar xr e - c r 77m n t rf 3 ur urr x s I 4 af 6 r ft y uu tryp lryv fyan fran myah r fg 4

46 2mou sotlwsmf bqlbb of eom tom som blen blon oen regment of jnfntb jubutrv c wrn M vym v9m nawm dawm eco ago cfton ccfton comptanded tommamlfd by acu &cu e0&4 7a7 zat r 6 42a T W ml wel mouw muuw dstra D dstrd amr dmr atra afra f aq dq off bf Is aq gq r 0o NAWK I wtslfv 7 n tf44u 0 tattzt ao4o 40 ak 6k balem walem fy FIRST flast fkr T PLATOON vea veo wea pae awe pwe al rect 6w aw eu U we af vtftf vhf u veff v4ff maff mae vraa 444 e L WMU tm k shod second ngu u cp K X ady alt har hfr &4eu afu 2llut alt au ufem efem aff nff zy A 44 lre loe xoe PLATOON nfu A s drut awa 2wa srgt sergt pr vf llt lt 8rt art vtfunf a04 IT ese paz ds avs 44 4 mlteked kusnuo INTO SERVICE wb waak wham ob s N wb jt ww A & A 4 t s j 4 4 ARMS AKM arn x 6 equpage EQUIPAGZ EdIl FAGE m I AM MUNmON memmon A J & kc a ON hand kt kymark& malks maks f KN & fwflunu dyfu ta dfu ett ete art 0 3ttuur rt oce t noce aog dogg s yttu efw ffl fal eel few aj unl mas mar has ft fa f& MUSTRILED INTO IXTO sto SERVICIL J am zqvazazluxmox qcaomrrmom NAME xane ama AMK 5 RZMARRA FOURTH FOCRTH PLATOON 3 wmma 4 tmmukcr 6 au4u kuam ku9m FIFTH FIITH plth PLATOON z&4 afff 4 muse I &mt Ma ft maft fc wmmt cttttt t c7f4v artw 3fj4& araw Ar Ar 9 aalt baft yff mea fe ff ly edw 4 mca v 4 oam o4m ac 4c s gunl prtt 2 IA tl pr wb lwbm or wrb fest ffst atr ftr 3 3 x 4 fe S y tlhaj awa alj A JJ AJ Ayv J L y 4 4 A 0v av aw6 ft 00 OK ON KAMD I M r WA A a4040 nw THIRD t4frv eta u al 6 S 6 vtwwt tta eba 5 par zar afna beda wfna truse ac9c ete etc att ttt ut fvaaft f X pt PLATOON ATOON A 8 jt fktft 5.5 alutu 2alulu l64 L BE rfttj 9.9 K y lf ae t I A 3 al grl arft muft etfc fc sw SWUM f co C w ae &e ct cef cer Ddp adf ard ff We ffwe ffe adaw adjw 0000 pfar

47 42 paper 4 see cut eat cat durng the black hawk ndan war the need for prnted forms became becane acute the followng suggeston was made to the leutenant general the great amount of servce rendered by salt lake davs and southern mltary dstrcts demands that the adjutant generals depart furnsh the com- departnent department departrf ent should rf dent mandants of these dstrcts forms fords for quartermaster and commssary reports puster payroll guster fcrl3uster concernng the responsblty of makng out and sendng n redorts redorts reports norts one of the earlest actons of the state of deseret panders banders anders was to defne the company commanders dutes n ths regard 0 6 the reports were to be full complete and ample and they were to report the number of men number of arms descrpton thereof amount of ammunton ofarnmuntcn and condton thereof ths record ncludng nanes nanfes nanfel of delnquents nades was to be completed fve days after every muster 82 enlargng upon the mportance of reports the n 852 legslature ordered the adjutant to keep a rank role of all offcers as well as the muster rolls also he was to keep a record of all property belongng toc the legon and a report expedtons sand the resultng expenses a 7 7 of all expedtonsand I further the legslature put on a local level the federal provson whereby the adjutant was to receve reports from the varous offcers these were to be n on the frst 4 5bd archves bd 6 journal hstory hst january a 9 8 g gl actse 8 ta 9 Ppe rets 0 t frst asse sesson ley legslatve solatve sa assembly becs sees secs

48 43 3 f of aprl and the frst of october each year falure to turn n reports could cause the delnquent offcer P to be fned 5 dsmssed or cashered 5 at the dscreton of a general court martal 8 Dortng keepng a copy of the record bv the reportng unt was consdered second only to sendng a return to the adjutant 9 some dstrcts compled wth ths requrement n a complete manner the ncomplete character of the terrtoral generalzaton lon wth regard archves whch are extant makes a generalzaton to all dstrcts mpossble to nsure the adequate returns from the newly organzed unts the command of the legon could wth hold the necessary orders for the electon of superor offcers the salt lake archves reveal many pleas but no coercon n the formal b t communcatons requestng a prompt and complete return after all the reports were n and a complaton was made by the adjutant he had two more responsbltes to fulfll frst he was to furnsh the governor of the terrtory wth a report of the strength and condton of the forces of the terrtory 20 second he was to send a return ncludng a report of arms accoutrements and anznuntor to the presdent of the unted states l 2 both reports were due at 8 bd 0 sec p deseret news aprl sec 6 20 bd sec 32 2u statutes at large U S vol 2 p 207

49 44 the years end the adjutantgeneral general dd not comply fully wth the above requrement n lfc52 governor 5 Governcr young n hs message les fes sare to 8 2 cessare fessare the legslature referred to the adjutant generals report n 862 governor stephen S hardng complaned n hs message that the condton of the mlta of ths terrtory s unknown to me 22 and governor charles durkee made a smlar statement n but n 867 a report was made to the governor whether because of laxty or hostlty between the federallyapponted governo apponted governor and the legon leadershp the adjutants offce faled to keep the governor properly nformed of the mltas condton n many nstances the falure to nform the governor carred over nto the responsblty towards the federal government n and adjutant ferguson sent complete manpower reports to washngton As for ars s only the one cannon receved from the government was lsted by ferguson after 853 & t no reports were made to washngton consequently later abstracts presented to congress used the year 853 report 27 fr 653 for yor utahs 25 utah was not the only state or terrtory whch dd not send n reports by 874 utah was no longer lsted on 22 messages of the governors MSS utah state hstorcal socety salt lake cty p 82 typewrtten 23bdl bd p whtney op OR ct vol II p report of the mlta 2nd sess 859 no 86 pa p0p e house decumen documents ath cong 35th3

50 45 the abstracts presented to congress although other states and terrtores whch had smlarly faled to report were lsted 26 reports of the adjutant general what do these reports whch were sent to washngton dvulge the return of revealed a total enrollment of 2575 offce and men nen A breakdown shows ths number dvded thusly general staff 9 cavalry artllery nfantry 568 and rflemen 677 A further breakdown ndcates that there were sx chaplans four surgeons two surgeons mates fortytwo two muscans and fortytwo two lers ouglers buglers buggers and trumpet ers the secton of the report form dealng wth tre the tlle general staff has no prnted commssary general of subsstence subsstance Subs on t and ths poston was wrtten n by adjutant ferguson mplyng that t was an offce pecular to the nauvoo legon of 2575 men lsted 27 were offcers 2 27 the only ordnance and ordnance stores lsted for 85 and the two succeedng yearss year were one twelve poundbrass howtzer wth accompanyng sponges and rammers 2 ammunton boxes 2 powder carts 2 and one set of harnesses ac 2c 26tabstract 26fy abstract of the mlta force of the unted states tt executve docent3 documento documents 27 Do 43rd cong st 27annual st sess 874 no 4 p 2 terrtory of utah annual returns of the mlta 853 of the natonal guard bureau record group records 68 MSS the natonal archves washngton mcroflm D C n authors possesson 28 bd

51 46 n ferguson felt the need of explanng to the headquartc rs why there had been a decrease n the washngton headquarters enrollment fgures 2l4l the rolls showed shoved a total of 24 the reason as put forth by general ferguson was the large number of men sent to colonze the surroundng terrtory I at tmes 4 ferguson sad whole companes are sent to other settlements although all segments lost men the cavalry was hardest ht droppng from to 907 other fgures show the nfantry at 63 artllery and general staff 20 the report 5 combned the rflemen wth the nfantry whch had been lsted 8 29 separately n general ferguson expressed hs thanks to n 853 general cooper for the twentyone of shot sent to utah n exchange for the twentyone rounds one expended n the late ndan uprsngs af f the returns ndcated the strength of the legon to be as follows stafy 20 cavalry 0o4 lyoo 004 staff general staff20 cavalry artllery 739 nfantry 724 for a total of 282 artllery7373 for the perod no muster reports of the compled strength of the entre utah mlta are avalable n a report of the mltas strength as of december was presented by the governor to the legslature t s the most comprehensve complaton of fgures pertanng to the nauvoo legon avalable 30 statstc revealed a growth from 282 the statstcss avalable30 83 to 282 n bd 30 30whtney op0 0 whtney op ct vol II p 209

52 by the end of 867 the staff of the commandng general remaned the same sze as all other offcers ncludng the topographcal engneers and ordnance numbered 824 there were 896 sergeants 322 muscans 82 teamsters and 886 prvates n the total earler earle earlle earler reference has been made to the legons topheavy organzaton durng the nauvoo perod the 843 offcers n 867 represented 5 of the actve force stll an unusually hgh proporton of offcers to men other postcvl cvl war mltas whch rvaled the nauvoo legon n total enrollment had smaller offcer percentages they ranged from afo 3 ael 8el0 3fo for the texas mlta to Q for pennsylvana the average percent of offcers to men was 5 3 the breakdown of membershp n 867 shows n the cavalry nfantry 79 n the artllery and 9207 n the nfantry32 32 the arms and equpment of ths body were reported as several peces of artllery 2838 horses 2476 saddles 4926 re- volvers swords 6960 rfles 79 muskets or shotguns 25 bayonets rounds of ammunton 77 trumpets 96 ffes cfes and 07 drums dscountng the swords the men had 3605 frearms whch seemngly gave each man at least one weapon egure gure f ths fgure s msleadng snce muster reports show that some unts were ll llequpped whle others had more weapons than necessary33 33 p 2 3 abstract of the mlta force of the 0 S op ct topo- 32these graphcal engneers and ordnance department these totals do not nclude the general staff I 33archves 33rchves 33 Archves

53 48 the rounds of ammunton dvded equally would have provded each man wth thrtyfve fve rounds on the bass of the fgures presented above some co- parl panl pan mparsons can be made n the 58 estmated sze of the njen34 utah mlta was placed at 7000 njen3 n the returns of the mltas of the unted states for the same sane perod utah ranked redorts & 32nd out of 33 states and terrtores sendng reports redorts I however ths was on the bass of the report sent to washngton by utah to advance to 3st n that year utah would have had to report over 7000 men whch was her estmated enrollment utah would stll have been next to mnnesota at the bottom35 bottom from ths nconspcuous poston the nauvoo legon advanced to at least the thrd largest mlta n the naton As stated above n 867 when utah reported the sze of ts mlta there were 2024 men enrolled A correspondng report of all the mltas from the federal government dd not occur untl 874 n that year texas had organzed lltla mlta and new york had 2437 the next hghest was penn- M 357 sylvana wth utahs seemng rse n numercal proporton to other mltas s a sgn of the declne of the mlta system n the unted states n general as well as a growth n utah thrtysxth 34 0 young ope etel ct out of fortyone one p 36 the 860 census places utah states and terrtores tabulated 35report on the mlta t ct elt et oge ope cte eta elta 36tabstract of the mlta force of the US op ct

54 pror to the cvl war 5 mltas of the eastern states numbered nunbered bared n the hundreds of I topped ncomplete statstcs make a further comparson mpractcal oc thousands n 874 as noted none quartermaster 9uart cuart master naster armaster Commssa P commssa aster commssary and paymaster the legslature of the state of deseret n an ordnance passed on january provded for two of the three de- partments whch were concerned wth the physcal wants of the mlta38 mltas mlta secton 38 eght requred the quartermaster and commssary of the legon to make out annual reports of all sums receved and expended by them sad report was to be submtted by the frst day of november pr lor pror to the above act the quartermaster department was authorzed by the general assembly of deseret to erect an armory and to purchase and mantan necessary war equpment39 equpment the above represented very lttle n the way of a gude aarone to operate a quartermaster or commssary comnssary for ayone aayone department brgham young realzed the awkwardness of the stuaton and n hs message to the legslature he made the followng observaton the department of the quartermaster and commssarys of stance need some more valuable rneans means n order to occurn occupn subsstance Subs subsstence supply demands constantly occur ng and the better preservaton of the publc property &6 0 37report on the mlta op ct 38journal hsto 0 journal hstory january alter 39 op alter 02 ct et elt ete cte elte p 8 deseret news jan lo odeseret

55 500 n ts major reorganzaton of all the legslature dd for the two departments under consderaton was to create more assstants secton eght of an act to provde for the further organzaton suppled the commssary general of subsstance subsstence stance wth assstants starts down to the battalon level secton seven dd the same for the quartermaster wth the excepton that only one assstant was assgned to each dstrct the quartermasters ads were known as mltary store keepers 4 tl n ths dvson of ofcommssary and quartermaster the legon had a unque organzaton ordnarly mltary practce has the quartermaster responsble for all supples food clothng and equpage n nmssary was con- the legon the commssary cerned wth ratons whle the quartermaster suppled wagons anmals sets of harness and other non edbles the dvson of labor provded by the two departrents departrnents to handle supples undoubtedly lghtened the loads of the commanders of the respectve offces ths was qute mpor mbor tant to those men who gave ther tme and effort to the servce because they were hardly ever remunerated for ther efforts n a fnancal statement to washngton Washng ton lews D C robnson the quartermaster general reported that a horse mantaned n the feld durng the walker war requred ten pounds of hay and ten quarts of oats daly at that tme 4 acts frst legslatve assembly asson sesson S sson assemb p 3 43

56 5 oats were one dollar a cushel and hay one cent a pound quartermaster robnson also reported that horses and wagons hred to transport needed tems to the troops troops cost 0.0 IL flo lyo V.00 a day wth some as hgh as 800 &00 oo daly on the bass of these fgures congress compled when pettoned to redress the quartermaster corps for ts expenses n 42 smlarly commssary general of subsstence subsstance Subs albert P rock rockwood roekwood Bock presented congress a statement of the expenses hs department ncurred n the uprsng rock rockwood Bock suppled the troops wth fresh beef flour coffee sugar rce soap candles salt and vnegar prevalng prces for the above supples were as follows vnegar loo a gallon gc salt a quart candles and soap a pound rce sugar.50 and 50 coffee a pound flour go lo 9.50 a barrel beef a pound erous congress felt that the exstng prces were very gen and allowed all of the clams made by general rockwood L the offce of paymaster general gc was frst flled by james cummngs durng the walker war of cummngs was as busy as hs fellow dspersng agents n the commssary and quartermaster departments the prevalng rate of pay for mustered mltamen n utah at that tme was from prevcates ttes 200 a day for prvc prvates utes up to 4.00 a day for full colonels surgeons receved the same pay hoo 42 payrolls and dsc msc ksc papers pertanng lng to records of the war department offce of the adjutant generall record group 94 MSS the natonal archves washngton D C mcroflm 43bde bd the utah rolls

57 2 52 as captans horses f r3 suppled by ndvduals were 9 4 v duals ra worth spo a day fo 44 As wth the commssary and quartermaster the necessary funds to fulfll payroll oblgatons were drawn from terrtoral sources congress was pettoned to remburse the treasury of the terrtory for the outlay of the paymaster the clam was only partally allowed workng on the bass that a prvate n the mounted troops of the unted states army was allowed a day ncludng for clothng ard and arld u40 for hs own horse congress felt that the utah mlta had been allowed too much pay from a total of asked by the three departments only was allowed the clams of the pay- rated master were prorated down to army base pay 45 all n all the nauvoo legon was fortunate n recevng the appropraton they dd from congress not untl after 900 were utahns utahna agan to be so fortunately blessed n clams t aganst the government pror to the cvl war the problem of dealng wth the western ndans was not recognzed by congress as a federal oblgaton utah was rembursed n 86 for the sblty walker war of after congress had accepted the responsblty of controllng the ndans the mormons n utan utah had become a poltcal ssue and found t extremely dffcult to get a frendly hearng concernng fnancal clams due to ndan depredatons fortunately the nauvoo legon had been prepared for bd bd lud

58 53 such a possblty wthout realzng what the future held As mentoned above the legon sustaned tself durng the walker war but was later repad what the legon could not supply the terrtory dd and the L D S church through ts tthng store house lent ad to the solder n the feld 46 6 when utah terrtory was threatened by a unted states army force n n the church n all ts branches partle parte partc- - pated n supplyng the army n the feld no longer was the paymaster requred to fnd funds for the men paymas palmas ter they were servng on mssons for the L D S church n the capacty as mssonares they were supported by the wards n whch they made ther homes the followng represents part of A lst of donatons toward fttng out solders for the army of srael st ogden cty weber co st st febra february st ward john shaw cash thomas B faye horse and saddle george tomln 2 bushels wheat 3 bushels oats 3 do corn wllam chapman 00 bs lbs pork 0 bushels corn wm jones two years old steer chas de saul mnne rfle john tullson revolver and shrt for ezra saddle thomas thomas rfle & horse henry mannng 00 bs lbs flour mathew ffeld rfle for wm A allredd zra strong and george stranger yauger 2 blankets two year old steers 477 3d n ogden on february 3rd ard 85 ts another ward meetng 46 records of orders of 2nd brgade st youngunver sty returns and court martals martale Martals st dvson nauvoo leron legon IL etc lemon MSS brgham young unversty lbrary p 3 typewrtten copy 47 or A lst of donatons towards fttng out solders for the army of srael MSS brgham young unversty lbrary

59 54 was called to outft men for the army the followng fcllowlng nterestng results came out of ths meetng john hart wll ft out one fourthf john harrshalf half a man wm dxonone one john shawone fourth hundred dollars0 LA 0 curth of a man the record concludes wth the names of ffteen men that the ward ftted out ft not all the unts called to duty n 857 were fortunate enough to have all ther supples furnshed by ther home wards t was then up to the commssary offcer to obtan supples where he could obtan them wthout the oblgaton of payng mmedately n cash the followng bll s typcal of the expenses ncurred by some of the legons unts n 857 by the knd and amount of supples and forage furnshed and dsbursed to the brgade hard bread bush at Dolc dolcts do acts 434 at 0 cents flour 6894 t 6 cents dred beef and 299 bs lbs at 30 ets fresh beef cents and 578 at locts loats two beefs on foot valued at fork 44 t 20 cents 8.80 sugar tt tea g coffee j butter 5l8 cheese potatoes 29 tf 75 t s onons beans 45qts corn o 50 yo lyo ley oats ltl wheat log lon barley lo 0 g bd I W d

60 I 55 salt 53 at 3 4 cents vnegar 2 gals ty clothng cons amount consumed 40 ft 20 IT ho o4o8 304e08 Luned n the brgade 0 6 gwo agade olaol ol oll 49 the problem of payng the blls acqured by the mlta rested heavly upon the partcpants partcpants shoulders not only were they requred to serve n the feld but they were expected to lqudate ther unts debts wllam marsden records n hs dary that bshop blackburn called me to assst ethern to obtan cattle from the brethern bretherd Br to pay a debt contracted by capt joseph clarks clars company for clothng &c ac to the amount of A later entry shows that sx head of cattle were sent to pay a bll of for twenty cans of powder and two tvo tw0 thousand caps 5 called away from home 5 facng possble combat ndebted by the necessary supples the legonnares were at least saved the worry of how the farm was dong at home the followng orders nsured care of the land of those away from home sept provo mltary dstrct you are hereby requred to call out the men under your command by tens wth ther teams wagons and to monday morn- racks ptch forks sythes sckles &c ng and contnuec untl further orders ac to assst n takng care of the brotherns gran & hay who have gone out on the road 49 records of orders and 2nd brgade st Dvs dvson 5owllam wllam marsden dary MSS unversty of utah lbrary p 20 typewrtten orl ort p bdc

61 6 56 L john nuttall by order of adjutant pace wm W B c e col comdg 2 52 the major test of the utah legon came n the late 860s when a renegade ndan led a group of braves on rads aganst the southern utah communtes ths uprsng though lmted cost utah many mllons of dollars the unted states army unts statoned n utah at the tme dd nothng to help fght the ndans and the nauvoo legon was called upon to perform the job whch ordnarly the army could have handled no fnancal ad was forthcomng from federal sources conse- quently utah war the legon was on ts own as t had been durng darng darlng the unfortunately ths tme there was bloodshed the use of mssonares for mltary servce and the payment of debts by group acton was revved the legon had learned ts lesson well t was not always possble to obtan volunteers to fght the ndans f volunteers were needed and dd not 00 respond then men transents were hred at loo a month 53 the ffteen dollar per month pay scale was more realstc than the prevous two dollars a day pad by the legon n 86 the deseret news prnted a pay scale of the mlta whle n servce month55 showng a prvates pay to be eleven dollars a montha 4 the hred transents dd not prove very popular or 52records records of provo mltary 53dd 54 bd p 77 ng deseret news july 3 86 ydstrct mltar dstrct p 20

62 57 effcent general A johnson when nstructng the offcer n charge of replacements admonshed hm to send men of good characterlearned menand and have the fear of god at hec heart lrt who 5 wll lve ther relgon every day I f55 expenses accumulated durng the black hawk war were lqudated n the same manner as was vas used n 857 and l the records of the nauvoo legon show the followng entry notfed personally the staff and feld offcers to attend a meetng at head quarters on wednesday september 4th ath for the purpose of decdng on the best method of rasng means to lqudate a debt that s due woodmansee bers B for outfttng ttng etng supples sun sudples ples obtaned n 867 for sanpete ers expedton rotlners7 expedtons expedton5 5 supplyng a tactcal unt wth enough foodstuff for a campagn s a dffcult problem whch was sometmes beyond the capabltes of the man assgned the task n a scathng letter to col washburn chpman brgader general wllam ll l equpped aped pace denounced those responsble for sendng hm llequpped troops these troops from amercan fork were to be found entrely desttute of everythng but bread and meat neat megat furnshed by our quarterer quarterrraster quartermaster araster n addton general pace found the men - len nsuffcently clothed to be even comfortable wthout any attempt at respectablty n concluson pace felt att tt s entrely too late n the day to plead gnorance or for an offcer of hs experence to say he could not get the outft requred n a cty of as much wealth and sprt as amercan forkt forat 577 records 5ecords flecords fre of provo mltary Mlt ary arv p 7 Dstrct pe nauvoo church lbrary l80 8r0 nauvoo legon muster rolls p l72 records of provo mltary dstrct 57records lzjj 80 r MSS 72 L D S stret p 22

63 58 n the unted states army t was the job of the quartermaster to supply the ranks wth unforms foodstuff and termaster weapons the general practce among the mlta of the unted states was n opposton to the standard army proca procedure procr and the nauvoo legon was no excepton at no tme durng darng darlng the course of ts hstory dd the nauvoo legon take upon tself the responsblty of outfttng ts membershp the unform when obtanable was purchased at the dscreton of the ndvdual As late as 866 t was recommended that all commssoned offcers wear the nsgna of rank conformng wth U S regulatons and that the unforms adopted by companes battalons or regments were to be chosen by the men accordng to the wshes of the majorty 58 ths was the general practce followed by the mlta even though n 857 was made to regulate unforms erod brod unforros59 87 an efforts the offcers of the legon were generally n unform the hgher the rank the more mpressve the attre durng the utah war perod an alen vstor gave the followng des- crpton of an offcers dress leutenant general wells dons the cocked hat and gold epauletts gold plumes epaulets etts and strps down the pants gltterng hs staff have ther mltary ornamentatons several companes are regularly unformed tnsel fxngs here and there the spurs also do somethng at ornamental ornamentatons lons but by far the dress 60 greater porton of the army s n ordnary dress60 an dea of what the legonnares wore s gven by the 58deseret deseret news aprl journal hary june journal Hs hstory yary Lary 60deseret deseret news may 2 858

64 599 deseret news mews descrpt4 4 jon of parades mevs n ts descrpton n l6l 6 g lal george romneys corpany marched n the july 4th ath parade wearng whte pants and greyblouses n 862 major ladds artllery battalon paraded wth unforms consstng of dark blue blouses douses approprately trmmed cap blue pants and an approprately these unform were not costly but very neat and showy durng a muster at camp wasatch n utah county n 866 the commandng offcers of the assembled mlta wrote a letter le to leutenantgeneral wells suggestng that a mltary store lleutenant anant general be establshed at the earlest practcable date sad store ts would be under the drecton of the adjutant generals de- partment rement and ts object would be to purchase and mport mltary dress goods holsters sabres fabres brdles and other necessary accoutrements 6 6 nothng was done concernng the suggested mltary store n 869 advertsements by brown and mathews merchant talors appeared n the deseret news ths chcago frm announced specal attenton pad to makng up mltary unforms t suppled only offcers ders at a reasonable prce the same year that brown and mathews sought busness n utah ZCMI went nto the feld of mltary goods the followng advertsement called attenton to the new servce 6 archves

65 60 ATTENTION THE LEGION just arrved fall fal assortment of a full ful MILITARY TRIMMINGS TRIMYINGS INCLUDING SHOULDER STRAPS SASHES SWORDS HATS AND TRIMMINGS ALSO AN llva Ilva lva IMMENSE STOCK OF UNIFORMS whole companes can be ftted out wth ton at astonshngly low prces2 clothng guns and fxedprces92 ammunton aton prcesr 2 pror daton to the recom recon recommendaton endaton by the utah county mlta concernng a mltary store the f frm of eldrdge and clawson of pf salt lake cty nformed the legon that t had mltary wever goods for sale these goods however were merely trappngs and dd not completely fulfll the needs of the utah mlta 63 the legon dd not have a satsfactory outlet from whch t could obtan the unforms and other paraphernala necessary to dress ts ranks untl 869 when a good start was made by Z C M I shortly thereafter the lfe of the legon was as wll be explaned later shatter shafter threatened by governor shaffer the responsblty of supplyng arns arms arns for the membershp of the legon rested wth the men themselves the federal law of 792 to provde for the natonal defense by establshng a mlta sad that the enrolled must provde hmself wth a good musket or frelock bayonet belt two spare flnts deseret news september deseret news aprl 9 866

66 6 knapsack and a pouch wth twentyfour cartrdge cartrdges ns four 64 n 849 the general assembly of the state of deseret made t the duty of each enlsted man to have one good rfle musket or yaugergun gun wth all necessary accoutrements and knot not less than fortyeght rounds of ammunton 65 the membershp of the legon was not overly dlgent n fulfllng ths requrement typcal of the reports submtted to the adjutantgeneral s that of the 2nd brgade st st dvson ths salt lake group stated that n 862 t had n ts two regments 787 men who were equpped wth O frearms of varous classfcatons these 787 men possessed rounds of ammunton whch would amount to just over twenty rounds apece 6 snce powder and arms were not easy to tol come by n utah that could account for the dscrepancy n the report 66 the poneers had several sources from whch they mght obtan arms they could buy them from passng poneers they could send to the east and buy drectly from the manufacturer they could pck up ther quota from the government or they could make them n home factores agran gran doe the feasblty of buyng from passng mmgrants doess not at frst seem to present a good source snce the mmgrants mrgrant were n need of ther weapons whch were ther sole means of ts 64 brown edton U S statutes at larze lter 65alter alter op cte ct et elt p 67 large vol p 264 lttle ltte e 66 records of and 2ndergade brgade st st dvson p 39

67 62 debe defense and a means rp cf obtanng fresh food deferse but some of the passers n need of supples were wllng to part wth a weapon or powder n exchange for the staples of lfe and salt lakers had a proftable exchange wth goldseekers seekers n the leos be that as t may the settlers were admonshed not to mss an opportunty of obtanng ards arns aras grants 67 arlas and ammunton from the mmgrants 7 the second source eastern manufacturers was not overlooked general D TI wells corresponded wth samuel colt the nventor of the famous pstol wells was nterested n obtanng rfles whch however colt dd not manufacture but colt sent a prce lst and descrpton of hs pstols 00 no other correspondence s avalable to ndcate whether weapons were purchased from colt or any other manufacturer 68 by law the federal government was to supply the mltas of the several states and terrtores wth some arms 9 the number of arms to be allotted depended on the sze of the 69 organzaton under the orgnal arrangement but out n 8 5 ths system was amended after 855 arms were apportoned accordng to the number of senators and representatves the terrtores were to have ther supply made equal to 2000 muskets after whch they would receve the same number as the least receved by any state 70 w bown edton 67bdl bd pa p0 39 archves 69u 576 U S statutes at large vol I p 6 lttle upng hupng the mlta 70statements relatng to armng and equlpnge records of the war department offce of the chef record group 56 6 ss RSS the natonal archves Archvesy ves washngton D C 68 cher of ordnance

68 63 the old praport proporton lon of muskets alloted to men n the servce was sx weapons per thousand men utah wth less than three thousand men enlsted pror to was not n a poston to receve much help from the federal government wth the establshment of the new rato between 855 and 863 utah was enttled to a yearly average of 34 muskets 7 ths fgure does not nclude the peces provded to gve all the terrtores a startng base of 2000 revealng balng n 860 colonel crag H wrote to governor K gummng cummng that 7alng utah was due muskets together wth ac coutrements 72 these arms had never been clamed by the terrtory seemngly efforts were made by colonel C la I a ak olonel clonel T eller W 3k of the ordnance department to obtan ths allotment n 86 but he reported to the legslature that he was havng dffculty there s no record to show recept of any federal arms between 8 and producng weapons n utah the fourth source of acqurng arms was used because of the emergency stuaton whch was brought about by the threat of war wth the unted states gunsmths Gun smths were scarce n utah and when the need arose for ncreased producton of arms n the terrtoral legslature took over the exstng facltes73 bd 72 7 journals of the legslatve assembly of the terrtory L latve datve of utah loth annual sesson 8606 great elas elas ellas smth 86 p 6 salt lake cty 73kate B carter comp heart throbs of the west ll salt lake cty utah daughters of utah poneers III 2e vol 7bd ll l ll l p 2 7 pe 50 terrt

69 64 vl vr n salt lake cty a mr bell vsted the armory the followng account was reported n the new york herald mechancs were busy n the manufacture of revolvers verse verso they were anng turnng tb out oat colts holster revolvers at the rate of twenty per week the mormons were qute pleased wth the manufacture of ths artcle and consder t cotus coltus 74 colts74 equal at least to colts coltts provo also establshed an arms plant where aher 22 or 3 gun smths engaged n fttng up and reparng everythng n the shape of arms 75 the four sources by whch t was possble to obtan arms were augmented by at least three prvate enterprsng establshments james hague john S barnes and ross boss and barrett lb advertsed weapons for sale the recurrent ndan 76 apr uprsngs n encouraged these men to deal wth d frea-f arms even fven even wth ths source there was no perod when the legon had an oversupply of useable weapons for ts members n a prechrstmas 823 chrstmas message to the legslature 3 of the utah terrtory governor young reportng on the mlta dealt at length wth the problem of powder the mltary last legslature organzat numberng over two thousand wth ammunton and arms under the provson of the law of the have an effcent organzaton on lon and are generally well furnshed t has been somewhat dffcult to nduce men to retan a requste amount of powder on hand for such emergences as mght occur n a wld ndan country owng to the scarcty and consequent advance of prce yet upon a rgd nspecton of the forces by the adj ada general a suffcency was found whch n addton to the amount n mltary store wll f retaned 74deseret deseret news may mltarydstrct 75records of provo mltary dstrct p deseret news march and raprl daprl 867

70 65 on hand prove suffcent for any exgency that wll be lkely to rse the manufacture of powder would be a salutary measure f by the encouragement by the legslature t could be accomplshed n the terrtory ndan trade n that artcle artce ele ee s becomng extensve prce causng a correspondng advance n the prce77 as the what could be more natural than to establsh a powder plant to add to the strength of the mlta f ever the legon was truly called upon to act ndependent of outsde help for as was so often forwarded forwarned then a home powder manufacturer would be necessary for effectve mltary acton governor the legslature was not slow to act on the governors Is suggeston n january t passed a resoluton for the encouragement of the manufacture of powder agemen agamen t the generous provsons of ths resolve ncluded that a premum of tvo twohundred dollars be pad for for the frst one hundred pounds of good rfle powder that s manufactured from ngredents whch are the products of the terrtory of utah and one hundred dollars for the and ffty dollars for every sub- second hundred pounds sequent hundred pounds freall ffeall be offered to receve the premums0 0 hal gall ball that s enttled t was further stated that the manufacturer had to prove to the leutenantgeneral L e uterant general of the legon that the powder was a product of utah and f t proved under test that t was of sutable qualty the reward would be released sometme after october brgham young attempted to organze a company for the purpose of manufacturng powder A swss convert by the name of loba who clamed to be a chemst was to be the backbone of ths company hs 77deseret 25 nq de seret N evs january aq deseret news december deseret news 8530

71 66 assstants were eugene henrod horace Ljldr aldr Idredge ldredge wllam stanes Wll and wllam arn derley arr helderley El who were to be travelng agts aots ats n search sec4rch for salt peter sulfhur sulphur and other ngredents 79 sulf lobas capablty as a chemst was proved after the company was organzed 9 powder but wth alcohol but bat unfortunately t was not wth hs experment n ths realm made t expedent that he leave the terrtory and the frst attempt at powder manufacture was wrtten off as a falure qr 80 ar the effort to nterest some ambtous poneer n producng powder led the deseret news to prnt a complete formula for the manufacture of gunpowder p 8L however by 855 the bounty had not been pad and the need for powder was stll urgent ths lack of results probably nfluenced leutenant colonel robert keys to ncrease the premum to those lvng n southern colones I wll gve 50 0 on the deseret ron company for the frst ten pounds of good rfle powder manufactured n the southern settlements the powder to be made of ngredents found n sad regons of country I wll also gve proftablv6 00 to the frst dscoverer of good lead ore n suffcent body to pay for workng proftably revard two years for the term of the above reward wll allow the fnancal gan to an enterprsng sant could no longer be gnored wth the promse of recevng threehundred hundred huldred 79letter from eugene A henrod henrol d 926 L D S church lbrary september aan fn 80bd abd hearol to andrew jensen tbd loba whle expermentng wth molasses manufactured an alcoholc beverage whch turned hs attenton from powder he left the terrtory soon after 8 8deseret news january pa 2 jnnrnal jonrlaal hstory teyber b 85 Sep september 8550

72 I 67 and ffty dollars for the frst onehundred hundred pounds of powder produced many people undoubtedly tred but eleazer edwards of cedar cty was the frst to succeed on the 6th l6th lath of december 87 hosea stout met I haght C of ron county who llexhb- ted a canster of good rfle powder cade r care by edwards 83 by when jonstons jobnstons johnstons Jons army was enterng salt lake valley bro lzzer r elzzer edwards of washngton county had produced about 200 pounds of salt petre n hs powder mll ths powder was consdered as fne as any manufactured n the country and t s not nconcevable to beleve that t was edwards sdwards P ovder 84 edvards who receved the twohundred dollar terra premum dstrbuted by the terr4 tory n 859 record 85 ntal dsbursement s the only one on 89. ths arry the news of johnstons army arpy arny had the same effect on hadon powder roowder manufacturng as t had on the producton of weapons provo always actve n legon affars reacted to the emergency emer ener gendy wth enthusastc vgor as wtnessed by the followng letter captan head quarters provo ml adjutants offce dst elson barney provo cty jany 2th sr whereas the offcers of provo ml dst at a general meetng held on the evenng of the lth dnst voted unanmously to erect a powder mll and carry on the makng of gun powdery to be bult and controlled by the mltary of ths dstrct ths s therefore to authorze you to take control of the same as superntendent and call upon the dfferent p 83stoutl op et ct 84 el 5 cttj elt p 437 ctta journal hstory july 27 8 hs 85e 0 deseret news december 4 59 U

73 686 companes for such ad n work and means mems as you may requre for the completon of the buldngs &c ac most sutable respectsully respectfully uly yours ea com con corndg06 e6 g n nl as the I would also suggest thos B clarks lath ml satable place to locate the same sare sane as n all probablty hs water power can be hred much cheaper for a certan certah certaa length of tme than one can be bult be energetc and prosecute the work pace s wm B pace col colonel paces nstructons were carred out by hs men and the clark mll was set up as the center for powder manufacture men yen were sent out to locate deposts of salt petre whch theywere able to fnd n the vcnty of slate vlle canyon and sprngvlle Sprng larger quanttes of salt petre were known to be at the head of chanes IDu duchanes duchenes Du fork but wnter cond- 5 tons made t mpractcal to go after t then M C karsman was brought down from salt la lz lle e cty to supervse the powder manufacture and wth hs arrval the operaton began when 86 captan barney was called on a msson n march leutenant knsman was made superntendent of the provo powder works 87 salt lake cty was not outdone n the manufacture of powder the sarae same sarne sanne lr bell who reported to the new york herald ductng on the matter of pstol manufacturng found the mormons overcomng early dffcultes and productng some excellent powder mr bell expected that by sprng they wll have t n abundance ry d strct p 40 records of provo mltary dstrct 87j u 87 lad p 38 and p 2 QO 88 pe 42 88deseret news ay f york herald february lay reprnted eprlanted earlnted from the new

74 after the utah war brgham young was stll determned to locate a powder mll n salt lake cty hs frst falure n employng a chemst notwthstandng alex pyper and edwards were located by presdent young on the church farm 89 near sugar house 9 pyper the chemst eventually became a successful busness man n salt lake there s no record as to how the powder mll fared the mnng of lead for shot became of consderable mportance durng and mmedately after the threatened was wth the U S army under general johnston early mormon settlers n S southern bouthern nevada dscovered mneral deposts n the form of slver lead however ths materal proved to be too hard for bullets and the project was abandoned90 90 tarlton lews wllam barton and saac grundy brought some sone specmens of slverlead lead ore to brgham braham brdaham young on november 2 85 IQE under orders of brgham young they were joned by bollns and together they opened rollns james rollns mne n the mnersvlle MnersM vlle vle regon smelt smelter whch the frst bar of ore smelted ed weghed sxty pounds was carred to salt lake cty and sold at twentyfve fve cents per pound the deeper penetratons produced ore too hard for bullets and the enterprse was abandoned sxte 7 n the early saxte sxtes Is 9 89hstorc stes and land landmarks lly ly p 07 lbrary vol III arthur H effe mona lack laek I v clark dark mark co pp Landrnarks darks ISS L D S church aek nevada glendale cal the ap wpa WPA federal wrters project news releases aprl brgham young unversty lbrary mrrel meo mrreo graphed 90 av ssj saj

75 70 the operatons of the quartermaster and commssary departments were characterzed by cooperatve effort need for supples was met lyy the group as a whole the n the feld of obtanng unforms and weapons 5 ndependent effort wth no vsble ad from the quartermaster was the process followed the paymaster was after a0 mnor department ahead

76 I V departments OF THE GENERAL STAFF CONTINUED ordnance an ordnance department s hereby created under the charge of the chef of ordnance t shall consst of one leutenant colonel one major three captans and fve frst leutenants s thus n the nauvoo legon was offcally 4 provded wth an ordnance department colonel lerback T W ellerback ellenback El ehle 2 was app3nted appdnted apponted cheff ths act was merely gvng recognton to an nsttuton whch had exsted n utah snce january 849 when the hgh councl of the salt lake stake passed several ordnances whch apponted an armorer and called for an armory to be erected3 erected thomas tanner was apponted terrtoral armorer reynolds cahoon and thomas bullock were apponted to head the cot colt armory constructon commttee tee and thrtytwo two dollars were mmedately subscrbed towards the expense of the buldng 4 the terrtoral legslature became nterested n the armory project n when t approprated 3000 to enclose n 87 deseret news aprl hs chs hs staff conssted of lt col george B wallace capt robert L campbell capt charles colbrook lt henry artn actn martn maben lt john bollwnkel and lt edward partn Y JV 3 alter altery atery op ct p hstory january journal hst 20 7

77 72 a block and buld an armory for the preservaton of the publc arms ssary and provded that the equpment of the quartermaster and com comssary assary department were to be stored there cormj H B clawson was apponted specal agent for the erecton of the arsenal and was authorzed to collect contrbutons makethe and 5 make the contracts for constructon dur durl durng the perod known as the utah war the armory located on captol hll was used for the manufacture of arms other than ths perod t served only as a storng and repar center on october the buldng burned to the grounds asde from the money provded for the constructon of the armory the legslature approprated one thousand dollars 82 for the mountng of ordnance and reparng of arms 0 n 852 pror to 852 for reparng arms 82 tanner blled the terrtory nnetythree dollars ar ns arns n 850 nnety three 80 7 the armorer and armory certanly 6 had more use than the recorded events but ncomplete records revealed no more engneers topographcal engneers the legslatve act of whch provded for the further organzaton of the mlta of the terrtory of utah ncluded as part of the staff of the leutenant general two topographcal engneers who were to be colonels as s 0 8 when facts resolutons and memorals passed at the several 3 3 Islatve tvo annual sessons of the legslatve slatvo legsa assembly of the terrtory 0f of utah great salt lake cty joseph can 855 p 23 bd balter 7alter op ct sbdo 6bdo ol cte p 00 loe lole pe 436 P 3 8acts pacts frst sesson frst legslatve legel legslatve asseeja sec h actve assemble

78 73 albert carrngton was gven onez of the postons he becameb eeme chef of the topographcal engneer corps colonel carrngton was well qualfed to fll ths poston n the art of survey he was a pupl of captan howard stansbury of the unted states army havng served as assstant when stansbury made hs survey of the eastern great basn n carrngton was wthout prevous experence n the use of the nstruments but beng a gentleman of lberal caton catlon he soon acqured under nstructon the requste eda educaton skll 9 three years after the poston of topographcal engneer had been created colonel carrngton was authorzed to complete the corps by enrollng fr om the names of so many from legon the nauvoo leg on lon 5 as wll n your judgment 5 from ther knowledge of the requste branches of mltary scence justfy the appontment0 t to 0 the frst sgn of the choces whch colonel carrngton may have made came n 857 when the followng were apponted to the corps of topographcal engneers wllam clayton as leutenant colonel jesse W fos as leutenant colonel horace K whtney as major leo hawkns as major john Y long as major wm mles as captan G thomas D brown as captan john jaques as captan james H martneau as captan james lnforth as captan john chslett as frst leutenant 9carter acarter gt ct carter op ct vol II po 27 0 deseret newsy september

79 74 orson pratt jr as frst leutenant aurelus mner as second leutenant leutenantl leutenants ant charles moeller as second Leuten 7 lerback colonel T W ellerback ellenback El chef of ordnance was also assgned to the engneers when hsh other dutes permtted I s durng the ndan wars and whle preparng for johnstons army the topographcal engneers ewers elers were called upon to perform ther partcular task accompanyng photo reproductons testfy to the qualty of ther achevement judge advocate the offce of judge advocate was the only poston n specfcall aly the staff of the leutenant general whch was not specfcally called for by law t was a department organzed for the good of the servce2 servce2 general servce at the dscreton of the leutenant the specfc duty of the judge advocate as the legal offcer was to act as prosecutor at court martals martale hosea stout cpated offco the legons only recorded judge advocate also partcpated as an exoffco member of the many commttees whch drafted varous mltary laws an ordnance of the state of deseret passed n IS 849 framed the pattern whch was to be followed by the legon n levyng fnes by court martal falure to attend a muster deseret news june nay deem esse- 2 deseret news leutenant authorzed to adopt any regulaton that he may ntal to the good of the servce was general mews aprl the leutenantgeneral

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