APUSH - CHAPTER 15 THE FERMENT OF REFORM AND CULTURE

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1 APUSH - CHAPTER 15 THE FERMENT OF REFORM AND CULTURE Name Reviving Religion The Second Great Awakening 1. How had religion in the United States become more liberal by the early decades of the 19th century? Include a discussion of Deist and Unitarian beliefs and identify those who embraced them. 2. The Second Great Awakening occurred in response to this growing liberalism. Where did it begin and then where did it spread? 3. Why was it called one of the most momentous episodes in the history of American religion? 4. Explain how the Second Great Awakening was spread to the masses 5. Describe the primary preachers of the Second Great Awakening. 6. Explain how the Second Great Awakening resulted in the feminization of religion. Denominational Diversity 7. Where was the burned over district and why was it known by this title? 8. The Millerites came from the burned over district. Explain their interpretation of the Bible.

2 9. What socio-economic class, what region, and what denominations were most affected by the revivalism of the Second Great Awakening? A Desert Zion in Utah 10. Identify / describe Joseph Smith, his vision and his church. 11. What characteristics of the Mormons caused them to be persecuted by their neighbors? 12. What happened to Smith? Who led the Mormons to Utah and why did they settle there? 13. Describe the Mormon community in Utah and its growth. VIRTUALLY ALL OF THE REFORM MOVEMENTS OF THE ERA ARE DRIVEN BY THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING!! Puritan idea of a perfect society is alive and well again. Many people desired to reaffirm traditional values as society plunged into a more complex world of a transforming market economy. WOMEN ARE PARTICULARLY PROMINENT in these reform movements. Free Schools and Free Learning 14. What advances were made in the field of education from 1820 to 1850? 15. Who was the leading reformer in the area of education? 16. What Jacksonian democratic change caused a push for free education?

3 17. Identify the roles of Noah Webster and William McGuffey in education reform. Higher Goals for Higher Learning 18. The 2 nd Great Awakening led to the creation of many small, denominational, liberal arts colleges mostly in the South and West. Describe their curriculum. 19. How was women s higher education viewed in the early 19 th century? How did this view change and why? 20. Why did lyceums develop? What were they? Who participated? An Age of Reform Prison Reform / Mentally Handicapped 21. How were penitentiaries different from prisons? 22. How and why did Dorothea Dix participate in the reform movements? Demon Rum--The "Old Deluder" 23. What societal problems were caused by alcohol abuse in 19 th century America that led to the temperance movement? 24. When and where was the American Temperance Society formed? What were its goals and how did they try to accomplish them? 25. There were two major strategies used against Demon Drink: temperance and illegalization.

4 Identify / describe the reformer who led the move for illegalization and the success he had. 26. Assess the successfulness of the temperance reformers. Women in Revolt THIS REFORM MOVEMENT GREW OUT OF THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT! 27. How were women still the submerged sex in 19 th century America? 28. Define women s roles according to the ideas of Republican Motherhood, separate spheres and the cult of domesticity. 29. Identify / describe each of the following leaders of the women s rights movement: a) Lucretia Mott b) Elizabeth Cady Stanton c) Susan B. Anthony d) Elizabeth Blackwell e) Angelina and Sarah Grimke f) Lucy Stone g) Amelia Bloomer 30. When and where was the convention called for women s rights? What was the Declaration of Sentiments?

5 Wilderness Utopias 31. What was a wilderness utopia? 32. Briefly identify/describe the goals, practices, and demise of the following utopian communities: a) New Harmony, Indiana - Robert Owen b) Brook Farm, MA c) Oneida Community, NY - John Humphrey Noyes 1848 d) Shakers, NY Mother Ann Lee 1776 The Dawn of Scientific Achievement 33. Identify / describe the achievements of John Audubon. 34. Briefly describe medicine and some of the major ailments of the early 19 th century. Artistic Achievements 35. Who was America s most prominent architect? 36. Americans had been exporting artists and importing art. Identify the following major artists of the time: a) Gilbert Stuart b) Charles Willson Peale c) Hudson River School of Art

6 The Blossoming of a National Literature 37. In the early 1800's American writers emerged, who were recognized world-wide for their ability. What major event led to the boost in American literature? 38. The Knickerbocker Group in NY boasted some of America s greatest early writers. Identify the significance and achievements of: a) Washington Irving b) James Fenimore Cooper Trumpeters of Transcendentalism 39. Explain the philosophy of transcendentalism. 40. The best known transcendentalist was Ralph Waldo Emerson of Boston. Explain his significance and major achievements. 41. Henry David Thoreau best illustrated the theory in his life and writings. Explain. What future impact did Thoreau have? 42. Describe Walt Whitman. What was different about his most famous poem, Leaves of Grass? Glowing Literary Lights 43. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow a writer of historically-based poetry - was one of the most popular poets ever produced in America. Identify several of his poems.

7 Other major American literary notables included Louisa May Alcott (Little Women) and poet Emily Dickinson. Literary Individualists and Dissenters 44. For each of the following pessimist writers of the 19 th century, identify their primary focus and some of their major works: a) Edgar Allen Poe b) Nathaniel Hawthorne c) Herman Melville 45. Why do you think Poe and Melville were not appreciated as much in America at the time as they were in other times and places? Portrayers of the Past 46. How did the geographic background of early historians affect the history they wrote?