Reforming American Society

Transcription

1 Date HAPTER 8 orm HAPTER TEST Reforming American Society Part 1: Main Ideas Write the letter of the best answer. (4 points each) 1. The Second Great Awakening centered on the belief that a person s salvation depended on a. the help of a minister. c. the determination of God. b. his or her own efforts. d. his or her attendance at revival meetings. 2. Unlike revivalism, Unitarianism emphasized a. love of nature. c. reason and conscience. b. fear of God s wrath. d. emotional preaching and prayer. 3. One result of Nat Turner s rebellion was a. the launching of the abolitionist movement. b. the founding of the African Methodist Episcopal hurch. c. the tightening of laws controlling African-American slaves. d. the liberation of hundreds of slaves. 4. As an abolitionist, rederick Douglass favored a. political action to end slavery. c. resettlement of blacks in Africa. b. violent rebellion by blacks. d. a spiritual promise of freedom. 5. The cult of domesticity that governed the lives of married women in the early 1800s was based on a. federal laws. c. feminist reforms. b. religious laws. d. prevailing customs. 6. At the Seneca alls onvention, a resolution that women should receive the right to vote was a. voted down. c. only narrowly approved. b. not even presented. d. approved unanimously. 7. Most of the workers in textile factories in the 1820s were a. skilled journeymen. c. boys and girls. b. young single women. d. free African Americans. 8. The temperance movement recognized a. the equality of men and women. b. the importance of the church as a political voice for blacks. c. the destructive effects of drunkenness on family life. d. the truth found in nature and the imagination. 152 Unit 2, hapter 8

2 9. The Second Great Awakening was similar to Jacksonian democracy in its emphasis on a. the importance of reason and conscience. b. an emotional conversion experience. c. the power of the average citizen. d. the equality of blacks and whites. 10. In the 1820s, it was not true that urban slaves a. were often hired out to factory owners. b. spent more time on their own than rural slaves. c. were better clothed and fed than rural slaves. d. kept half of the money they earned. Part 2: Map Skills Use the map to answer the following questions in complete sentences. Write on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (4 points each) 11. What do the locations of the iron industries have in common? Why might this be so? 12. What method of transportation was most often used by the coal industry in the 1830s and 1840s? Northern ities and Industry, ities with over 100,000 population Iron and copper ore Weaponry lour oal anal Lake Superior Textiles lothing and footwear Timber Machinery and equipment Railroad ME IA Mississippi Missouri MO WI St. Louis IL hicago Lake Michigan Wabash Ohio IN MI incinnati Lake Huron Detroit leveland Louisville KY OH Lake Erie Buffalo Lake Ontario Allegheny Pittsburgh Baltimore Monongahela Washington, D.. Richmond VA PA Schuylkill NY Hudson Newark MD DE VT Delaware hesapeake Bay MA Bay NJ Philadelphia 0 0 NH New York Brooklyn Boston RI T N ATLANTI OEAN 100 Miles 100 Kilometers Reforming American Society 153

3 13. Describe the most efficient route for transporting goods from Baltimore to Richmond. 14. Identify the area of the country where the clothing industry was predominant in the 1840s. What might explain this? 15. Why would Pittsburgh have been an important inland shipping center? Part 3: Document-Based Questions Historical ontext: In mid-nineteenth century America, enslaved Africans were considered the property of their owners. Some escaped slaves told their life stories in autobiographies called slave narratives. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. (4 points each) Document 1 Some months after our marriage, the unfeeling master to whom I belonged... was constrained to sell me to his brother, who lived within seven miles of Wm. Gatewood, who then held Malinda as his property. I was permitted to visit her only on Saturday nights, after my work was done, and I had to be at home before sunrise on Monday mornings or take a flogging. He proved to be so oppressive, and so unreasonable in punishing his victims, that I soon found I should have to run away in self-defence. But he soon began to take the hint, and sold me to Wm. Gatewood the owner of Malinda. With my new residence I confess that I was much dissatisfied.... To live where I must be eye witness to [Malinda s] insults, scourgings, and abuses, such as are common to be inflicted upon slaves, was more than I could bear.... Not many months after I took up my residence on Wm. Gatewood s plantation, Malinda made me a father. The dear little daughter was called Mary rances. She was nurtured and caressed by her mother and father, until... I felt it to be my duty to leave my family and go into a foreign country for a season. Malinda s business was to labor out in the field the greater part of her time, and there was no one to take care of poor little rances, while her mother was toiling in the field. She was left at the house to creep under the feet of an unmerciful old mistress, whom I have known to slap with her hand the face of little rances, for crying after her mother, until her little face was left black and blue. from the slave narrative of Henry Bibb, published in Unit 2, hapter 8

4 16. How did the system of slavery disrupt enslaved persons families? Document 2 Runaway Slave Notice, Why might Henry May have been especially valuable to his owner? Reforming American Society 155

5 Document 3 Since I left you, I have had a rich experience. I have occupied situations which I never dreamed of when a slave. Three out of the ten years since I left you, I spent as a common laborer on the wharves of New Bedford, Massachusetts. It was there I earned my first free dollar. It was mine. I could spend it as I pleased. I could buy hams or herring with it, without asking any odds of anybody. That was a precious dollar to me. You remember when I used to make seven, or eight, or even nine dollars a week in Baltimore, you would take every cent of it from me every Saturday night, saying that I belonged to you, and my earnings also So far as my domestic affairs are concerned, I can boast of as comfortable a dwelling as your own. I have an industrious and neat companion, and four dear children the oldest a girl of nine years, and three fine boys, the oldest eight, the next six, and the youngest four years old. The three oldest are now going regularly to school two can read and write, and the other can spell, with tolerable correctness, words of two syllables. Dear fellows! they are all in comfortable beds, and are sound asleep, perfectly secure under my own roof. There are no slaveholders here to rend my heart by snatching them from my arms, or blast a mother s dearest hopes by tearing them from her bosom. These dear children are ours not to work up into rice, sugar, and tobacco, but to watch over, regard, and protect.... from To My Old Master, Thomas Auld by rederick Douglass, What simple things did rederick Douglass appreciate after escaping from slavery? 19. Slavery robs people of their humanity. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Write a brief essay in support of your position, citing evidence and examples from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points) 156 Unit 2, hapter 8

6 Part 4: Extended Response Answer each of the following questions in a short essay on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (10 points each) 20. hoose three women whom you studied in this chapter and discuss their contributions to reform movements in the 1840s. Why do you think women were motivated to take part in working for reforms at this time? Base your explanation on details about at least one of the women you discussed. Think About: the abolitionist movement other reform movements the Second Great Awakening responses to women s involvement in these movements 21. How did the factory system bring about dramatic changes in the working lives of many Americans? Which regions and which groups were most affected by these changes, and how did the different groups respond? Think About: the textile industry and other cottage industries immigration strikes and unions Reforming American Society 157