Politics in Colonial Texas By: Dr. Richard Bruce Winders, Director of Education & Curation

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Politics in Colonial Texas By: Dr. Richard Bruce Winders, Director of Education & Curation"

Transcription

1 Politics in Colonial Texas By: Dr. Richard Bruce Winders, Director of Education & Curation Americans who immigrated to Texas overwhelmingly favored the federal system of government. One issue that divided them, however, was how Texas should achieve separate statehood within the Mexican federal republic. One faction, often referred to by historians as the Peace Party, recommended working within the Mexican system as the best way to work out difficulties with the government and its officials. Another faction, labeled the War Party, favored a more aggressive stance against, even if it ultimately brought the colonists into conflict with Mexico. Tejano politics leaned toward federalism, but tended to center on local issues. The main goal was the breakup of Coahuila and Texas into two separate states, thereby giving Texas its own position within the Mexican federation. Political elites in Béxar welcomed the colonists as potential political allies and business partners. Tejanos whose land became contested by incoming colonists tended to be more accepting of centralist rule if it guaranteed their rights, however, the majority of Tejanos working on ranches were not involved in politics. Important Colonists Allied to the Peace Party Stephen F. Austin ( ) Austin is the best known of the Texas empersarios charged with the orderly settlement of Texas by colonists. He consistently urged not only his, but all colonists, to obey Mexican laws and to assimilate into the Mexican political system and society. As empresario, Austin s authority covered both civil and military affairs in Texas. His arrest at Saltillo in January 1834 and subsequent year of imprisonment in Mexico City, changed his political views. Upon

2 returning to Texas in August 1835, Austin called for war against the centralists. Austin urged cooperation with other Mexican federalists who also opposed the centralists. He commanded the Federal Army of Texas in its fall campaign against San Antonio de Béxar before being sent by the provisional government to the United States to raise funds for Texas. John Austin ( ) Although not related to the empersario of the same name, Connecticut native John Austin became one of Stephen F. Austin s original colonists known as the Old Three Hundred. A member of John Long s 1819 filibustering expedition, Austin eventually became alacalde of Brazoria. Involved in the first Anahuac disturbance, he became a delegate in the Convention of He died in 1833 in the cholera epidemic that swept Texas. Don Carlos Barrett ( ) Barrett, an attorney from Vermont, arrived in Texas fairly late, only becoming a Mexican citizen in April A resident of Mina (Bastrop), he and Edward Gritten went on an aborted mission to explain the colonists viewpoint to Cos at Matamoros. Once the revolution erupted, Barrett first served as delegate to the Consultation of 1835 before becoming a member of the General Council of the Provisional Government of Texas. Governor Henry Smith accused Barrett of practicing law without a license and using his position on the council for personal gain, a charge which further inflamed tension between the governor and the council. David G. Burnet ( )

3 A member of an influential Ohio family, the well educated Brunet actually established ties to Texas even before Mexican independence. An unsuccessful empresario venture introduced him to federalist Lorenzo de la Zavala, with whom he became partners. Known to oppose Texas independence at the outset of the revolution, Burnet was excluded from the Consultation and Convention. However, his outsider status worked to his favor when the Convention decided to elevate a non-delegate to the presidency of the new republic. Thomas J. Chambers ( ) A classically educated lawyer from Kentucky, Chambers' travels took him to Mexico City in Learning the language and the political lay of the land, he gained an appointment and in 1829 was named surveyor general for the Department of Texas. A naturalized Mexican citizen, he became the only colonist officially recognized by the Mexican bar. His criticism of the colonists action during the Anahuac disturbances caused him to be branded a Tory. Embracing the revolution when it erupted, Chambers received a commission as major general of reserves in exchange for a promised to raise a division of volunteers. Although he did not return to Texas until 1837, some of the men he raised served at San Jacinto. James W. Robinson ( ) Prior to leaving Indiana for Arkansas, Robinson had been a law partner of William Henry Harrison. By 1833, he had relocated to Nacogdoches, Texas. Sent to the Consultation in the fall of 1835, delegates elected him lieutenant governor of Texas Provisional Government. After Governor Henry Smith announced he was dissolving the General Council, its members voted to

4 depose Smith and replace him with Robinson. A major source of the conflict was the Council's continued support for Mexican federalists. Important Colonists Allied to the War Party Francis Frank W. Johnson ( ) Virginia born Johnson arrived in Texas in 1826 and quickly put his skills as a surveyor to use, laying out the plat for Harrisburg. In 1832, Johnson commanded colonists against Mexican authorities during the first Anahuac disturbance. At the Battle of Béxar, Johnson served as an aide to General Burleson, taking command of Ben Milam s column after he was killed. Although lacking the authority to do so, Johnson claimed to command the army left at Béxar following the Texan victory and Burleson s departure. In collusion with James Grant, Johnson promoted the ill-fated Matamoros Expedition. Although an ardent member of the War Party, Johnson supported an alliance with Mexican federalists, a position opposed by Governor Henry Smith. Mosely Baker ( ) A Virginian by birth, Baker left Alabama to escape a charge of forgery. He settled in San Felipe in An Alabama legislator and newspaper editor, prior to immigrating, he became a vocal proponent for independence once the revolution erupted. Although both were members of the War Party, Baker and Sam Houston developed a bitter hatred for each other. In April 1836, once the Texan Army reached San Felipe on the Brazos River, Baker refused to retreat any further. Houston said his company could stay but ordered Baker to burn the town.

5 Branch T. Archer ( ) A Virginian by birth, Archer came to Texas in 1831 after killing his cousin in a duel. A trained doctor, he settled in Brazoria and became an early advocate of Texas independence. He represented Brazoria at the Convention of Delegates elected Archer president of the Consultation held in November 1835 at San Felipe. Shortly afterwards he journeyed to the United States with Stephen F. Austin and William A. Wharton as the three commissioners empowered to raise cash and men for Texas. Henry Smith ( ) Born and raised in Kentucky, Smith came to Texas in 1827 and settled near the lower reaches of the Brazos River. He was wounded at the Battle of Velasco, an event associated with the first Anahuac disturbance in He held several civic and political positions, representing Brazoria and the surrounding communities. In 1834, the state governor appointed Smith the political chief of the Department of the Brazos. Favoring independence even before the revolution, Smith quickly demanded a complete break with Mexico s federalists. As the governor of Texas Provisional Government, his unyielding views and inability to work with others brought on conflict and chaos. William H. Wharton ( ) Although born in Virginia, Wharton came to Texas from Tennessee after passing that state s bar exam. Arriving in 1827, he married Sarah Ann Groce, the daughter of wealthy planter

6 Jared Groce. He served as a delegate to the Convention of 1832 and presided over the Convention of While serving with the army at the Siege of Béxar, the provisional government decided to send Wharton, Stephen F. Austin, and Branch T. Archer to the United States to raise men and money for the Texas cause. Important Tejano Political Figures Don Ramón Músquiz ( ) Born in San Antonio de Béxar, Músquiz sided with the Royalists during Texas early filibustering era. By 1823, Músquiz had a store in town. A contemporary of other prominent Tejanos, he filled several civic offices, including acting governor of Coahuila and Texas and the political chief for the Department of Texas. After the Texas Revolution, he relocated his family to Monclova. Juan Martín de Veramendi ( ) Born in San Antonio de Béxar to an influential merchant, Veramendi followed in the family business. During the Mexican Wars of Independence, he opposed the Las Casa Revolt of 1811, but was later suspected of helping the rebels. After the passage of these troubles, he became a member of San Antonio's ayuntamiento in 1820 and was alcalde in 1824, an office he held for the next few years. Veramendi also held state offices, serving as an alternate legislator and lieutenant governor. He rose to the rank of governor, but died in Monclova during the cholera epidemic of 1833.

7 Erasmo Seguín ( ) A native of San Antonio de Béxar, Seguín was accused of supporting the Gutiérrez- Magee Expedition of , and punished with the loss of his postmaster position and personal property. Eventually vindicated, he resumed various civic and political roles in the town, including alcalde in Neighbors sent him to the convention that worked out the details of the Constitution of Seguín formed a close political and business alliance with Stephen F. Austin and his colonists. His son was Captain Juan N. Seguín. Martín De León ( ) A native of Tamaulipas, De León relocated to Texas in He later received an empersario grant to settle Mexicans in the area around Presidio La Bahía and founded the town of Victoria. He feuded with Green DeWitt over the boundaries of their respective colonies. He died in the cholera epidemic of His son-in-laws included José M. J. Carbajal and Plácido Benavides. José Francisco Ruiz ( ) Ruiz served as one of Béxar s first school masters. His support for the republican revolt of forced him to flee to Louisiana in order to escape punishment by Spanish officials. Finally allowed to return in 1822, Ruiz then served as the commander of the Alamo Company as well as a city official. During the Texas Revolution, Ruiz represented Béxar at the convention held at Washington-on-the-Brazos and signed the Texas Declaration of Independence.

8 José Antonio Navarro ( ) Like his uncle, Jóse Francisco Ruiz, young Navarro went into exile following the 1813 Battle of Medina. He supported Stephen F. Austin when Texas was opened to immigration from the United States. During the Texas Revolution, Navarro also represented Béxar at the convention at Washington-on-the-Brazos where he signed the Texas Declaration of Independence. He later served in the Congress of the Republic of Texas and in the Texas Legislature once Texas became a state. Important Mexican Centralists Juan Davis Bradburn ( ) Born in Virginia in 1787, a young John Davis Bradburn joined the revolutionary movement in Mexico as a member of a filibustering expedition. Bradburn served under General Francisco Xavier Mina, a Spanish ex-patriot fighting for Mexico s independence. He was able to escape capture by royalist forces following the defeat of Mina at Guanajuato. Bradburn then served under Vicente Guerrero before defecting to join the royalist forces of Agustin de Iturbide. Iturbide soon changed sides resulting in Mexican independence. Following independence, Bradburn continued to hold the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Mexican Army. General Manuel Mier y Teran ordered Bradburn to Texas with the purpose of establishing a custom house at Anahuac. The centralist law of April 6, 1830, which limited immigration from the United States, put Bradburn at odds with many Anglo colonists. William Barret Travis challenged Bradburn s authority which led to Travis's arrest and Bradburn being forced to face opposition from other colonists. Bradburn was soon relieved of command and he moved to New Orleans before relocating to the area near Matamoros, where he lived until his death in 1842.

9 Anastasio Bustamante ( ) Anastasio Bustamante was born in the state of Michoacán in After studying medicine, Bustamante joined the royalist forces fighting against the independence seeking rebels in Mexico. After fighting many years, he joined Agustin de Iturbide and was appointed leader of the internal provinces in Mexico. Bustamante was instrumental in helping Stephen F. Austin receive his empresario contract to colonize Texas. In 1829, Bustamante was serving as vice president under Vicente Guerrero when he led a coup that placed him and his centralist ideals in the presidency. While acting as president, Bustamante passed the law of April 6, 1830 limiting immigration from the United States. In 1831, Bustamante had the federalist hero Vicente Guerrero executed following his capture. Bustamante rose to the presidency two more times in Mexico, among them during the period of the pastry wars against France in Nicolás Bravo ( ) Destined to be a leader, Nicolás Bravo was born on September 10, 1786 in Chilpancingo. At the outbreak of revolution, he joined the forces of Father José María Morelos along with his father. Upon hearing of his father s death at the siege of Cuautla, Nicolás Bravo, made the decision to execute 300 royalists he had captured but then rescinded the order, freeing the prisoners proving to his men that independence was better than tyranny. Bravo was captured and imprisoned in 1818 and held until 1820 when he was released. Following Iturbide s coronation, Bravo, Vicente Guerrero and Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna forced Iturbide out of office, leading to the establishment of the Constitution of The election of Guadalupe Victoria as president, placed centralist Nicolas Bravo as the first vice president of Mexico a

10 position he held until he led a failed coup against Victoria. Upon being released from prison following the unsuccessful coup, Bravo put his support behind Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. Bravo would serve as Mexico s president three times. Manuel Mier y Terán ( ) Manuel Mier y Terán was born in Mexico City in 1789 and joined José María Morelos in the revolt against the Spanish in Following independence, Mier y Terán served in many positions in the new government leading to an appointment by President Guadalupe Victoria as the leader of a boundary commission in Texas from The trip to Texas led Mier y Terán to see the possible encroachment of the United States as a threat to Mexico. His report called for more forts in Texas and for settlers to be sought from Europe and Mexico. Mier y Terán's recommendations led to the law of April 6, Mier y Terán was ordered to help repel the Spanish forced at Tampico in 1829 and following the expulsion was appointed commander of the eastern provinces. As commander of the eastern provinces, Mier y Terán ordered Juan Davis Bradburn into Texas, leading to hostilities between the colonists and the centralist commander. On July 3, 1832, Manuel Mier y Terán depressed over the fate of Texas committed suicide by falling on his sword, in the same town where Agustin Iturbide had been executed. Antonio López de Santa Anna ( ) Born in Jalapa, Vera Cruz in 1794, Antonio López de Santa Anna joined the military at an early age, and participated in the battle of Medina in San Antonio under the command of

11 royalist commander General Joaquin de Arredondo. His bravery in battle led to his first of many military promotions. As the war for independence continued, Santa Anna changed sides to the insurgent cause once he knew that Spain would not win. This move placed in him a powerful military and political position in the newly independent country. At first he backed General Agustin de Iturbide as emperor, but soon changed his position and was instrumental in his removal. Santa Anna became a champion for federalism by lending support for the Constitution of Under President Vicente Guerrero, Santa Anna successfully defeated a Spanish attempt at invading Mexico, earning him the title of Victor of Tampico. This victory would soon lead him to the presidency. Santa Anna was elected president of Mexico in 1833, but soon left the office in the hands of his Vice President Valentin Gomez Farias. Farias's liberal reforms forced centralist leaders to action, calling for Santa Anna s return. Upon his return to office, Santa Anna had changed his political views to those of centralism. Under his centralist regime, Mexico entered into a period of civil war, which eventually led to the Texas revolution.

federalists centralists revolution siege delegate republic courier treaty Ad Interim Cavalry

federalists centralists revolution siege delegate republic courier treaty Ad Interim Cavalry Unit 5 Vocabulary federalists those in Mexico who supported the establishment of a federal system of government like that in the United States. centralists those in Mexico who favored a strong central

More information

The Road to Revolution

The Road to Revolution The Road to Revolution Unit 6 Vocab 1. Ad Interim Temporary 2. Annexation The act of adding or joining a territory to an existing one. 3. Artillery Mounted guns; cannons. 4. Bombard To attack often with

More information

The Events that Led to the Texas Revolution

The Events that Led to the Texas Revolution The Events that Led to the Texas Revolution Federalists power should be shared between the states and the national government Mexico City THE CONSTITUTION OF 1824 Federalists wrote a constitution in 1824

More information

The Events that Led to the Texas Revolution

The Events that Led to the Texas Revolution The Events that Led to the Texas Revolution Federalists power should be shared between the states and the national government Mexico City THE CONSTITUTION OF 1824 Federalists wrote a constitution in 1824

More information

Ch. 10 Road to Revolution

Ch. 10 Road to Revolution Ch. 10 Road to Revolution American Settlers in a Mexican Nation American colonists in Texas had to adapt to a different culture and government in Mexican Texas. Many refused to adapt. They wanted to live

More information

Texas History 2013 Fall Semester Review

Texas History 2013 Fall Semester Review Texas History 2013 Fall Semester Review #1 According to the colonization laws of 1825, a man who married a Mexican woman. Received extra A: B: land Was not allowed to colonize Had to learn C: D: Spanish

More information

5-1.1 Discussion Notes: Austin Establishes a Colony. Moses Austin Paves the Way

5-1.1 Discussion Notes: Austin Establishes a Colony. Moses Austin Paves the Way 5-1.1 Discussion Notes: Austin Establishes a Colony Moses Austin Paves the Way Moses Austin was the first Anglo American to get permission from Spain to bring American settlers to Texas. He lost his business

More information

Now, Austin was in prison. As he sat in his lonely cell he began to question the principles that had guided him for so long

Now, Austin was in prison. As he sat in his lonely cell he began to question the principles that had guided him for so long Chapter 6 section 5 His prison cell was 16 feet long by 13 feet wide. The solid stone walls around him were 3 feet thick. The only light came through a small skylight in the high ceiling there were no

More information

7-1: Austin Establishes a Colony. Created By Mrs. Phillips

7-1: Austin Establishes a Colony. Created By Mrs. Phillips 7-1: Austin Establishes a Colony Created By Mrs. Phillips Moses Austin Paves the Way Moses Austin was the first Anglo American to get permission from Spain to bring American settlers to Texas. He lost

More information

2 nd Quarter CUA Review

2 nd Quarter CUA Review Colonization 1. What was the purpose of Spanish missions in Texas? Spanish missions served two purposes. To convert native peoples to Christianity and to help Spain secure its claim to the land. 2. What

More information

The War Begins! Domingo de Ugartechea return a canon refused take it by force.

The War Begins! Domingo de Ugartechea return a canon refused take it by force. TEXAS REVOLUTION The War Begins! By 1835, many Texans were upset with the Mexican government because of Santa Anna s actions Fearing trouble, Mexican general Domingo de Ugartechea, ordered the people of

More information

The Making of a Nation #47

The Making of a Nation #47 The Making of a Nation #47 The national election of 1832 put Andrew Jackson in the White House for a second term as president. One of the major events of his second term was the fight against the Bank

More information

Remember the Alamo! The Making of a Nation Program No. 47 Andrew Jackson Part Two

Remember the Alamo! The Making of a Nation Program No. 47 Andrew Jackson Part Two Remember the Alamo! The Making of a Nation Program No. 47 Andrew Jackson Part Two From VOA Learning English, welcome to The Making of a Nation, our weekly program of American history for people learning

More information

SELECTIONS FROM THE CATALOGUE OF THE SPANISH COLLECTION OF THE TEXAS GENERAL LAND OFFICE Part II

SELECTIONS FROM THE CATALOGUE OF THE SPANISH COLLECTION OF THE TEXAS GENERAL LAND OFFICE Part II SELECTIONS FROM THE CATALOGUE OF THE SPANISH COLLECTION OF THE TEXAS GENERAL LAND OFFICE Part II Correspondence, Empresario Contracts, Decrees, Appointments, Reports, Notices & Proceedings pertaining to

More information

* Chapter 6, Section 3

* Chapter 6, Section 3 Chapter 6, Section 3 Anglo settlers were angry following the passing of the Law of April 6, 1830 and then the governmental changes occurring in Mexico. They were upset because Mexico placed military rulers

More information

SPANISH TEXAS. Spanish land called Tejas bordered the United States territory called Louisiana. This land was rich and desirable.

SPANISH TEXAS. Spanish land called Tejas bordered the United States territory called Louisiana. This land was rich and desirable. SPANISH TEXAS Spanish land called Tejas bordered the United States territory called Louisiana. This land was rich and desirable. Tejas was a state in the Spanish colony of New Spain but had few Spanish

More information

Remembering. Remembering the Alamo. Visit for thousands of books and materials.

Remembering. Remembering the Alamo.  Visit  for thousands of books and materials. Remembering the Alamo A Reading A Z Level T Leveled Reader Word Count: 1,456 LEVELED READER T Remembering the Alamo Written by Kira Freed Visit www.readinga-z.com for thousands of books and materials.

More information

Unit 5. Unrest and Revolt in Texas

Unit 5. Unrest and Revolt in Texas Unit 5 Unrest and Revolt in Texas 1821-1836 Texas Revolution For these notes you write the slides with the red titles!!! Important People George Childress chaired the committee in charge of writing the

More information

Chapter 5 Colonization and the Empresarios

Chapter 5 Colonization and the Empresarios Lone Star: The Story of Texas Chapter 5 Colonization and the Empresarios (1821-1836) Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

More information

Growing Tensions Santa Anna rebels against Mexico s Emperor Augustín de Iturbide The Fredonian Revolt

Growing Tensions Santa Anna rebels against Mexico s Emperor Augustín de Iturbide The Fredonian Revolt Growing Tensions Why It Matters Tensions increased between Texans and the Mexican government in the 1820s and 1830s. Some Texans believed that separation from Mexico even if it meant war was the only solution

More information

7 th Grade Texas History Chapter 10-11

7 th Grade Texas History Chapter 10-11 7 th Grade Texas History Chapter 10-11 #1 Fannin did not aid the defenders at the Alamo because. A: His troops had B: cholera He had a shortage of food He had a shortage C: D: of wagons He had a shortage

More information

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Week 13 CCA Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Soldiers in the fight on horseback. A. cavalry B. infantry C. Marines D. Air Force 2. The delegates

More information

H THE STORY OF TEXAS EDUCATOR GUIDE H. Student Objectives TEKS. Guiding Questions. Materials

H THE STORY OF TEXAS EDUCATOR GUIDE H. Student Objectives TEKS. Guiding Questions. Materials H C H A P T E R F I V E H A GROWING SENSE OF SEPARATENESS Overview Chapter 5: A Growing Sense of Separateness begins at the entrance of the Second Floor exhibits and stretches through Stephen F. Austin

More information

Section 1 The Oregon Country: The U.S. was a nation that was destined to be a country that reached from coast to coast.

Section 1 The Oregon Country: The U.S. was a nation that was destined to be a country that reached from coast to coast. Chapter 14 Manifest Destiny Section 1 The Oregon Country: The U.S. was a nation that was destined to be a country that reached from coast to coast. Settlers Move West: The Oregon Country included the present

More information

SELECTIONS FROM THE CATALOGUE OF THE SPANISH COLLECTION OF THE TEXAS GENERAL LAND OFFICE Part II

SELECTIONS FROM THE CATALOGUE OF THE SPANISH COLLECTION OF THE TEXAS GENERAL LAND OFFICE Part II SELECTIONS FROM THE CATALOGUE OF THE SPANISH COLLECTION OF THE TEXAS GENERAL LAND OFFICE Part II Correspondence, Empresario Contracts, Decrees, Appointments, Reports, Notices & Proceedings pertaining to

More information

.by Express night & day. To The People of Texas and All Americans. Introduction

.by Express night & day. To The People of Texas and All Americans. Introduction .by Express night & day. To The People of Texas and All Americans Introduction Perhaps no other letter was as instrumental in the formation of a nation, as the February 24, 1836 letter penned by Alamo

More information

Presentation Plus! Texas and Texans Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Send all inquiries to:

Presentation Plus! Texas and Texans Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Send all inquiries to: Presentation Plus! Texas and Texans Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Send all inquiries to: GLENCOE DIVISION Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, Ohio 43240 Chapter Introduction

More information

Manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion

Manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion Manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion Van Buren, Harrison, and Tyler Martin Van Buren was the 8th President from 1837-1841 Indian Removal Amistad Case Diplomacy with Great Britain and Mexico over land

More information

The Texas Revolution

The Texas Revolution 2 The Texas Revolution MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES American and Tejano citizens led Texas to independence from Mexico. The diverse culture of Texas has developed from the contributions of

More information

The Republic of Texas

The Republic of Texas The Republic of Texas TREATY OF VELASCO Public part: Santa Anna agree to never fight against Texas again and to withdraw all Mexican troops out of Texas. Private part: Santa Anna would leave Texas alone,

More information

3. James Jim Bowie. On February 23, the bells of San Fernando sounded the alarm of the approach of the Mexicans. The siege of the Alamo had begun.

3. James Jim Bowie. On February 23, the bells of San Fernando sounded the alarm of the approach of the Mexicans. The siege of the Alamo had begun. 1. Juan Seguín As a teenager in Mexico, Juan Seguín had a strong interest in politics. His father helped to write the Mexican Constitution of 1824. Juan learned the importance of politics from watching

More information

Manifest Destiny,

Manifest Destiny, Manifest Destiny, 1810 1853 Westward expansion has political, economic, and social effects on the development of the United States. Stephen Fuller Austin, 19thcentury American frontiersman and founder

More information

The Battle of the Alamo

The Battle of the Alamo The Battle of the Alamo A Reading A Z Level V Leveled Reader Word Count: 1,909 LEVELED READER V The Battle of the Alamo Written by David L. Dreier Illustrated by Cende Hill Visit www.readinga-z.com for

More information

OUR FAMILY OUR NEILL FAMILY

OUR FAMILY OUR NEILL FAMILY OUR NEILL FAMILY Compiled by Dalton Ray Phillips 2001 123 James Clinton Neill married Margaret Harriett Ferguson intennessee around 1814. Their son, Samuel Clinton Neill, married Lourahama (Ruy) Berry

More information

Name: Class Period: Date:

Name: Class Period: Date: Name: Class Period: Date: Unit #2 Review E George Washington H Jay s Treaty D Pinckney s Treaty G Treaty of Greenville K Whiskey Rebellion B Marbury v. Madison A. The greatest U.S. victory in the War of

More information

bk09c - Manifest Destiny ( )

bk09c - Manifest Destiny ( ) bk09c - Manifest Destiny (1800-1850) MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In the 1820s, New Mexico, Texas, and California attracted expansionists because A the U.S. government had influence over Spain. B they were rich

More information

Map Exercise Routes West and Territory

Map Exercise Routes West and Territory Routes to the West Unit Objective: examine the cause and effects of Independence Movements west & south of the United States; investigate and critique U.S. expansionism under the administrations of Van

More information

Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc.

Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. Stock#: 33114 Map Maker: Austin Date: Place: Philadelphia Color: Hand Colored Condition: VG Size: 29 x 23.5 inches Price: SOLD Description: Full original color example (with contemporary manuscript annotations!)

More information

Oregon Country. Adams-Onís Treaty. Mountain Men. Kit Carson. Oregon Trail. Manifest Destiny

Oregon Country. Adams-Onís Treaty. Mountain Men. Kit Carson. Oregon Trail. Manifest Destiny Chapter 11 Section 1: Westward to the Pacific Oregon Country Adams-Onís Treaty Mountain Men Kit Carson Oregon Trail Manifest Destiny Chapter 11 Section 2: Independence for Texas Davy Crockett The area

More information

Chapter 8/Section 1: Declaration of Independence

Chapter 8/Section 1: Declaration of Independence Name: Period: 12 / 9 / 13 QVMS Baxmann Chapter 8/Section 1: Declaration of Independence The Meeting of the Convention 1. What was Santa Anna s goal? 2. In Santa Anna s mind, there could be no. 3. Where

More information

Joseph Bonnell: The Forgotten Texas Leader. Truman Dowdy. Junior Division. Lone Star Leadership in History

Joseph Bonnell: The Forgotten Texas Leader. Truman Dowdy. Junior Division. Lone Star Leadership in History Joseph Bonnell: The Forgotten Texas Leader Truman Dowdy Junior Division Lone Star Leadership in History PAGE 1 May it be said, Well done; Be thou at peace Captain Joseph Bonnell. 1 There are many people

More information

Manifest Destiny Unit Text Chapter 13

Manifest Destiny Unit Text Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny Unit Text Chapter 13 8.58 Describe the concept of Manifest Destiny and its impact on the developing character of the American nation, including the purpose, challenges and economic incentives

More information

Write your contestant number in the upper right corner, and circle your grade below. Circle Grade Level :

Write your contestant number in the upper right corner, and circle your grade below. Circle Grade Level : FOR GRADER USE ONLY Score Test Below: out of 75. Initials out of 75. Initials Papers contending to place: CONTESTANT NUMBER: University Interscholastic League A+ Listening Contest Answer Sheet out of 75.

More information

Bell work. What do you think when you hear the term Manifest Destiny?

Bell work. What do you think when you hear the term Manifest Destiny? Bell work What do you think when you hear the term Manifest Destiny? Manifest Destiny and the War with Mexico Essential Question How did the idea of Manifest Destiny affect the movement of Americans across

More information

Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation

Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation How justifiable was U.S. expansion in the 1800s? P R E V I E W Your teacher will display a painting that is also reproduced at the beginning of this lesson in the

More information

Compiled by D. A. Sharpe

Compiled by D. A. Sharpe Compiled by D. A. Sharpe Zachary Taylor was born November 24, 1784 in Orange County, Virginia. His Christian faith was in the Episcopal Church. Zachary Taylor is my 32nd cousin, once removed. In addition,

More information

Life in the New Nation

Life in the New Nation Life in the New Nation United States History Fall, 2014 Cultural, Social, Religious Life How and when did the new nation s identity take shape? Cultural advancement many tried to establish national character

More information

8th - CHAPTER 10 EXAM

8th - CHAPTER 10 EXAM Multiple Choice 8th - CHAPTER 10 EXAM Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Astoria was a significant region in the Pacific Northwest at the beginning of the

More information

INTRODUCTION TO SECOND EDITION

INTRODUCTION TO SECOND EDITION ITRODUCTIO TO SECOD EDITIO The Alamo's Texas Maps for Teachers recognizes that history and geography are inseparable. This project was conceived after listening to teachers voice their concerns that current

More information

Chapter 7 - Manifest Destiny

Chapter 7 - Manifest Destiny Chapter 7 - Manifest Destiny 1) By the time the Civil War began, more Americans lived west of the Appalachians than lived in states along the Atlantic coast 2) Many emigrants headed for California and

More information

HIST 1301 Part Three. 13: An Age of Expansion

HIST 1301 Part Three. 13: An Age of Expansion HIST 1301 Part Three 13: An Age of Expansion Manifest Destiny Trails West A belief in Manifest Destiny led many Americans to go west in the early 1800s. 2 min. 51 sec. [It is] our manifest destiny to overspread

More information

In the 1840s, westward expansion led Americans to acquire all lands from the Atlantic to Pacific in a movement called Manifest Destiny

In the 1840s, westward expansion led Americans to acquire all lands from the Atlantic to Pacific in a movement called Manifest Destiny In the 1840s, westward expansion led Americans to acquire all lands from the Atlantic to Pacific in a movement called Manifest Destiny Obvious Future Americans flooded into the West for new economic opportunities

More information

Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West

Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West The Market Revolution factory system changed the lives of workers and consumers. People will stop growing and making things for their own survival and begin

More information

Expanding West. Trails to the West. The Texas Revolution. The Mexican-American War. The California Gold Rush. Section 1: Section 2: Section 3:

Expanding West. Trails to the West. The Texas Revolution. The Mexican-American War. The California Gold Rush. Section 1: Section 2: Section 3: Expanding West Section 1: Trails to the West Section 2: The Texas Revolution Section 3: The Mexican-American War Section 4: The California Gold Rush Section 1: Trails to the West Key Terms & People: John

More information

THE AGE OF JACKSON CHAPTER 13. Election of Election of /13/16

THE AGE OF JACKSON CHAPTER 13. Election of Election of /13/16 CHAPTER 13 THE AGE OF JACKSON Election of 1824! Four candidates all Republican! All nominated in different ways (states, party caucus)! John Q. Adams - Sec. of State! Henry Clay - Speaker of the House!

More information

Click a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

Click a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides. Chapter Introduction Section 1 First Missions Are Built Section 2 Spanish Settlements Section 3 Building Communities Chapter Summary Chapter Assessment Click a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

More information

EXPANDING MARKETS & MOVING WEST C H AP T E R 9

EXPANDING MARKETS & MOVING WEST C H AP T E R 9 EXPANDING MARKETS & MOVING WEST C H AP T E R 9 MARKET REVOLUTION Becoming more industrialized, especially in the Northeast with textile mills, but also mining was beginning to pay big dividends Farmers

More information

American Westward Expansion

American Westward Expansion Chapter 9 Americans Head West In 1800 less than 400,000 settlers lived west of the Appalachian Mountains. By the beginning of the Civil War, more Americans lived west of the Appalachians than lived along

More information

Expanding West. Chapter 11 page 342

Expanding West. Chapter 11 page 342 Expanding West Chapter 11 page 342 Trails to the West Section 1 Americans Move West In the early 1800s, Americans pushed steadily westward, moving even beyond the territory of the United States Many of

More information

The Louisiana Territory Act-It-Out

The Louisiana Territory Act-It-Out I N F O R M ATI O N MASTER A The Louisiana Territory Act-It-Out Follow the narration below to create an act-it-out about the Louisiana Territory. When your teacher says Action!, the actors will move, act,

More information

The Alamo. Remembering Through Education. 7 th Grade School Packet

The Alamo. Remembering Through Education. 7 th Grade School Packet The Alamo Remembering Through Education 7 th Grade School Packet The Alamo P.O. Box 2599 San Antonio, Texas 78299 210-225-1391 http://www.thealamo.org Dear Educator: The DRT is striving to meet the needs

More information

Chapter 10 The Texas Revolution February-May 1836

Chapter 10 The Texas Revolution February-May 1836 Chapter 10 The Texas Revolution February-May 1836 Essential Questions Did the change in the government of Mexico justify the rebellion of the Texans? Were the Texans justified in declaring independence

More information

The United States Expands West. 1820s 1860s

The United States Expands West. 1820s 1860s The United States Expands West 1820s 1860s President Martin van Buren - #8 Democrat (VP for Jackson s 2 nd term) In office 1837-1841 Promised to continue many of Jackson s policies Firmly opposed the American

More information

Study Guide: Sunshine State Standards

Study Guide: Sunshine State Standards Ù Ç È É Ê Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ì È Í Ê Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Î Ï È Ð Ð Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Ë Study Guide: Chapter

More information

Chapter 13 Westward Expansion ( ) (American Nation Textbook Pages )

Chapter 13 Westward Expansion ( ) (American Nation Textbook Pages ) Chapter 13 Westward Expansion (1820-1860) (American Nation Textbook Pages 378-405) 1 1. Oregon Country In the spring of 1846 many people were on their way to the western frontier. As the nation grew many

More information

U.S. Territorial Acquisitions,

U.S. Territorial Acquisitions, G E O G R A P H Y C H A L L E N G E U.S. Territorial Acquisitions, 1803 1853 B R I T I S H 130 W C A N A D A E A T G R MO UN TA INS N UNITED STATES, 1800 IA N S P L A I N San Francisco Boston New York

More information

Chapter 3: Many Flags over Iowa

Chapter 3: Many Flags over Iowa Chapter 3: Many Flags over Iowa CONTENT OBJECTIVES IOWA PAST TO PRSENT TEACHERS GUIDE Revised 3 rd Edition Following the completion of the readings and activities for this chapter, students will have acquired

More information

Life in the New Nation ( )

Life in the New Nation ( ) America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 7 Life in the New Nation (1783 1850) Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. All rights reserved.

More information

CHAPTER 13 THE AGE OF JACKSON

CHAPTER 13 THE AGE OF JACKSON CHAPTER 13 THE AGE OF JACKSON Election of 1824 Four candidates all Republican All nominated in different ways (states, party caucus) John Q. Adams - Sec. of State Henry Clay - Speaker of the House William

More information

THE AGE OF JACKSON CHAPTER 13. Election of Election of /8/13

THE AGE OF JACKSON CHAPTER 13. Election of Election of /8/13 CHAPTER 13 THE AGE OF JACKSON Election of 1824 Four candidates all Republican All nominated in different ways (states, party caucus) John Q. Adams - Sec. of State Henry Clay - Speaker of the House William

More information

The Americans (Survey)

The Americans (Survey) The Americans (Survey) Chapter 9: TELESCOPING THE TIMES Expanding Markets and Moving West CHAPTER OVERVIEW The economy of the United States grows, and so does the nation s territory, as settlers move west.

More information

Chapter 7. Life in the New Nation ( )

Chapter 7. Life in the New Nation ( ) Chapter 7 Life in the New Nation (1783 1850) America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 7: Life in the New Nation (1783 1850) Section 1: Cultural, Social, and Religious Life Section 2: Trails to the West

More information

*On your sticky note depict (draw) the following two words. Acquire. Expansion

*On your sticky note depict (draw) the following two words. Acquire. Expansion *On your sticky note depict (draw) the following two words. Acquire Expansion The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 1. What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 establish? This act established the principles

More information

U.S. Territorial Acquisitions,

U.S. Territorial Acquisitions, Unit 5 Geography Challenge ANSWER KEY U.S. Territorial Acquisitions, 1803 1853 130 W BRITISH CANADA PACIFIC OCEAN W N S E 0 400 800 miles 0 400 800 kilometers Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection Gulf

More information

Visiting Future Enemies

Visiting Future Enemies Visiting Future Enemies Mexican Visitors to the United States, 1830s In 1846, the United States and Mexico went to war. Less than two years later, the United States Army occupied Mexico City, and Mexico

More information

CHAPTER 8 CREATING A REPUBLICAN CULTURE, APUSH Mr. Muller

CHAPTER 8 CREATING A REPUBLICAN CULTURE, APUSH Mr. Muller CHAPTER 8 CREATING A REPUBLICAN CULTURE, 1790-1820 APUSH Mr. Muller AIM: HOW DOES THE NATION BEGIN TO EXPAND? Do Now: A high and honorable feeling generally prevails, and the people begin to assume, more

More information

Won. Independence Charles Dickens began to write Oliver Twist Charles Goodyear found commercial use for rubber

Won. Independence Charles Dickens began to write Oliver Twist Charles Goodyear found commercial use for rubber Independence Won Why It Matters The Battle of San Jacinto, on April 21, 1836, was a decisive battle in Texas history. By defeating the Mexican forces and capturing Santa Anna, the Texans won their independence

More information

Jump Start. You have 5 minutes to study your Jackson notes for a short 7 question Quiz.

Jump Start. You have 5 minutes to study your Jackson notes for a short 7 question Quiz. Jump Start You have 5 minutes to study your Jackson notes for a short 7 question Quiz. All of my copies of the notes are posted on the white board for reference. Please DO NOT take them down. Manifest

More information

MANIFEST DESTINY Louisiana Territory

MANIFEST DESTINY Louisiana Territory Louisiana Territory 1. Southwest Santa Fe Trail- Independence, MO to Santa Fe, NM, 1 st attempt thru TX and Mexico William Becknell- developed trade route, caravan system - traded goods to settlers 2.

More information

U.S. History I Ch War with Mexico Mexico, upset about the Texas Annexation, goes to war with the U.S.

U.S. History I Ch War with Mexico Mexico, upset about the Texas Annexation, goes to war with the U.S. Bellringer: D14 Summarize the history of Texas up to Annexation in 1845 (pp 362-368) 1820s - Spain / Mexico offer attractive land grants to settlers Rules? Learn Spanish, be Catholic, and become Mexican

More information

Between the early 1830s and the mid 1850s, a new political party called the Whigs ran in opposition against the Democrat party of Andrew Jackson.

Between the early 1830s and the mid 1850s, a new political party called the Whigs ran in opposition against the Democrat party of Andrew Jackson. Between the early 1830s and the mid 1850s, a new political party called the Whigs ran in opposition against the Democrat party of Andrew Jackson. They believed in congressional supremacy instead of presidential

More information

Remembering Through Education

Remembering Through Education Remembering Through Education 7 th Grade School Packet The Alamo P. O. Box 2599 San Antonio, Texas 78299 210-225-1391 http://www.thealamo.org P. O. Box 2599 San Antonio, Texas 78299 (210) 225-1391 Dear

More information

MANIFEST DESTINY OUR FATE TO SPREAD FROM SEA TO SHINING SEA

MANIFEST DESTINY OUR FATE TO SPREAD FROM SEA TO SHINING SEA MANIFEST DESTINY OUR FATE TO SPREAD FROM SEA TO SHINING SEA OVERVIEW TRAILS WEST TEXAS RISES UP MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR GOLD RUSH: THE 49ers MOVING WEST MOUNTAIN MEN LEAD THE WAY ESTABLISHED THE FIRST TRAILS

More information

Mexican-American War Act-It-Out

Mexican-American War Act-It-Out Florida Act-It-Out Follow the narration below to create an act-it-out about Florida. When the narrator says Action! the actors will move, act, and speak as described. When the narrator says Audience! the

More information

Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny

Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny Mountain Men and the Rendezvous Chapter 13.1 Trails West Mountain men like JedediahSmith and Jim Beckworth survived by being tough and resourceful. To obtain furs, mountain men roamed the Great Plains

More information

Technological changes create greater interaction and more economic diversity among the regions of the nation.

Technological changes create greater interaction and more economic diversity among the regions of the nation. SLIDE 1 Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West New technologies create links to new markets. Economic opportunity and manifest destiny encourage Americans to head west. The U.S. gains territory in

More information

DAY 11: INDIAN REMOVAL, REFORM AND AMERICAN EXPANSION. Monday, November 3, 14

DAY 11: INDIAN REMOVAL, REFORM AND AMERICAN EXPANSION. Monday, November 3, 14 DAY 11: INDIAN REMOVAL, REFORM AND AMERICAN EXPANSION CORNELL NOTES 4-5 LINES PER COURT CASES: MCCULOCH VS. MARYLAND MISSOURI COMPROMISE 1820 AGE OF JACKSON / INDIAN REMOVAL ACT/ TRAIL OF TEARS SECOND

More information

Section Preview. Manifest Destiny. Section1

Section Preview. Manifest Destiny. Section1 Section Preview As you read, look for: the concept of manifest destiny, the westward expansion of the United States, and vocabulary terms: manifest destiny, annex, and skirmish. Below: Revolting against

More information

United States History. Robert Taggart

United States History. Robert Taggart United States History Robert Taggart Table of Contents To the Student.............................................. v Unit 1: Birth of a Nation Lesson 1: From Colonization to Independence...................

More information

The Following Article was Originally Published in the Texas Ranger Dispatch Magazine

The Following Article was Originally Published in the Texas Ranger Dispatch Magazine Official State Historical Center of the Texas Rangers law enforcement agency. The Following Article was Originally Published in the Texas Ranger Dispatch Magazine The Texas Ranger Dispatch was published

More information

None But Texians: A History of Terry s Texas Rangers Jeffrey D. Murrah. Prelude to War ( )

None But Texians: A History of Terry s Texas Rangers Jeffrey D. Murrah. Prelude to War ( ) None But Texians: A History of Terry s Texas Rangers Jeffrey D. Murrah Prelude to War (1860-1861) "Has it so soon come to this?" Robert E. Lee The story of Terry's Texas Rangers is a story of friends,

More information

Chapter 12 Democracy in the Age of Jackson ( ) (American Nation Textbook Pages )

Chapter 12 Democracy in the Age of Jackson ( ) (American Nation Textbook Pages ) Chapter 12 Democracy in the Age of Jackson (1824-1840) (American Nation Textbook Pages 358-375) 1 1. A New Era in Politics The spirit of Democracy, which was changing the political system, affected American

More information

Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West

Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West Chapter 9 Expanding Markets and Moving West New technologies create links to new markets. Economic opportunity and manifest destiny encourage Americans to head west. The U.S. gains territory in a war with

More information

Video warm-up- Market Revolution (crash course)

Video warm-up- Market Revolution (crash course) Warm-up for 9-1 Video warm-up- Market Revolution (crash course) What inventions and technologies have made your lives more enjoyable? Have these technologies helped the economy? Market Revolution- major

More information

Washington Monument Written by Julia Hargrove

Washington Monument Written by Julia Hargrove Washington Monument Written by Julia Hargrove Illustrated by Gary Mohrman Teaching & Learning Company 1204 Buchanan St., P.O. Box 10 Carthage, IL 62321-0010 Table of Contents George Washington as a Child

More information

Texas Empresario Packet

Texas Empresario Packet Texas Empresario Packet Name 7- Texas Empresario Simulation Selecting Land and People When Stephen F. Austin took over his father s job of creating an Anglo colony in Texas, he was faced with two difficult

More information

The Following Article was Originally Published in the Texas Ranger Dispatch Magazine

The Following Article was Originally Published in the Texas Ranger Dispatch Magazine Official State Historical Center of the Texas Rangers law enforcement agency. The Following Article was Originally Published in the Texas Ranger Dispatch Magazine The Texas Ranger Dispatch was published

More information

CONTRACT ON COLONIZATION

CONTRACT ON COLONIZATION LAWS, ORDERS AND CONTRACT ON COLONIZATION 1821 TO 1829 UNDER WHICH COLONEL STEPHEN F, AUSTIN INTRODUCED AND SETTLED EMIGRANTS IN TEXAS, TRANSLATED FROM THEESPANISH. SALTILLO. 1829 LAWS, ORDERS AND CONTRACTS

More information

Expanding Markets and Moving West

Expanding Markets and Moving West Expanding Markets and Moving West New technologies create links to new markets. Economic opportunity and manifest destiny encourage Americans to head west. The U.S. gains territory in a war with Mexico.

More information

DANIEL WAIT HOWE PAPERS,

DANIEL WAIT HOWE PAPERS, Collection # M 0148 DANIEL WAIT HOWE PAPERS, 1824 1930 Collection Information Biographical Sketch Scope and Content Note Series Contents Cataloging Information Processed by Betty Alberty Paul Brockman,

More information