THE OLD TESTAMENT 60 (1) THE PENTATEUCH CREATION, COVENANT AND LAW, CAPTIVITY

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1 The Bible in 0 minutes Didcot Baptist Church THE OLD TESTAMENT () THE PENTATEUCH CREATION, COVENANT AND LAW, CAPTIVITY in EGYPT & ESCAPE Creation and Covenant Genesis - Genesis : ** In the Beginning the poetry of creation, the Spirit of God was moving Genesis, The Fall the move away from God, sin enters the world, Cain & Abel Genesis :- 5 Noah Only Noah is faithful Genesis :8 The First Covenant the rainbow (also see :-7) Genesis :- The Tower of Babel (nb :7 plural Let us see also Gen :) The Patriarchs and the move to Egypt Genesis - (000BC 00 BC approx.) Genesis :7-: 0 The call of God to follow: Abram goes from Ur to Haran to Canaan Genesis 5:5- The Second Covenant with Abram (reaffirmed in 7:-) Genesis 5: A crucial verse for understanding OT salvation Genesis :-5 Sarai can t conceive, gives Hagar to Abram and Ismael is born (v5) Genesis, 7 The birth of Isaac to Abraham and Sarah (was Sarai -see 7:5). Gen God tests Abraham. Genesis Isaac marries Rebekah. Jacob & Esau are born. Genesis :- Jacob wrestles with God and is renamed Israel; (:8 and 5:0). The Covenant to Abraham is reaffirmed to Jacob (5:) Genesis 5::- Jacob has sons eventually they form the tribes of Israel Genesis 7:-8 Joseph, one of the sons, sold into slavery in Egypt by his brothers Genesis 7 Joseph rises to power in Egypt (:-) but is falsely accused of rape and imprisoned (:7f). His interpretation of dreams wins back his place of influence. Genesis - 0 Famine in the land so Jacob sends his sons to Egypt (:-5). The sons bow before Joseph he knows them but doesn t say it. Eventually Jacob goes to Egypt too. Jacob and Joseph meet again (:8ff). The family prosper and grow in Egypt (7:7) and Jacob dies there (:) as does Joseph (50:) Captivity, Escape & Wilderness: Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy (00-00BC approx) Exodus - 50 Problems in Egypt, Too many Israelites. Oppression. Ex :8 a key verse. Kill the males (:5-) Moses is born, floated in the bulrushes, saved, taken into Pharaoh s daughter s household and his mother is called to nurse him (:-0). Moses grows up, kills an Egyptian in a fight (:) & flees Pharaoh Exodus : :0 50 God hears Israel s cries, meets Moses in a burning bush, tells him to go to Pharaoh, and gives Aaron as the one who will speak. You will be my people and I will be your God the chosen people (:7) Exodus 8-5 Judgment on Egypt the 0 plagues Exodus - 5 The first born of Egypt die, the Israelites are spared because they mark the doorposts with blood from a lamb, so the angel passes over (Passover). The Israelites escape, crossing the Red Sea (Ex ) and so begins the 0 years in the wilderness. Pillars of fire and cloud (:) Exodus -0 7 The Law is given at Sinai a new covenant (:5) Ten Commandments Leviticus Religious Instructions given to Israel Numbers - The Wandering years most of Numbers is from the nd and 0th years.

2 Deuteronomy See Aaronic blessing (Num :). Deuteronomy is preparing for entry to the Promised land but Moses is not to lead them in. He sinned (Num 0:) struck the rock twice at Meribah. Joshua will lead them (Dt :-8) () THE PROMISED LAND A People under God Joshua Judges, Ruth BC approx Joshua Judges Ruth 8 The story of the entry into Canaan (modern-day Israel), the Promised Land, which is divided into the tribes. See Joshua s last message (see :5). After Joshua came a generation who knew not God or the work he had done for Israel (:0). God is always their King but repeatedly they sinned, God raised up a judge, they repented, then sinned again when the Judge died (:-). In Judges 8:- Gideon refuses to be their King. Judges -: Samson and Delilah. Samson a judge came to rule after Israel has been under Philistines for 0 years. Last verse: In those days, there was no King in Israel and every man did what was right in his own eyes (Judges :5) Ruth s availability to God. See Genealogy of Abraham to Jesus Mt :5) () A UNITED KINGDOM, A DIVIDED KINGDOM, EXILE AND RETURN & Samuel; & Kings; & Chronicles BC? Samuel 5 Samuel is God s priest, born miraculously (Ch) to Hannah whose Song of Praise (Ch) is echoed by Mary centuries later. Samuel defeats the Philistines (Ch). Give us a King (8:) and God through Samuel warns them. They refuse to listen and God relents (Ch8). Saul is made King (Ch0). His son is Jonathan. Samuel disobeys God and God regrets making him King (ch5). David is chosen as King (the least likely son Sam :). David kills Goliath (Ch7). David & Jonathan become great friends (8:) but Saul hates David but ultimately are reconciled (Ch). Samuel 8 The consolidation of David s Kingship; his sin with Bathsheba (Ch,) Kings Kings & Chronicles 7 End of David s reign. Reign of Solomon, David s son. Known for his wisdom - Kings :-8. Dedication of the Temple Ki 5-8. Solomon took many wives and God was angry ( Ki ). So when Solomon died, the Kingdom was divided ( Ki ) Israel (0 tribes to the north); Judah ( tribes inc Jerusalem) to the south. Ch - the story of the divided Kingdom. Ch 7 Israel taken captive to Assyria. The Kings of Assyria brought people from Babylon and other places and settled them in Samaria in the place of the Israelites, the origin of the hostility towards Samaritans. ( Ki 7:). The northern Kingdom was called Israel or Samaria. Ch 8: Jerusalem (and therefore Judah) taken captive by Nebuchadnezzar Ki, 5 and temple destroyed (Ch 5) and the people taken to Babylon the Exile. Covers similar period to & Samuel and & Kings but adds more details. Many think Ezra is the author. These books may be written 00 years later 00BC maybe.

3 Ezra, Nehemiah Esther 5 Ezra was a priest in Exile but who returned to Israel around about 0-0BC. Cyrus, the Persian King, let the people go (Ez :-) and when they did, the early task was to rebuild the temple. (Ez ). Ezra decrees reforms (Ez,0.) Nehemiah returned from Babylon after Ezra maybe several decades later. He rebuilds the walls of the city (Neh -7), a wonderfully rich section of scripture. The law is then re-read in public and the covenant renewed. (Neh 7-0). In Ch -, Jerusalem is repopulated and rededicated. This book belongs before Ezra and Nehemiah. The events whereby Esther saved the lives of Jews under threat happened in Persia in the years of the exile. () POETRY, WISDOM and the PROPHETS BEFORE THE EXILE Israel (Northern Kingdom) Prophets Amos (8), Hosea (850) Judah s (Southern Kingdom) Prophets Isaiah - (0), Jeremiah :- (708), Micah (87), Nahum (88), Habakkuk (88), Zephaniah (88) DURING THE EXILE Jeremiah 0-5 (755) Isaiah 0- (77), Daniel (8), Ruth (8), Lamentations (77), Ezekiel (78) (Ch 7 can these bones live?) AFTER THE EXILE Ezra (), Nehemiah (), Haggai (8), Zechariah (8), Malachi (0). Of uncertain or varied dates Job, Joel (80), Obadiah (87), Jonah (87). Psalms (500) written over centuries but likely assembled and edited by Ezra Proverbs (55) many attributed to Solomon but not all. Likely assembled and edited after the Exile. Ecclesiastes () often attributed to Solomon but may be a later writer in the style of Solomon Song of Solomon () likely before the division of the Kingdom, attributed to Solomon (5) THE INTER-TESTAMENTAL PERIOD 00 BC TO THE BIRTH OF CHRIST Probably none of the OT books were written in this period but, although most of the Apocrypha were. The Apocrypha are a group of books which appear in catholic bibles but are not recognised as having the same value as the other books of the bible. () THE NEW TESTAMENT Matthew The Gospel with Jewish audience in mind. (e.g. see :-) AD 70-80? Mark Probably the earliest gospel maybe AD Peter a first-hand source? Luke 5 The historian see :- and Acts :, written maybe AD 70-80? John 88 Maybe written end of first century, the spiritual gospel. Rich theology. Purpose of this Gospel? - see John 0:0-. Date - maybe AD 0-00 Acts Written by Luke and covers the Ascension of Christ (:-) and the coming of the Holy Spirit Acts. Paul s conversion (Ch ) and then a huge change happens at Acts 0 & (Peter and Cornelius) which requires a

4 Romans 7 & Corinthians Galatians 8 Ephesians 8 Philippians Colossians 7 & Thessalonians 0 0 & Timothy and 0 Titus 5 Philemon Hebrews 5 James and Peter,, John Jude Revelation Council to be called in Jerusalem (Acts 5) with the result that they decide non-jews do not need to follow the Jewish laws. Now the gentile church spreads like wildfire! Written by Paul around AD 5 to a church in Rome he had never visited. Deep foundations of much of our Christian theology of the atonement. Letters to the church in Corinth, a church with many problems! A non-jewish church in modern-day Turkey, known to Paul personally but who had now been influenced by Judaizers. Gal : I am astonished.. that you are turning to a different gospel Prison letter* written AD 5- while Paul was in prison in Rome. Important teaching about Assurance (Ephesians :) and Grace (:8) Another prison letter* - a Greek church Paul loved. Phil :5- majestic! A third prison letter* A church in modern-day Turkey. Rich theology of the person and work of Christ in :-0 A church in northern Greece. Amongst Paul s earliest letters The Pastoral Epistles written by Paul to younger ministers. A fourth prison Letter* of Paul, to Philemon, Apphia and Archippus about Onesimus Probably not written by Paul. The letter lays out the supremacy of Christ over and against the faith of Judaism. Time and again Jesus is shown to be the fulfilment of the Jewish hope. Written by James, the brother of Jesus, assumed to be the leader of the Jerusalem church (e.g. Acts and 5). Focuses on the practical outworking of our faith. Letters by Peter Christ our cornerstone ( Peter :) Letters of John focus is on God who is love ( John :7ff Jude, brother of James (& therefore the brother of Jesus?) (Mk:, Mt :55) or another James? Written by John but we can t be certain of this is John the Apostle, though most assume it is. A style of writing known as Apocalyptic. Ends with the vision of the New Jerusalem, the City of God. God has given us a book full of stories, which he made for his people of old It begins with a tale of a garden and it ends with a city of gold. But the best is the story of Jesus

5 5 how he called the lost lambs to the fold and to bring the lost sheep to the shepherd the most beautiful story of all. David Kerrigan September 08 ** Numbers in column refer to pages in DBC copies of the NRSV