THE BOOK OF PSALMS AUTHOR:

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2 THE BOOK OF PSALMS AUTHOR: Seventy-five of the psalms in the book are designated as Davidic: 3 9; 11 32; 34 41; 51 65; 68 70; 86; 101; 103; ; 122; 124; 131; 133; and The New Testament tells us that the anonymous Psalms 2 and 95 were also written by David. In addition to these, twelve are by Asaph, a priest who headed the service of music; ten are by the sons of Korah, a guild of singers and composers; two are by Solomon, Israel s most powerful king; one is by Moses; one by Heman, a wise man; and one is by Ethan, another wise man. The remaining fifty psalms are anonymous, but tradition attributes them to Ezra. TIME: c b.c. KEY VERSE: Ps. 19:14 THEME: A collection of songs that literally covers hundreds of years of Jewish history from the patriarchs down through the postexilic period, the Book of Psalms is practical and personal as well as scenic and magnificently beautiful. The Psalms teach us how to pray, how to grieve, how to rejoice, and how to worship. Any Christian who makes building a relationship with God a priority in his or her life will find great spiritual nourishment in the Psalms. It is the prayer book for all who believe in the God of the universe. Jesus used it as such, and so should we. Psalm 1 BOOK I: Psalms 1 41 Blessings on the Godly 1 BLESSED a is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, b nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful. 2 But c his delight is in the law of the Lord; dand in his law doth he meditate day and night. 3 And he shall be like a tree e planted by the rivers of water, that bringeth forth his fruit in his season; his leaf also shall not wither; and whatsoever he doeth shall f prosper. 4 The ungodly are not so: but are g like the chaff which the wind driveth away. 5 Therefore the ungodly shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous. 6 For h the Lord knoweth the way of the righteous: but the way of the ungodly shall perish. 1:1 Success Psalm 1 sets the tone for the whole Book of Psalms. It contrasts the ways of life of the blessed man and the wicked man. Being blessed or successful is not a once for all time, dramatic event, but rather a lifetime of choosing to follow God and His commandments. Success happens when we move from grudging acceptance to enthusiastic delight in absorbing and then following God s laws and mandates. Nothing provides more resources. No motivational speakers will set us on a better course. No degrees will give us more of a life-changing education. At first glance this kind of lifestyle may not look like the most exciting way to live. We can go through life, plodding along this way, without anybody even noticing. It s a lifestyle that doesn t fill up trophy cases or result in monuments being created. It can, however, end with Well done, thou good and faithful servant from our Lord. The excitement is in the results of being in a position to help family and friends grow. Success comes from being in a relationship with God that means fruitfulness by His definition. 1:1 Blessed is the man. Hebrew wisdom literature and poetry is filled with descriptions of two favorite characters: the righteous man and wisdom (often personified as she ). In this context, the righteous man is a literary tool used to represent those who love and desire to please God, rather than an actual individual. 1:2 meditate. Biblical meditation is focusing the mind on Scripture or the attributes and actions of God. 1:3 shall prosper. This is not a guarantee of the future financial worth of the righteous; rather, the righteous person is always useful and productive to the Lord. 1:6 knoweth the way. The verb knoweth in this context refers not just to God s awareness, but to an intimate, personal knowledge (101:4). God is intimately involved with the way of the righteous, but has no connection with the way of the ungodly, except in judgment (146:9). 1:1 a Prov. 4:14 b Jer. 15:17 1:2 c Ps. 119:14, 16, 35 d [Josh. 1:8] 1:3 e Jer. 17:8 f Gen. 39:2, 3, 23 1:4 g Job 21:18 1:6 h Ps. 37:18

3 Psalm 2 God s Son Shall Reign 1 WHY a do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing? 2 The kings of the earth set themselves, and the b rulers take counsel together, against the Lord, and against his c anointed, saying, 3 dlet us break their bands asunder, and cast away their cords from us. 4 He that sitteth in the heavens e shall laugh: the Lord shall have them in derision. 5 Then shall he speak unto them in his wrath, and vex them in his sore displeasure. 6 Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion. 7 I will declare the decree: the Lord hath said unto me, f Thou art my Son; this day have I begotten thee. 8 Ask of me, and I shall give thee the heathen for thine inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession. 9 g Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter s vessel. 10 Be wise now therefore, O ye kings: be instructed, ye judges of the earth. 11 Serve the Lord with fear, and rejoice with trembling. 12 Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from the way, when h his wrath is kindled but a little. i Blessed are all they that put their trust in him. Psalm 3 The Lord Protects His People A Psalm of David, a when he fled from Absalom his son. 1 LORD, how are they increased that trouble me! many are they that rise up against me. Psalm 4: Many there be which say of my soul, There is no help for him in God. 3 But thou, O Lord, art b a shield for me; my glory, and c the lifter up of mine head. 4 I cried unto the Lord with my voice, and d he heard me out of his e holy hill. 5 f I laid me down and slept; I awaked; for the Lord sustained me. 6 gi will not be afraid of ten thousands of people, that have set themselves against me round about. 7 Arise, O Lord; save me, O my God: h for thou hast smitten all mine enemies upon the cheek bone; thou hast broken the teeth of the ungodly. 8 isalvation belongeth unto the Lord: thy blessing is upon thy people. Psalm 4 Safety in the Lord To the chief Musician on Neginoth, A Psalm of David. 1 HEAR me when I call, O God of my righteousness: thou hast enlarged me when I was in distress; have mercy upon me, and hear my prayer. 2 O ye sons of men, how long will ye turn my glory into shame? how long will ye love vanity, and seek after leasing? 3 But know that a the Lord hath set apart him that is godly for himself: the Lord will hear when I call unto him. 4 bstand in awe, and sin not: c commune with your own heart upon your bed, and be still. 5 Offer d the sacrifices of righteousness, and e put your trust in the Lord. 6 There be many that say, Who will shew us any good? f Lord, lift thou up the light of thy countenance upon us. 2:1 Why do the heathen rage. David, the human author of this psalm (Acts 4:24 26), was probably referring to the nations that confronted him and his legitimate heirs to the throne of Israel. But the Davidic kings were mere shadows of the coming great King, the Savior Jesus. Consequently, in a larger sense, this verse refers to any attack on Jesus and His divine kingdom. This assault occurred in its most dramatic form at the cross, but resistance to God s kingdom has continued. 2:12 Kiss the Son. All peoples are presented with a clear choice. They can either love and respect the Lord s anointed, and so experience His great blessing, or they can refuse to submit, and incur God s wrath. 3:title when he fled from Absalom. The history behind this psalm is recorded in 1 Samuel 15. 3:2 This is probably a literary or musical term, perhaps indicating a pause in the lyrics for a musical interlude. 3:7 smitten... upon the cheek bone. In the poetic imagery that David uses, his enemies are like powerful beasts whose strength is in their jaws and whose terror is in their teeth. God s strike at the source of their strength means that they are no longer a threat. 4:1 O God of my righteousness. This phrase can also be translated O my righteous God. It has two meanings: only God is righteous, and all of a person s righteousness is found in Him alone. 4:4 Stand in awe, and sin not. These words are cited by Paul in the New Testament, translated Be ye angry, and sin not (Eph. 4:26). This is a good description of what righteous indignation should look like. 2:1 a Acts 4:25, 26 2:2 b [Matt. 12:14; 26:3, 4, 59 66; 27:1, 2; Mark 3:6; 11:18]; Acts 4:25 28 c [John 1:41] 2:3 d Luke 19:14 2:4 e Ps. 37:13 2:7 f [Heb. 1:5; 5:5] 2:9 g Ps. 89:23; 110:5, 6 2:12 h [Rev. 6:16, 17] i [Ps. 5:11; 34:22] 3:title a 2 Sam. 15: :3 b Ps. 5:12; 28:7 c Ps. 9:13; 27:6 3:4 d Ps. 4:3; 34:4 e Ps. 2:6; 15:1; 43:3 3:5 f Lev. 26:6 3:6 g Ps. 23:4; 27:3 3:7 h Job 16:10 3:8 i [Is. 43:11] 4:3 a [2 Tim. 2:19] 4:4 b [Eph. 4:26] c Ps. 77:6 4:5 d Deut. 33:19 e Ps. 37:3, 5; 62:8 4:6 f Num. 6:26

4 610 Psalm 4:7 7 Thou hast put g gladness in my heart, more than in the time that their corn and their wine increased. 8 hi will both lay me down in peace, and sleep: i for thou, Lord, only makest me dwell in safety. Psalm 5 God Abhors Wickedness To the chief Musician upon Nehiloth, A Psalm of David. 1 GIVE a ear to my words, O Lord, consider my meditation. 2 Hearken unto the voice of my cry, my King, and my God: for unto thee will I pray. 3 My voice shalt thou hear in the morning, O Lord; b in the morning will I direct my prayer unto thee, and will look up. 4 For thou art not a God that hath pleasure in wickedness: neither shall evil dwell with thee. 5 The c foolish shall not d stand in thy sight: thou hatest all workers of iniquity. 6 Thou shalt destroy them that speak leasing: the Lord will abhor the e bloody and deceitful man. 7 But as for me, I will come into thy house in the multitude of thy mercy: and in thy fear will I worship toward thy holy temple. 8 f Lead me, O Lord, in thy righteousness because of mine enemies; make thy way straight before my face. 9 For there is no faithfulness in their mouth; their inward part is very wickedness; g their throat is an open sepulchre; they flatter with their tongue. 10 Destroy thou them, O God; let them fall by their own counsels; cast them out in the multitude of their transgressions; for they have rebelled against thee. 11 But let all those that put their trust in thee rejoice: let them ever shout for joy, because thou defendest them: let them also that love thy name be joyful in thee. 12 For thou, Lord, wilt bless the righteous; with favour wilt thou compass him as with a shield. Psalm 6 A Plea for Mercy To the chief Musician on Neginoth aupon Sheminith, A Psalm of David. 1 O LORD, b rebuke me not in thine anger, neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure. 2 Have mercy upon me, O Lord; for I am weak: O Lord, c heal me; for my bones are vexed. 3 My soul is also sore d vexed: but thou, O Lord, how long? 4 Return, O Lord, deliver my soul: oh save me for thy mercies sake. 5 efor in death there is no remembrance of thee: in the grave who shall give thee thanks? 6 I am weary with my groaning; all the night make I my bed to swim; I water my couch with my tears. 7 f Mine eye is consumed because of grief; it waxeth old because of all mine enemies. 8 gdepart from me, all ye workers of iniquity; for the Lord hath h heard the voice of my weeping. 9 The Lord hath heard my supplication; the Lord will receive my prayer. 10 Let all mine enemies be ashamed and sore vexed: let them return and be ashamed suddenly. Psalm 7 A Plea for Protection from Enemies ashiggaion of David, which he sang unto the Lord, b concerning the words of Cush the Benjamite. 1 O LORD my God, in thee do I put my trust: c save me from all them that persecute me, and deliver me: 4:7 their corn and their wine. The joy God gives transcends the joy of the harvest. Agricultural produce, the result of abundant rain on fertile soil, was a blessing of God on His people. But there is something greater than full barns and overflowing cisterns the joy of God s presence. 5:7 thy holy temple. David was a leader in reforming the worship of God in Jerusalem, and he established a structure for the worship that would take place in the temple to be built by Solomon. David uses the word temple in anticipation of the future glorious building; all later generations of Hebrew worshipers would understand their own worship better because of the use of this word in these psalms. 5:9 their throat is an open sepulchre. Paul echoed the words of these verses in describing the depravity of all people (Rom. 3:13). 6:4 for thy mercies sake. Perhaps the most significant single term in the Hebrew text regarding the character of God is the word rendered mercies here. The Hebrew word describes what some prefer to call the loyal love or lovingkindness of God. 6:6 7 grief. The sighing and tears of this psalm are to be understood as responses to the psalmist s physical afflictions experienced at the hands of his enemies, and also to reflect the seriousness with which he felt the weight and burden of his own sinfulness. All affliction is not directly related to sin; however, it is an occasion when a spiritual accounting with God should be taken and in which the believer should be inclined to strengthen himself in God. 7:1 in thee do I put my trust. The dominant message 4:7 g Is. 9:3 4:8 h Ps. 3:5 i [Lev. 25:18] 5:1 a Ps. 4:1 5:3 b Ps. 55:17; 88:13 5:5 c [Hab. 1:13] d Ps. 1:5 5:6 e Ps. 55:23 5:8 f Ps. 25:4, 5; 27:11; 31:3 5:9 g Rom. 3:13 6:title a Ps. 12:title 6:1 b Ps. 38:1; 118:18 6:2 c [Hos. 6:1] 6:3 d Ps. 88:3 6:5 e [Eccl. 9:10] 6:7 f Job 17:7 6:8 g [Matt. 25:41] h Ps. 3:4; 28:6 7:title a Hab. 3:1 b 2 Sam. 16 7:1 c Ps. 31:15

5 2 dlest he tear my soul like a lion, e rending it in pieces, while there is none to deliver. 3 O Lord my God, f if I have done this; if there be g iniquity in my hands; 4 If I have rewarded evil unto him that was at peace with me; (yea, h I have delivered him that without cause is mine enemy:) 5 Let the enemy persecute my soul, and take it; yea, let him tread down my life upon the earth, and lay mine honour in the dust. 6 Arise, O Lord, in thine anger, i lift up thyself because of the rage of mine enemies: and j awake for me to the judgment that thou hast commanded. 7 So shall the congregation of the people compass thee about: for their sakes therefore return thou on high. 8 The Lord shall judge the people: k judge me, O Lord, l according to my righteousness, and according to mine integrity that is in me. 9 Oh let the wickedness of the wicked come to an end; but establish the just: m for the righteous God trieth the hearts and reins. 10 My defence is of God, which saveth the nupright in heart. 11 God judgeth the righteous, and God is angry with the wicked every day. 12 If he turn not, he will o whet his sword; he hath bent his bow, and made it ready. 13 He hath also prepared for him the instruments of death; he ordaineth his arrows against the persecutors. 14 p Behold, he travaileth with iniquity, and hath conceived mischief, and brought forth falsehood. 15 He made a pit, and digged it, q and is fallen into the ditch which he made. 16 r His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent dealing shall come down upon his own pate. 17 I will praise the Lord according to his righteousness: and will sing praise to the name of the Lord most high. Psalm 8 Psalm 9:2 611 God s Excellent Name To the chief Musician upon Gittith, A Psalm of David. 1 O LORD, our Lord, how a excellent is thy name in all the earth! who b hast set thy glory above the heavens. 2 cout of the mouth of babes and sucklings hast thou ordained strength because of thine enemies, that thou mightest still d the enemy and the avenger. 3 When I e consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained; 4 f What is man, that thou art mindful of him? and the son of man, that thou g visitest him? 5 For thou hast made him a little lower than the angels, and hast crowned him with glory and honour. 6 h Thou madest him to have dominion over the works of thy hands; i thou hast put all things under his feet: 7 All sheep and oxen, yea, and the beasts of the field; 8 The fowl of the air, and the fish of the sea, and whatsoever passeth through the paths of the seas. 9 jo Lord our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth! Psalm 9 Praise for God s Judgment To the chief Musician, upon Muthlabben, A Psalm of David. 1 I WILL praise thee, O Lord, with my whole heart; I will shew forth all thy marvellous works. 2 I will be glad and a rejoice in thee: I in the Book of Psalms is twofold: (1) God is good, and (2) life is difficult. The life of faith is lived between these two realities. 7:12 If he turn not. God abhors sin, but He is also merciful, giving people the opportunity to repent before they are punished for their wickedness. 7:14 he... conceived mischief. These words are echoed in the apostle James description of the progress of sin (James 1:14 15). 8:5 a little lower than the angels. Mankind stands at the summit of God s creation. The Septuagint, an ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament, translates the Hebrew word meaning God (elohim) as angels. The author of Hebrews bases his argument in 2:5 9 on this translation, and both readings are true. God made man (human beings) in His own image, just a little lower than angels. God created human beings as majestic creatures who were to rule over His creation. In our fallen state, we are profoundly disfigured, a perversion of the majesty God intended. However, Jesus restores those who put their trust in Him. In Christ, we recover majesty; in Him, we become the people that God wants us to be. Whenever we feel worthless, the words of this psalm should encourage us. We and all other human beings are valuable because God Himself created us in His own glorious image. 8:9 O Lord our Lord. The first word is the divine name Yahweh. The second Hebrew word translated our Lord speaks of the One in control: our Sovereign. 9:1 with my whole heart. Real praise is not halfhearted; it involves one s whole being (146:2). The words of these two verses are characteristic of the 7:2 d Is. 38:13 e Ps. 50:22 7:3 f 2 Sam. 16:7 g 1 Sam. 24:11 7:4 h 1 Sam. 24:7; 26:9 7:6 i Ps. 94:2 j Ps. 35:23; 44:23 7:8 k Ps. 26:1; 35:24; 43:1 l Ps. 18:20; 35:24 7:9 m [1 Sam. 16:7] 7:10 n Ps. 97:10, 11; 125:4 7:12 o Deut. 32:41 7:14 p Is. 59:4 7:15 q [Job 4:8] 7:16 r Esth. 9:25 8:1 a Ps. 148:13 b Ps. 113:4 8:2 c [1 Cor. 1:27] d Ps. 44:16 8:3 e Ps. 111:2 8:4 f Job 7:17, 18 g [Job 10:12] 8:6 h [Gen. 1:26, 28] i [Heb. 2:8] 8:9 j Ps. 8:1 9:2 a Ps. 5:11; 104:34

6 612 Psalm 9:3 will sing praise to thy name, O b thou most High. 3 When mine enemies are turned back, they shall fall and perish at thy presence. 4 For thou hast maintained my right and my cause; thou satest in the throne judging right. 5 Thou hast rebuked the heathen, thou hast destroyed the wicked, thou hast c put out their name for ever and ever. 6 O thou enemy, destructions are come to a perpetual end: and thou hast destroyed cities; their memorial is d perished with them. 7 ebut the Lord shall endure for ever: he hath prepared his throne for judgment. 8 And f he shall judge the world in righteousness, he shall minister judgment to the people in uprightness. 9 The Lord also will be a g refuge for the oppressed, a refuge in times of trouble. 10 And they that h know thy name will put their trust in thee: for thou, Lord, hast not forsaken them that seek thee. 11 Sing praises to the Lord, which dwelleth in Zion: i declare among the people his doings. 12 j When he maketh inquisition for blood, he remembereth them: he forgetteth not the cry of the humble. Rejoice in God s Salvation 13 Have mercy upon me, O Lord; consider my trouble which I suffer of them that hate me, thou that liftest me up from the gates of death: 14 That I may shew forth all thy praise in the gates of the daughter of Zion: I will krejoice in thy salvation. 15 l The heathen are sunk down in the pit that they made: in the net which they hid is their own foot taken. 16 The Lord is m known by the judgment which he executeth: the wicked is snared in the work of his own hands. n Higgaion. 17 The wicked shall be turned into hell, and all the nations o that forget God. 18 p For the needy shall not alway be forgotten: q the expectation of the poor shall not perish for ever. 19 Arise, O Lord; let not man prevail: let the heathen be judged in thy sight. 20 Put them in fear, O Lord: that the nations may know themselves to be but men. Psalm 10 Oppression of the Poor 1 WHY standest thou afar off, O Lord? why hidest thou thyself in times of trouble? 2 The wicked in his pride doth persecute the poor: a let them be taken in the devices that they have imagined. 3 For the wicked b boasteth of his heart s desire, and c blesseth the covetous, whom the Lord abhorreth. 4 The wicked, through the pride of his countenance, will not seek after God: God is not in all his d thoughts. 5 His ways are always grievous; thy judgments are far above out of his sight: as for all his enemies, he puffeth at them. 6 ehe hath said in his heart, I shall not be moved: for f I shall never be in adversity. 7 ghis mouth is full of cursing and h deceit and fraud: under his tongue is mischief and vanity. 8 He sitteth in the lurking places of the villages: in the secret places doth he murder the innocent: his eyes are privily set against the poor. 9 He lieth in wait secretly as a lion in his den: he lieth in wait to catch the poor: he doth catch the poor, when he draweth him into his net. 10 He croucheth, and humbleth himself, that the poor may fall by his strong ones. 11 He hath said in his heart, God hath forgotten: he hideth his face; he will never see it. A Plea for Punishment of the Wicked 12 Arise, O Lord; O God, i lift up thine hand: forget not the j humble. 13 Wherefore doth the wicked contemn God? he hath said in his heart, Thou wilt not require it. 14 Thou hast k seen it; for thou beholdest mischief and spite, to requite it with thy praise of God in the Psalms. He is to be praised for His works and His name. His name represents who He is; His works represent what He does. 9:10 they that know thy name. Those in Old Testament times who knew the name of the Lord were those who looked forward with saving faith to God s promised redemption, just as we look back with saving faith to the redemption accomplished. 9:14 the daughter of Zion. This endearing term for Jerusalem indicated the close relationship and nurturing care God had for His people. 10:1 Why. Psalm 10 is found as the second half of Psalm 9 in the Septuagint, the ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Scripture. 10:3 the covetous. The verb to boast, as translated here, is most commonly rendered praise. The wicked offer praise, but not to the Lord. Rather, their hearts offer praise and worship to their own covetous desires. Their desires know no divinely set limits, since the wicked do not seek Him, but live with the conscious thought that there is no God (v. 4). 10:11 God hath forgotten. The wicked behave the way they do because they doubt that the Lord knows, cares, or will act. They want to believe that there will 9:2 b [Ps. 83:18; 92:1] 9:5 c Prov. 10:7 9:6 d [Ps. 34:16] 9:7 e Heb. 1:11 9:8 f [Ps. 96:13; 98:9] 9:9 g Ps. 32:7; 46:1; 91:2 9:10 h Ps. 91:14 9:11 i Ps. 66:16; 107:22 9:12 j [Ps. 72:14] 9:14 k Ps. 13:5; 20:5; 35:9 9:15 l Ps. 7:15, 16 9:16 m Ex. 7:5 n Ps. 92:3 9:17 o Job 8:13 9:18 p Ps. 9:12; 12:5 q Prov. 23:18 10:2 a Ps. 7:16; 9:16 10:3 b Ps. 49:6; 94:3, 4 c Prov. 28:4 10:4 d Ps. 14:1; 36:1 10:6 e [Eccl. 8:11] f Rev. 18:7 10:7 g [Rom. 3:14] h Ps. 55:10, 11 10:12 i Mic. 5:9 j Ps. 9:12 10:14 k [Ps. 11:4]

7 Psalm 13:6 613 hand: the poor l committeth himself unto thee; m thou art the helper of the fatherless. 15 Break thou the arm of the wicked and the evil man: seek out his wickedness till thou find none. 16 n The Lord is King for ever and ever: the heathen are perished out of his land. 17 Lord, thou hast heard the desire of the humble: thou wilt prepare their heart, thou wilt cause thine ear to hear: 18 To judge the fatherless and the oppressed, that the man of the earth may no more oppress. Psalm 11 The Lord Loves Righteousness To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. 1 IN a the Lord put I my trust: how say ye to my soul, Flee as a bird to your mountain? 2 For, lo, b the wicked bend their bow, they make ready their arrow upon the string, that they may privily shoot at the upright in heart. 3 cif the foundations be destroyed, what can the righteous do? 4 The Lord is in his holy temple, the Lord s d throne is in heaven: e his eyes behold, his eyelids try, the children of men. 5 The Lord f trieth the righteous: but the wicked and him that loveth violence his soul hateth. 6 Upon the wicked he shall rain snares, fire and brimstone, and an horrible tempest: g this shall be the portion of their cup. 7 For the righteous Lord h loveth righteousness; his countenance doth behold the upright. Psalm 12 God Shall Preserve the Godly To the chief Musician a upon Sheminith, A Psalm of David. 1 HELP, Lord; for the godly man b ceaseth; for the faithful fail from among the children of men. 2 c They speak vanity every one with his neighbour: with flattering lips and with a double heart do they speak. 3 The Lord shall cut off all flattering lips, and the tongue that speaketh proud things: 4 Who have said, With our tongue will we prevail; our lips are our own: who is lord over us? 5 For the oppression of the poor, for the sighing of the needy, now will I arise, saith the Lord; I will set him in safety from him that puffeth at him. 6 The words of the Lord are d pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times. 7 Thou shalt keep them, O Lord, thou shalt preserve them from this generation for ever. 8 The wicked walk on every side, when the vilest men are exalted. Psalm 13 A Prayer for God s Grace To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. 1 HOW long wilt thou forget me, O Lord? for ever? a how long wilt thou hide thy face from me? 2 How long shall I take counsel in my soul, having sorrow in my heart daily? how long shall mine enemy be exalted over me? 3 Consider and hear me, O Lord my God: blighten mine eyes, c lest I sleep the sleep of death; 4 Lest mine enemy say, I have prevailed against him; and those that trouble me rejoice when I am moved. 5 But I have trusted in thy mercy; my heart shall rejoice in thy salvation. 6 I will sing unto the Lord, because he hath dealt bountifully with me. be no final judgment, so they feel free to do as they please. But the truth is that God will establish justice. 11:1 In the Lord put I my trust. In contrast to the surrounding psalms of lament (9; 10; 12), this psalm expresses great trust in the Almighty Lord. 11:3 If the foundations be destroyed. The wicked may taunt, but in fact the foundations are not destroyed and will never be. 11:5 The Lord trieth. Undergoing trials and suffering is not necessarily a mark of sin or of God s disfavor. Such tests will show the true allegiance of our hearts. 12:2 vanity. The very foundation of a nation is undermined when falsehood prevails. Every aspect of life home, business, social life is based on truth. Falsehood breeds suspicion and distrust, which will destroy the very fabric of society and civilization. 12:6 pure words. In contrast to the idle words of the wicked, the words of God are altogether trustworthy. The eternal and steadfast nature of the Lord Himself stands behind His words. He will establish justice just as He has promised to David (v. 5). 13:1 How long... O Lord? The Lord allows David to pour out his anxiety before Him. But by the end of David s prayer, the Lord has granted him a correct perspective on his situation. David s only option is to trust in the sovereign mercy of his loving God. 13:5 thy mercy. This word refers to God s loyal love or lovingkindness, His faithfulness to His commitment to take care of His people. 10:14 l [2 Tim. 1:12] m Ps. 68:5 10:16 n Ps. 29:10 11:1 a Ps. 56:11 11:2 b Ps. 64:3, 4 11:3 c Ps. 82:5; 87:1; 119:152 11:4 d [Is. 66:1] e [Ps. 33:18; 34:15, 16] 11:5 f Gen. 22:1 11:6 g Ps. 75:8 11:7 h Ps. 33:5; 45:7 12:title a Ps. 6:title 12:1 b [Is. 57:1] 12:2 c Ps. 10:7; 41:6 12:6 d 2 Sam. 22:31; Ps. 18:30; 119:140 13:1 a Job 13:24 13:3 b Ezra 9:8 c Jer. 51:39

8 614 Psalm 14:1 Psalm 14 Man Is Corrupt To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. 1 THE a fool hath said in his heart, There is no God. They are corrupt, they have done abominable works, there is none that doeth good. 2 b The Lord looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there were any that did understand, and seek God. 3 c They are all gone aside, they are all together become filthy: there is none that doeth good, no, not one. 4 Have all the workers of iniquity no knowledge? who eat up my people as they eat bread, and d call not upon the Lord. 5 There were they in great fear: for God is in the generation of the righteous. 6 Ye have shamed the counsel of the poor, because the Lord is his e refuge. 7 foh that the salvation of Israel were come out of Zion! g when the Lord bringeth back the captivity of his people, Jacob shall rejoice, and Israel shall be glad. Psalm 15 Abiding in God s Tabernacle A Psalm of David. 1 LORD, a who shall abide in thy tabernacle? who shall dwell in thy holy hill? 2 He that walketh uprightly, and worketh righteousness, and speaketh the b truth in his heart. 3 He that c backbiteth not with his tongue, nor doeth evil to his neighbour, d nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbour. 4 ein whose eyes a vile person is contemned; but he honoureth them that fear the Lord. He that f sweareth to his own hurt, and changeth not. 5 He that putteth not out his money to usury, nor taketh reward against the innocent. He that doeth these things g shall never be moved. Psalm 16 God Preserves His People amichtam of David. 1 PRESERVE me, O God: for in thee do I put my trust. 2 O my soul, thou hast said unto the Lord, Thou art my Lord: b my goodness extendeth not to thee; 3 But to the saints that are in the earth, and to the excellent, in c whom is all my delight. 4 Their sorrows shall be multiplied that hasten after another god: their drink offerings of d blood will I not offer, e nor take up their names into my lips. 5 The Lord is the portion of mine inheritance and of my cup: thou maintainest my lot. 6 The lines are fallen unto me in pleasant places; yea, I have a goodly heritage. 7 I will bless the Lord, who hath given me counsel: my reins also instruct me in the night seasons. 8 f I have set the Lord always before me: because he is at my right hand, I shall not be moved. 9 Therefore my heart is glad, and my glory rejoiceth: my flesh also shall rest in hope. 10 g For thou wilt not leave my soul in hell; neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see corruption. 14:1 fool. This word does not refer to mental inability, but to moral and spiritual insensitivity. A fool is one who lives a life of practical atheism, the view that even if there is a God, it really does not matter to one s life. 14:4 no knowledge. The wicked lack knowledge of God s truth. Although people may be brilliant in their chosen fields, they can still be morally insensitive and spiritually closed to the issues that have eternal consequences. 15:1 who shall abide in thy tabernacle. No one except Jesus the Messiah is righteous enough to approach God. But there have always been those who stand before God as forgiven sinners, whose righteousness comes as a gift from God. We may come boldly into God s presence because our sins have been covered by Christ s blood. 15:2 He that walketh uprightly, and worketh righteousness. The Lord commands us to be holy (1 Pet. 1:15 16), and He also gives us the power to become holy (2 Thess. 2:16 17). 16:5 mine inheritance. This phrase refers to the Promised Land. God had given this inheritance to His people (Deut. 6:1 3). However, there was a greater inheritance for the Levites, who did not receive a share in the land (Num. 26:62); their share of the inheritance was in the Lord. David had an ancestral inheritance in the land. As king, he also had extensive royal holdings. But he realized that no inheritance was greater than his relationship with Almighty God. 16:10 hell. This is the Hebrew word Sheol, that is the grave, or the realm of the dead. Not much is known of the ancient Hebrew s concept of life after death. The grave or Sheol seems to be a dreaded place, shrouded in mystery. 14:1 a Ps. 10:4; 53:1 14:2 b Ps. 33:13, 14; 102:19 14:3 c Rom. 3:12 14:4 d Is. 64:7 14:6 e Ps. 9:9; 40:17; 46:1; 142:5 14:7 f Ps. 53:6 g Job 42:10 15:1 a Ps. 24:3 5 15:2 b [Eph. 4:25] 15:3 c [Lev. 19:16 18] d Ex. 23:1 15:4 e Esth. 3:2 f Lev. 5:4 15:5 g 2 Pet. 1:10 16:title a Ps :2 b Job 35:7 16:3 c Ps. 119:63 16:4 d Ps. 106:37, 38 e [Ex. 23:13] 16:8 f [Acts 2:25 28] 16:10 g Ps. 49:15; 86:13

9 Psalm 18: Thou wilt shew me the h path of life: in thy presence is fulness of joy; at thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore. Psalm 17 A Plea for God s Protection A Prayer of David. 1 HEAR the right, O Lord, attend unto my cry, give ear unto my prayer, that goeth not out of feigned lips. 2 Let my sentence come forth from thy presence; let thine eyes behold the things that are equal. 3 Thou hast proved mine heart; thou hast visited me in the night; a thou hast tried me, and shalt find nothing; I am purposed that my mouth shall not b transgress. 4 Concerning the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept me from the paths of the destroyer. 5 chold up my goings in thy paths, that my footsteps slip not. 6 di have called upon thee, for thou wilt hear me, O God: incline thine ear unto me, and hear my speech. 7 Shew thy marvellous lovingkindness, O thou that savest by thy right hand them which put their trust in thee from those that rise up against them. 8 Keep me as the apple of the eye, hide me under the shadow of thy wings, 9 From the wicked that oppress me, from my deadly enemies, who compass me about. 10 They are inclosed in their own e fat: with their mouth they f speak proudly. 11 They have now compassed us in our steps: they have set their eyes bowing down to the earth; 12 Like as a lion that is greedy of his prey, and as it were a young lion lurking in secret places. Cast Down the Wicked 13 Arise, O Lord, disappoint him, cast him down: deliver my soul from the wicked, which is thy sword: 14 From men which are thy hand, O Lord, from men of the world, which have their portion in this life, and whose belly thou fillest with thy hid treasure: they are full of children, and leave the rest of their substance to their babes. 15 As for me, g I will behold thy face in righteousness: h I shall be satisfied, when I iawake, with thy likeness. Psalm 18 A Call for God s Deliverance To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David, a the servant of the Lord, who spake unto the Lord the words of b this song in the day that the Lord delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul: And he said, 1 I c WILL love thee, O Lord, my strength. 2 The Lord is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, d in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower. 17:3 proved mine heart. David knew that God had done what he was requesting even before he asked. That is, God knew David s needs and what was in his heart. David s prayer helped him to focus on the source of his strength and to reaffirm his determination to live a pure life. 17:4 God s Word Corrects There are many symbols for God s word that can be found in the Bible itself. It can be thought of as a mirror (James 1:23 25), a seed (1 Pet. 1:23), a lamp (Ps. 119:105), a sword (Eph. 6:17), and even food (Heb. 5:12 14). But the Bible also serves as a measuring rod that can be used as a standard against which to measure our beliefs. God Himself sometimes uses His word to correct us as He did with David. Thou hast dealt well with thy servant, O Lord, according unto thy word.... Before I was afflicted I went astray: but now I have kept thy word (Ps. 119:65,67). There are times when God s word can correct believers when they are in honest and unintentional error. Aquila and Priscilla, a godly Christian couple, used the Scriptures to help a young preacher named Apollos (Acts 18:24 28). Paul does the same thing for some former disciples of John the Baptist that he met in the city of Ephesus (Acts 19:1 7). 17:14 which have their portion in this life. The wicked live their lives with only the pursuit of the pleasures of this world in mind. The righteous should not try to obtain what this life can offer, but instead pursue God and His ways. 17:15 I will behold thy face. In the Old Testament there is no well-developed theology of heaven, yet there are times when the faith of the writer rises to utter statements of hope of resurrection and of life eternal with God. It would appear that such a view was always a part of godly faith, even though dim in comparison with the later revelation through Christ. Both Psalms 16 and 17 are testimonies to a growing faith that entrance into God s presence would be the fruit of a relationship with God in this life. The afflictions on earth cause faith to look forward to a time after this life when one will behold God s face in righteousness, and faith in God will be vindicated by seeing God. 18:1 I will love thee, O Lord. Twice in the Psalms the poet declares a love for God (116:1). Here an unusual word for love is used, referring to compassion as deep as a mother s love. The text for this psalm is also found in 2 Samuel :2 The Lord is my rock. This is a particularly apt 16:11 h [Matt. 7:14] 17:3 a Job 23:10 b Ps. 39:1 17:5 c Ps. 44:18; 119:133 17:6 d Ps. 86:7; 116:2 17:10 e Ezek. 16:49 f [1 Sam. 2:3] 17:15 g [1 John 3:2] h Ps. 4:6, 7; 16:11 i [Is. 26:19] 18:title a Ps. 36:title b 2 Sam :1 c Ps. 144:1 18:2 d Heb. 2:13

10 616 Psalm 18:3 3 I will call upon the Lord, e who is worthy to be praised: so shall I be saved from mine enemies. 4 f The sorrows of death compassed me, and the floods of ungodly men made me afraid. 5 The sorrows of hell compassed me about: the snares of death prevented me. God s Answer 6 In my distress I called upon the Lord, and cried unto my God: he heard my voice out of his temple, and my cry came before him, even into his ears. 7 g Then the earth shook and trembled; the foundations also of the hills moved and were shaken, because he was wroth. 8 There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devoured: coals were kindled by it. 9 hhe bowed the heavens also, and came down: and darkness was under his feet. 10 i And he rode upon a cherub, and did fly: yea, j he did fly upon the wings of the wind. 11 He made darkness his secret place; k his pavilion round about him were dark waters and thick clouds of the skies. 12 l At the brightness that was before him his thick clouds passed, hail stones and coals of fire. 13 The Lord also thundered in the heavens, and the Highest gave m his voice; hail stones and coals of fire. 14 n Yea, he sent out his arrows, and scattered them; and he shot out lightnings, and discomfited them. 15 Then the channels of waters were seen, and the foundations of the world were discovered at thy rebuke, O Lord, at the blast of the breath of thy nostrils. 16 o He sent from above, he took me, he drew me out of many waters. 17 He delivered me from my strong enemy, and from them which hated me: for they were too strong for me. 18 They prevented me in the day of my calamity: but the Lord was my stay. 19 p He brought me forth also into a large place; he delivered me, because he delighted in me. God s Reward 20 q The Lord rewarded me according to my righteousness; according to the cleanness of my hands hath he recompensed me. 21 For I have kept the ways of the Lord, and have not wickedly departed from my God. 22 For all his judgments were before me, and I did not put away his statutes from me. 23 I was also upright before him, and I kept myself from mine iniquity. 24 r Therefore hath the Lord recompensed me according to my righteousness, according to the cleanness of my hands in his eyesight. 25 s With the merciful thou wilt shew thyself merciful; with an upright man thou wilt shew thyself upright; 26 With the pure thou wilt shew thyself pure; and t with the froward thou wilt shew thyself froward. 27 For thou wilt save the afflicted people; but wilt bring down u high looks. 28 v For thou wilt light my candle: the Lord my God will enlighten my darkness. 29 For by thee I have run through a troop; and by my God have I leaped over a wall. God s Way Is Perfect 30 As for God, w his way is perfect: x the word of the Lord is tried: he is a buckler y to all those that trust in him. 31 z For who is God save the Lord? or who is a rock save our God? 32 It is God that a girdeth me with strength, and maketh my way perfect. 33 b He maketh my feet like hinds feet, and csetteth me upon my high places. 34 d He teacheth my hands to war, so that a bow of steel is broken by mine arms. 35 Thou hast also given me the shield of thy salvation: and thy right hand hath holden me up, and thy gentleness hath made me great. 36 Thou hast enlarged my steps under me, e that my feet did not slip. 37 I have pursued mine enemies, and overtaken them: neither did I turn again till they were consumed. image for David, who many times had to hide in the mountains for security (1 Sam. 26:1,20). 18:5 6 distress. As the title of Psalm 18 indicates, this poem of praise was composed in the midst of very trying times (2 Sam. 22:1). Once again, David had become the object of Saul s uncontrollable rage; in his bouts of paranoia, Saul mistakenly suspected that David was laying the foundation of a revolt against his own royal position. How foolish David would have been had he said, In my distress I took the matter into my own hands. Rather he said, In my distress I called upon the Lord. We have no other option when caught in our distressing situations. Otherwise we compound the suffering. 18:11 12 darkness... brightness. The references to darkness speak of the hiddenness of God. He cannot be completely understood by those whom He has created. The references to brightness speak of God s holiness. 18:35 the shield of thy salvation. The use of battle armor as an image of God s provision for the righteous is found in both the Old and New Testaments (Eph. 6:10 20). 18:3 e Rev. 5:12 18:4 f Ps. 116:3 18:7 g Acts 4:31 18:9 h Ps. 144:5 18:10 i Ps. 80:1; 99:1 j [Ps. 104:3] 18:11 k Ps. 97:2 18:12 l Ps. 97:3; 140:10 18:13 m [Ps. 29:3 9; 104:7] 18:14 n Ps. 144:6 18:16 o Ps. 144:7 18:19 p Ps. 4:1; 31:8; 118:5 18:20 q 1 Sam. 24:19 18:24 r 1 Sam. 26:23 18:25 s [1 Kin. 8:32] 18:26 t [Lev. 26:23 28] 18:27 u [Ps. 101:5] 18:28 v Job 18:6 18:30 w Rev. 15:3 x Ps. 12:6; 119:140 y [Ps. 17:7] 18:31 z [1 Sam. 2:2] 18:32 a [Ps. 91:2] 18:33 b Hab. 3:19 c Deut. 32:13; 33:29 18:34 d Ps. 144:1 18:36 e Prov. 4:12

11 38 I have wounded them that they were not able to rise: they are fallen under my feet. 39 For thou hast girded me with strength unto the battle: thou hast subdued under me those that rose up against me. The Destruction of Enemies 40 Thou hast also given me the necks of mine enemies; that I might destroy them that hate me. 41 They cried, but there was none to save them: f even unto the Lord, but he answered them not. 42 Then did I beat them small as the dust before the wind: I did g cast them out as the dirt in the streets. 43 Thou hast delivered me from the strivings of the people; and h thou hast made me the head of the heathen: i a people whom I have not known shall serve me. 44 As soon as they hear of me, they shall obey me: the strangers shall submit themselves unto me. 45 j The strangers shall fade away, and be afraid out of their close places. God s Deliverance 46 The Lord liveth; and blessed be my rock; and let the God of my salvation be exalted. 47 It is God that avengeth me, k and subdueth the people under me. 48 He delivereth me from mine enemies: yea, l thou liftest me up above those that rise up against me: thou hast delivered me from the violent man. 49 m Therefore will I give thanks unto thee, O Lord, among the heathen, and sing praises unto thy name. 50 n Great deliverance giveth he to his king; and sheweth mercy to his anointed, to David, and to his seed for evermore. Psalm 19 Psalm 19: The Heavens Declare God s Glory To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. 1 THE a heavens declare the glory of God; and the b firmament sheweth his handywork. 2 Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night sheweth knowledge. 3 There is no speech nor language, where their voice is not heard. 4 c Their line is gone out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world. In them hath he set a tabernacle for the sun, 5 Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, d and rejoiceth as a strong man to run a race. 6 His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it: and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof. God s Law Is Perfect 7 e The law of the Lord is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the Lord is sure, making f wise the simple. 8 The statutes of the Lord are right, rejoicing the heart: the commandment of the Lord is pure, enlightening the eyes. 9 The fear of the Lord is clean, enduring for ever: the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether. 10 More to be desired are they than g gold, yea, than much fine gold: sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb. 11 Moreover by them is thy servant warned: and in keeping of them there is great reward. 18:41 They cried... unto the Lord. Apparently, in the extremes of battle, the enemies of David found no help from their gods, so they screamed aloud to David s God for deliverance. But God would not answer them. There is only one prayer from the wicked to which He gladly listens the prayer of repentance. 18:43 head of the heathen. David gained his empire by the work of the Lord on his behalf. But David s empire was only a picture of the kingdom of God that will one day be governed by David s greater Son, the Lord Jesus. 18:49 among the heathen. By proclaiming the victories of God to the nations, David was calling for the nations to respond in faith. How fitting that Paul would cite this verse (or its parallel in 2 Sam. 22:50) in Romans 15:9 as an indicator of God s ongoing intention to bring His salvation to all people. 19:1 The heavens declare. All of creation reveals God s glory and majesty (Rom. 1:18 20). 19:4 a tabernacle for the sun. In the ancient Middle East, the sun was often thought of as a god. In this poem, the sun is but the stunning workmanship of the Creator, glorifying the God who made it. 19:7 8 The law of the Lord. The world reveals God s glory, and the Word reveals His saving grace. God s law (or teaching) is described as perfect, which is best understood here as complete. This law needs no alteration in part or in whole. It has power to bring deep and radical change in the inner life or soul. It is God s great instrument in conversion (James 1:18; 1 Pet. 1:23). The Word of God is spoken of as God s testimony because it is His own instruction concerning His person and purpose. In Scripture, God testifies concerning Himself, His Son, and sinners. God s Word is sure (2 Pet. 1:19), and may be trusted because He is faithful (1 Tim. 1:15). To those wise in their own eyes, the truth of God is hidden (Matt. 11:25), but to the simple the Scriptures give wisdom that leads to salvation (2 Tim. 3:15). 18:41 f Job 27:9 18:42 g Zech. 10:5 18:43 h 2 Sam. 8 i Is. 52:15 18:45 j Mic. 7:17 18:47 k Ps. 47:3 18:48 l Ps. 27:6; 59:1 18:49 m Rom. 15:9 18:50 n Ps. 21:1; 144:10 19:1 a Is. 40:22 b Gen. 1:6, 7 19:4 c Rom. 10:18 19:5 d Eccl. 1:5 19:7 e Ps. 111:7 f Ps. 119:130 19:10 g Ps. 119:72, 127

12 618 Psalm 19:12 12 Who can understand his errors? h cleanse thou me from secret faults. 13 Keep back thy servant also from i presumptuous sins; let them not have j dominion over me: then shall I be upright, and I shall be innocent from the great transgression. 14 k Let the words of my mouth, and the meditation of my heart, be acceptable in thy sight, O Lord, my strength, and my l redeemer. Psalm 20 A Plea for God s Help To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. 1 THE Lord hear thee in the day of trouble; the name of the God of Jacob defend thee; 2 Send thee help from the sanctuary, and strengthen thee out of Zion; 3 Remember all thy offerings, and accept thy burnt sacrifice; 4 Grant thee according to thine own heart, and a fulfil all thy counsel. 5 We will rejoice in thy salvation, and in the name of our God we will set up our banners: the Lord fulfil all thy petitions. 6 Now know I that the Lord saveth his anointed; he will hear him from his holy heaven with the saving strength of his right hand. 7 Some trust in chariots, and some in bhorses: but we will remember the name of the Lord our God. 8 They are brought down and fallen: but we are risen, and stand upright. 9 Save, Lord: let the king hear us when we call. Psalm 21 Rejoicing in God s Strength To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. 1 THE king shall joy in thy strength, O Lord; and in thy salvation how greatly shall he rejoice! 2 Thou hast given him his heart s desire, and hast not withholden the a request of his lips. 3 For thou preventest him with the blessings of goodness: thou settest a crown of pure gold on his head. 4 bhe asked life of thee, and thou gavest it him, even length of days for ever and ever. 5 His glory is great in thy salvation: honour and majesty hast thou laid upon him. 6 For thou hast made him most blessed for ever: c thou hast made him exceeding glad with thy countenance. 7 For the king trusteth in the Lord, and through the mercy of the most High he shall not be moved. 8 Thine hand shall find out all thine enemies: thy right hand shall find out those that hate thee. 9 Thou shalt make them as a fiery oven in the time of thine anger: the Lord shall swallow them up in his wrath, and the fire shall devour them. 10 Their fruit shalt thou destroy from the earth, and their seed from among the children of men. 11 For they intended evil against thee: they imagined a mischievous device, which they are not able to d perform. 12 Therefore shalt thou make them turn their back, when thou shalt make ready thine arrows upon thy strings against the face of them. 13 Be thou exalted, Lord, in thine own strength: so will we sing and praise thy power. Psalm 22 A Plea for God s Presence To the chief Musician upon Aijeleth Shahar, A Psalm of David. 1 MY a God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? why art thou so far from helping me, and from the words of my roaring? 2 O my God, I cry in the daytime, but thou hearest not; and in the night season, and am not silent. 19:14 my redeemer. God is the One who purchases our freedom from any bondage or slavery. The principal meaning of the word is defender of family rights. 20:5 salvation. In the immediate context, salvation is used to describe daily deliverance from the rigors of the battle and the victory over the enemy. But the Lord s deliverance of us from our spiritual troubles should prompt the same type of praise. 20:6 his right hand. This is a slogan that describes God s powerful deliverance of the Israelites from Egypt (17:7; 44:3; 118:16; Ex. 15:6). 21:2 his heart s desire. The Lord gives people their aspirations when they are derived from a fundamental desire for God s honor and glory (20:4; 37:4; 145:19). 21:9 the time of thine anger. This may refer to any period of God s judgment, but compare to the day of the Lord (Joel 2:1; Zeph. 1:14). 22:1 My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? David used these words to express a painful sense of separation from God at a time of great trouble (38:21). These were the very words used by Christ while in agony on the cross (Matt. 27:46; Mark 15:34). 19:12 h [Ps. 51:1, 2] 19:13 i Num. 15:30 j Ps. 119:133 19:14 k Ps. 51:15 l Is. 47:4 20:4 a Ps. 21:2 20:7 b Ps. 33:16, 17 21:2 a 2 Sam. 7: :4 b Ps. 61:5, 6; 133:3 21:6 c Ps. 16:11; 45:7 21:11 d Ps. 2:1 4 22:1 a [Mark 15:34]