John Selden, Of the Dominion, or, Ownership of the Sea
|
|
- Aldous Morrison
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1 John Selden, Of the Dominion, or, Ownership of the Sea [excerpted from the Marchamont Nedham translation of 1652, pp. 3-5, 8-11, ] The Author s Preface There are two propositions here... ; the one, that the sea, by the Law of Nature or Nations, is not common to all men, but capable of private dominion or property as well as the land; the other, that the King of Great Britain is lord of the sea flowing about, as an inseparable and perpetual appendant of the British Empire.... Mare Clausum is the sea possessed in a private matter, or so secluded both by right and occupation, that it ceases to be common; that is, being claimed by right of subjection. Upon this ground it was that... the territories assigned... in the colonies at this day carried into America as in that prodigious gift of Pope Alexander VI in the former age, which is bounded by an imaginary line from the Arctic to the Antarctic Pole, are closed by lines of longitude and latitude drawn through the degrees of heaven, that they may be possessed in a private manner.... So the sea flowing about is shut or closed within the compass of the royal patrimony of the British Empire. Other passages there are everywhere of the same kind. But I enlarge myself too much in a thing so manifest. Therefore I forbear to light a candle to the sun. Book 1, Chapter 2: What occurrences seem to oppose the dominion of the sea, and what arguments are wont to be made against it The Arguments usually brought against the dominion of the sea are of three sorts. Some are drawn from freedom of commerce, passage, and travel; others from the nature of the sea; and a third sort from the writings and testimonies of learned men. And as to what concerns the freedom of commerce or traffic, and travel, this some men affirm to be so natural, that they say it can nowhere be abolished by any law or custom; yea, and that by the law of nations it is unjust to deny merchants or strangers the benefit of port, provisions, commerce, and navigation; adding moreover, that wars have been justly commenced upon denial of port, trade, and commerce; And for proof, they produce the example... of the Spaniard against those of the West Indies; for that the expedition of Spain against the Americans is pretended by very learned men to be upon a just ground, because they denied them a freedom of commerce within their shores and ports.... Now,
2 2 if such a propriety or dominion of the sea were admitted, that men might be forbidden the liberty of navigation and ports, at the will of any proprietor, then, say they, it would be an infringement of that law of commerce and travel (by them styled the law of nature) which they would not have to be endured. Touching the second sort of objections drawn from the nature of the sea itself, it is commonly alleged; that the sea is altered and shifted every moment, and the state of it, through a continued Succession of new waters, always so uncertain, and remains so little the same in all things... that it is impossible it should ever be retained in the possession of any one particular. Moreover, they say the nature of possession consists chiefly in a separation or distinction of limits and bounds, but no such materials or Instruments can possibly be found in the sea, as that the law for regulation of bounds, which hath a principal place in all controversies about dominion or ownership may be grounded thereupon.... They are pleased likewise to insinuate what a world of sea room there is, that all nations may have sufficient for watering, fishing, and navigation: And therefore that the peculiar dominion thereof is by no means to be appropriated unto any.... Of our modern Lawyers, those that have appeared most forward in opposing a Right of Dominion over the Sea are only two, both very eminent men, but of unequal learning and elegance of wit; by the name Fernandus Vasquius [Fernando Vázquez de Menchaca, ] the Spaniard, and Hugo Grotius [Huig de Groot, ] the Hollander: the former an honourable counsellor to King Philip III of Spain in his high Court of Exchequer. The latter was heretofore Advocate Fiscal of Holland, Zeeland, and West-Friesland, and most deservedly adorned with diverse other honours in his own country; a man of an acute judgment, and for his excellence in all kinds of learning incomparable.... But in the year MDCIX (it being the year after that large treaty held at the Hague betwixt the Spaniard and the Hollander, about freedom of trade and navigation to the East-Indies) there was published that book of Hugo Grotius, entitled MARE LIBERUM, or a discourse concerning that Right which the Hollanders have to Trade in the Indies. Wherein he endeavours first to prove that, by the law of nations, there ought to be such a freedom of navigation for all men whatsoever, which way they please, so that they cannot, without injury, be molested at sea. Next, that the Atlantic and Southern Ocean, or the right of navigation to the Indies, is not, nor indeed can be, any peculiar of the Portuguese: forasmuch as the sea (says he, according to the laws and
3 3 reasons already mentioned) can be in no wise become the property of any one; because nature not only permits, but requires it should be common. Several other passages he hath about this matter, in his excellent book De Jure Belli & Pacis.... Chapter 26: An answer to the opinions of modern lawyers, so far as they oppose a dominion of the sea; especially of... Huge Grotius.... As to what hath been formerly alleged..., it is grounded upon such arguments as are either manifestly false, or impertinent. For, what is this to the purpose? That the sea, from the beginning of the world to this present day, is, and ever hath been in common, without the least alteration, as tis generally known. Whereas the quite contrary is most certainly known to those, who have had any insight into the received laws and customs of ages and nations. That is to say, that by most approved law and custom, some seas have passed into the dominion and patrimony, both of princes and private persons; as is clearly made manifest out of what hath been already shown you. Moreover also he would have prescription to cease betwixt foreigners in relation to each other, and not to take place in the law of nations,... so that by his opinion, prescription should be of no force between those (as between two supreme states or princes) who are not indifferently subject to the civil law, which admits prescription; than which not anything can be said or imagined more absurd. Almost all the principal points of the intervenient law of nations, being established by long consent of persons using them, do depend upon prescription or ancient custom.... As for those other things mentioned... concerning... the inexhaustible abundance of the sea (whereby he makes a difference betwixt rivers and seas) and other things of the like nature, they have no relation at all to the point of dominion; as you have been sufficiently told already. In the next place, we come to the other, to wit, Hugo Grotius, a man of great learning, and extraordinary knowledge in things both divine and human; whose name is very frequent in the mouths of men everywhere, to maintain a natural and perpetual community of the sea. He hath handled that point in two books; in his Mare Liberum, and in that excellent work De Jure Belli & pacis. As to what concerns Mare Liberum, a book that was written against the Portuguese about trading into the Indies through the vast Atlantic and Southern Ocean; it contains indeed such things as have been delivered by ancient lawyers touching community of the sea; yea, and disputing for the profits and interests of his country, he draws them into his own
4 4 party; and so endeavours to prove that the sea is not capable of private dominion. But he hath so warily couched this subject with other things, that whether in this he did hit or miss, the rest howsoever might serve to assert the point which he was to handle. Moreover, he discourses about the title of discovery, and primary occupation (pretended to by the Portuguese) and that also which is by donation from the Pope. And he seems in a manner, either sometimes to quit that natural and perpetual community, which many civil lawyers are eager to maintain, and he himself, in order to his design, endeavoured to confirm, or else to confess that it can hardly be defended. For, concerning those seas that were enclosed by the ancient Romans, the nature of the sea, says he, differs from the shore in this, that the sea, unless it be in some small part of itself, is not easily capable of building or enclosure. And put case it were, yet even this could hardly be without the hindrance of common use. Nevertheless, if any small part of it may be thus possessed, it falls to him that enters upon it first by occupation. Now, the difference of a lesser and a greater part, cannot take place (I suppose) in the determining of private dominion. But in express words he excepts even a bay or creek of the sea. And a little after, says he, We do not speak here of an inland sea, which in some places being straitened with land on every side, exceeds not the breadth even of a river, yet 'tis clear that this was what the Roman lawyers spoke of, when they set forth those notable determinations against private avarice. But the question is concerning the ocean, which antiquity called immense infinite, the parent or original of things, consisting with the air. And afterwards he says, The controversy is not about a strait or creek in this ocean, nor so much as is within view when one stands upon the shore.... And certainly, there is no man but must conceive it a very difficult thing to possess the whole ocean: Though if it could be held by occupation, like a narrow sea, or a creek, or as the whole world was said to be possessed at first by ancient princes, it might even as well pass into the dominion or ownership of him that should enter upon it first by occupation.... But it is by no means to be omitted that they, for whose sakes Hugo Grotius wrote that book, that is to say, the States of Holland, did, not unwillingly, but rather (as it seems) according to their own heart s desire, give ear to the condemnation of that opinion (especially because it was owned by Grotius) concerning a community of the sea and freedom of fishing therein according to the law natural and of nations... Of which thing Grotius himself bears witness. I have laboured, says he, as much as any to maintain the right of navigation to the Indies, and for the preservation of cloth-dressing in our country. But for the freedom of fishing at sea... I had
5 5 begun to make some discourses in defence of that freedom, as a thing grounded upon the law of nations, and customs, time out of mind.... But in his books de Jure Belli & Pacis, having indeed set down the reason of the original of private dominion to be upon this ground, that those places which became peculiarly assigned were not sufficient for the maintenance of all men, he concludes that the sea, because of its bigness and inexhaustible abundance, being sufficient for all, cannot be appropriated to any. He adds other things also, touching the nature of the seas not being distinguishable by bounds, of both which we have said enough already. But at length he betakes himself to the received customs of nations and speaks more than once concerning the propriety or private dominion of the sea, as of a thing sometimes to be yielded without controversy. The land, says he, and rivers, and any part of the sea, in case it come under the propriety of some nation, ought to be open for such as have need of passage upon just and necessary occasions. Afterwards also, speaking of the propriety of rivers, After this example, says he, it seems that even the sea may be possessed by him that is owner of the land on both sides, although it lie open either above, as a creek; or above and below too, as a strait or narrow sea: so that it be not so great a part of the sea, that being compared with the lands it cannot seem to be any portion of them. And that which is lawful for one prince or people, the same seems lawful also for two or three, if in the like manner they please to enter upon the sea flowing between. For so, rivers that flow between two nations, have been entered upon by both, and then divided.... He alleges other things also touching the Right of primary occupation by sea; but... says that not by any natural right or reason but by custom it came to pass that the sea was not appropriated, or that it could not lawfully be entered upon by right of occupation.... But upon due consideration of all those particulars,... there remains not either in the nature of the sea itself, or in the law either divine, natural, or of nations, anything which may so oppose the private dominion thereof, that it cannot be admitted by every kind of law, even the most approved; and so that any kind of sea whatsoever may by any sort of law whatsoever be capable of private dominion; which was the thing I intended to prove.
John Selden, Of the Dominion, or, Ownership of the Sea [excerpted from the Marchamont Nedham translation of 1652, pp. 3-5, 8-11, ]
1 John Selden, Of the Dominion, or, Ownership of the Sea [excerpted from the Marchamont Nedham translation of 1652, pp. 3-5, 8-11, 168-179] Book 1, Chapter 2: What Occurrences seem to oppose the Dominion
More informationDocument Based Question. Evaluate the changes in America ideology and policy towards American Indians between the time period of
Document Based Question Evaluate the changes in America ideology and policy towards American Indians between the time period of 1763-1835. Document 1 The Royal Proclamation of 1763 King George And whereas
More informationTHE DEFINITE SEVENTH DAY; OR, GOD S MEASUREMENT OF TIME ON THE ROUND WORLD.
THE DEFINITE SEVENTH DAY; OR, GOD S MEASUREMENT OF TIME ON THE ROUND WORLD. BY J. N. ANDREWS Can a definite day be observed by all the inhabitants of the earth? This, of course, depends upon the proper
More informationLEVIATHAN By Thomas Hobbes (1651)
LEVIATHAN By Thomas Hobbes (1651) Nature has made men so equal, in the faculties of body, and mind; as that though there be found one man sometimes manifestly stronger in body, or of quicker mind then
More informationThe exclusion of William III and the House of Orange from office in Holland, 1654
The exclusion of William III and the House of Orange from office in Holland, 1654 Introduction: After the failed attempt by Prince William II to take over the government of the Republic during the summer
More informationAn Interview with Bishop Donald Bolen
1 An Interview with Bishop Donald Bolen Chairman of the Commission for Justice and Peace of the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops on Catholic Responses to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
More informationImperial Rivalries, Part Three: Religious Strife and the New World
Imperial Rivalries, Part Three: Religious Strife and the New World By Peter C. Mancall, The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History on 04.26.17 Word Count 1,144 Level MAX Engraving by Theodor de Bry
More informationPrimary Source # Scutage [military tax] or aid [feudal tax] shall be levied in our kingdom only by the common council of our kingdom
Primary Source #1 Source: Magna Carta, June 15, 1215. As quoted by C. Stephenson, Sources of English Constitutional History. (New York: Harper and Row, 1937), pp 115-26. Editorial comment (Stephenson),
More informationSola Scriptura and the Regulative Principle of Worship, Chapter 1 What Is Sola Scriptura?
Sola Scriptura and the Regulative Principle of Worship, Chapter 1 What Is Sola Scriptura? Brian Schwertley Before we consider the relationship between sola scriptura and the regulative principle, we need
More informationAP World History!!!!!!!! Name Period 4: !!!!!!!! Period!
AP World History Name Period 4: 1450-1750 Period Exploration and Conquest: Part I, The Motivation The following 3 documents represent different motivations for colonization of the New World. Read and annotate
More informationExcerpts from Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, On the Social Contract.
SOCIAL CONTRACTS Excerpts from Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, On the Social Contract. From Political Philosophy: Machiavelli to Mill. Compiled
More informationThe Return of Columbus
The Return of Columbus (1) 1492 in world history (2) Cristoforo Colombo (3) Inter caetera (Among other works) (4) Natural alw: discovery as possession 1 1492 in world history 2 MarFn Behaim Erdapfel (earth
More informationThe Deep Seabed: The Laws of Nature and Nature s Manganese Nodules
Liberty University DigitalCommons@Liberty University Faculty Publications and Presentations Liberty University School of Law January 2011 The Deep Seabed: The Laws of Nature and Nature s Manganese Nodules
More informationCHURCH OF ENGLAND [Cap. 429
[Cap. 429 CHAPTER 429 Ordinances Nos. 6 of 1885, 32 of 1890, 24 of 1892, 17 of 1910, 1 of 1930, Act No. 6 of 1972. AN ORDINANCE TO ENABLE THE BISHOP, CLERGY, AND LAITY OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN SRI LANKA
More informationDear Sir and Father, We treated them as such, and then waited to see what they would do.
MEMORIAL TO SIR WILFRID LAURIER, PREMIER OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA FROM THE CHIEFS OF THE SHUSWAP, OKANAGAN AND COUTEAU TRIBES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. PRESENTED AT KAMLOOPS, B.C. AUGUST 25, 1910 Dear Sir
More informationEnlightenment Thinkers
Name: Date: Block: Enlightenment Thinkers Standard: SSWH13 The student will examine the intellectual, political, social, and economic factors that changed the world view of Europeans. b. Identify the major
More informationOf the State of Men Without Civil Society Thomas Hobbes
Of the State of Men Without Civil Society Thomas Hobbes 1. The faculties of human nature may be reduced unto four kinds: bodily strength, experience, reason, passion. Taking the beginning of this following
More informationALI-ABA Course of Study Condemnation 101: How To Prepare and Present an Eminent Domain Case January 8-10, 2009 Miami Beach, Florida
387 ALI-ABA Course of Study Condemnation 101: How To Prepare and Present an Eminent Domain Case January 8-10, 2009 Miami Beach, Florida A Short History of Regulatory Takings Where We Have Been and What
More information1. An inquiry into the understanding, pleasant and useful. Since it is the understanding that sets
John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) 1 Book I. Of Innate Notions. Chapter I. Introduction. 1. An inquiry into the understanding, pleasant and useful. Since it is the understanding
More informationLogic: Deductive and Inductive by Carveth Read M.A. CHAPTER VI CONDITIONS OF IMMEDIATE INFERENCE
CHAPTER VI CONDITIONS OF IMMEDIATE INFERENCE Section 1. The word Inference is used in two different senses, which are often confused but should be carefully distinguished. In the first sense, it means
More informationTHE PASSIONS OF THE SOUL By Rene Descartes From The Passions of the Soul, Part One (1649)
THE PASSIONS OF THE SOUL By Rene Descartes From The Passions of the Soul, Part One (1649) Article 41 What is the power of the soul in respect of the body. But the will is so free by nature that it can
More informationAn Agreement of the People
Anonymous (647) 0 2 Major [William] Rainborough: I desire we may come to that end we all strive after. I humbly desire you will fall upon that which is the engagement of all, which is the rights and freedoms
More informationSELECTIONS FROM THE LEVIATHAN Thomas Hobbes ( ) (Primary Source)
Lesson One Document 1 A Human Equality: SELECTIONS FROM THE LEVIATHAN Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Nature has made men so equal, in the faculties of the body and mind; as that though there be found one man
More informationThe Baptist Confession of Faith. Chapter 27 Of the Communion of Saints
The Baptist Confession of Faith Chapter 27 Of the Communion of Saints Communion of Saints I. Chapter 27, Paragraph 1 1. Based on Union with Christ 2. Communion with each other in united body II. Chapter
More informationA Celebration of John Wesley in Word and Song on the Anniversary of His Birth
A Celebration of John Wesley in Word and Song on the Anniversary of His Birth The purpose of this worship service is to celebrate the life and ministry of John Wesley and so reappropriate the distinctiveness
More informationMock Lincoln-Douglas Debate Transcript 1. Opening Statements
Mock Lincoln-Douglas Debate Transcript 1 Background: During the mid-1800 s, the United States experienced a growing influence that pushed different regions of the country further and further apart, ultimately
More informationThomas Hobbes (d. 1679): Extracts from Leviathan
Thomas Hobbes (d. 1679): Extracts from Leviathan Source: Modern History Sourcebook: Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan, Chaps 13-14, 1651. Internet Modern History Source Book, 1997,
More informationLogical Analysis and Archaic Diction
Logical Analysis and Archaic Diction Historical and Philosophical Introduction Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was an English philosopher. During the English Civil War, which ended in 1651, he spent most of
More informationThe Return of Columbus. (1) 1492 in world history (2) Cristoforo Colombo (3) Inter caetera (Among other works) (4) ColonizaAon as heroic birthright
The Return of Columbus (1) 1492 in world history (2) Cristoforo Colombo (3) Inter caetera (Among other works) (4) ColonizaAon as heroic birthright MarAn Behaim Erdapfel (earth apple) Nuremberg, 1492 MarAn
More informationPrint settings for printable version with background image, print the following pages:
Print settings for printable version with background image, print the following pages: Print pages: 2 ~ 8 Print settings for printable version without background image, print the following pages: Print
More informationEXTRACTS from LEIBNIZ-CLARKE CORRESPONDENCE. G. W. Leibniz ( ); Samuel Clarke ( )
1 EXTRACTS from LEIBNIZ-CLARKE CORRESPONDENCE G. W. Leibniz (1646-1716); Samuel Clarke (1675-1729) LEIBNIZ: The great foundation of mathematics is the principle of contradiction, or identity, that is,
More informationNot Ashamed Of The Gospel
Not Ashamed Of The Gospel by Ellis P. Forsman Not Ashamed Of The Gospel 1 Not Ashamed Of The Gospel by Ellis P. Forsman October 7, 2011 Not Ashamed Of The Gospel 2 Not Ashamed Of The Gospel Rom. 1:14-17
More informationTo the Eminent, Most Excellent, and Reverend Ordinaries at their Sees
Vatican City, 30 April 2013 Prot. No. 20131348 To the Eminent, Most Excellent, and Reverend Ordinaries at their Sees Your Eminence, Your Excellency, The Congregation for the Clergy is aware of the significant
More informationEUROPEAN HISTORY SECTION II Total Time 1 hour, 40 minutes. Question 1 (Document-Based Question) Suggested reading and writing time: 60 minutes
EUROPEAN HISTORY SECTION II Total Time 1 hour, 40 minutes Question 1 (Document-Based Question) Suggested reading and writing time: 60 minutes It is suggested that you spend 15 minutes reading the documents
More informationBenedict de Spinoza. Ethics. (Trans. R.H.M. Elwes, 1883) Selections from PART V ON THE POWER OF THE UNDERSTANDING, OR OF HUMAN FREEDOM.
Benedict de Spinoza Ethics (Trans. R.H.M. Elwes, 1883) Selections from PART V ON THE POWER OF THE UNDERSTANDING, OR OF HUMAN FREEDOM. PREFACE. AT length I pass to the remaining portion of my Ethics, which
More information(2) They decide to pray privately, then hold common consultations
The Deliberation of Our First Fathers i (1) Unity of hearts amid diversity of opinions It was just before the end of Lent. The time was drawing near when we would have to be separated from one another.
More informationVirginia Statute for Religious Freedom
The following texts are Jefferson s original language, followed by what he calls the mutilations in the preamble. Yellow highlighting indicates words struck from the original. Virginia Statute for Religious
More informationMaking God a Liar. by Charles Grandison Finney The Penny Pulpit, May 26, 1850*
Making God a Liar by Charles Grandison Finney The Penny Pulpit, May 26, 1850* "He that believeth on the Son of God hath the witness in himself: he that believeth not God hath made him a liar; because he
More informationMEDITATIONS ON THE FIRST PHILOSOPHY: THE ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT
MEDITATIONS ON THE FIRST PHILOSOPHY: THE ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT René Descartes Introduction, Donald M. Borchert DESCARTES WAS BORN IN FRANCE in 1596 and died in Sweden in 1650. His formal education from
More informationTilburg University. Mare clausum (The Closure of the Sea or The Ownership of the Sea) 1635 John Selden ( ) Lesaffer, Randall
Tilburg University Mare clausum (The Closure of the Sea or The Ownership of the Sea) 1635 John Selden (1584-1654) Lesaffer, Randall Published in: The Formation and Transmission of Western Legal Culture.
More informationPaul and Timotheus, the servants of Jesus Christ,
Paul and Timotheus, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons: 2 Grace be unto you, and peace, from God our Father, and from the
More informationAmerican History Honors. John Locke on Government
Summer Assignment American History Honors American History Honors You have been chosen to participate in the Honors program for History. Having seen your performance the past year, I feel that you have
More informationJean Jacques Rousseau The Social Contract, or Principles of Political Right (1762)
Jean Jacques Rousseau The Social Contract, or Principles of Political Right (1762) Source: http://www.constitution.org/jjr/socon.htm Excerpts from Book I BOOK I [In this book] I mean to inquire if, in
More informationSENSE-DATA G. E. Moore
SENSE-DATA 29 SENSE-DATA G. E. Moore Moore, G. E. (1953) Sense-data. In his Some Main Problems of Philosophy (London: George Allen & Unwin, Ch. II, pp. 28-40). Pagination here follows that reference. Also
More informationAN EXAMPLE OF THANKFULNESS PHILIPPIANS 1
AN EXAMPLE OF THANKFULNESS PHILIPPIANS 1 Text: Introduction: In this letter we find, perhaps more than in any other, an attitude of thankfulness and praise amidst suffering and persecution. We, being free,
More informationChapter II. Of the State of Nature
Second Treatise on Government - by John Locke(1690) Chapter II Of the State of Nature 4. To understand political power aright, and derive it from its original, we must consider what estate all men are
More informationA Study of James 2...Page 1 of 7. A Study of James 2
A Study of James 2...Page 1 of 7 A Study of James 2 I. Outline. 1. Partiality toward the rich is wrong (James 2:1-4). 2. God loves the poor, too (5). 3. Other reasons not to exalt the rich above the poor
More information1 Paul and Timotheus, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons:
Philippians 1 1 Paul and Timotheus, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons: 2 Grace be unto you, and peace, from God our Father,
More informationOf Cause and Effect David Hume
Of Cause and Effect David Hume Of Probability; And of the Idea of Cause and Effect This is all I think necessary to observe concerning those four relations, which are the foundation of science; but as
More informationMore to be desired [are they] than gold, yea, than much fine gold: sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb.
Children Sabbath School Lesson #74 for 5-3-2014 Song for opening the Sabbath School: The Law of the Lord is perfect (A Song from the Book of Psalms 19:7-10, 14) The law of the LORD [is] perfect, converting
More informationSearch WJE Online The Jonathan Edwards Center at Yale University
Search WJE Online The Jonathan Edwards Center at Yale University Every Christian should make a business of endeavoring to grow in knowledge in divinity. This is indeed esteemed the business of divines
More informationRightly Dividing the Word of Truth
Rightly Dividing the Word of Truth You ve probably heard the saying, There are 2 things that are certain in this life... death and taxes. Well, I submit to you, There is something certain in the after-life...
More informationA Studying of Limitation of Epistemology as Basis of Toleration with Special Reference to John Locke
A Studying of Limitation of Epistemology as Basis of Toleration with Special Reference to John Locke Roghieh Tamimi and R. P. Singh Center for philosophy, Social Science School, Jawaharlal Nehru University,
More informationTo Whom Much is Given. 1 Peter 4: 10-11
To Whom Much is Given 1 Peter 4: 10-11 Tonight we stand upon the threshold of a new year. In a couple of hours we will begin 2012. The New Year brings a time for reflection as well as anticipation. As
More informationF I N D I N G K A T A H D I N :
F I N D I N G K A T A H D I N : An Online Exploration of Maine s Past REACHING PEACE: THE CASCO BAY TREATY Lesson 3.4 Objective: Students will compare two differing interpretations of the Casco Bay treaty
More informationAppeals to the Privy Council
Appeals to the Privy Council Calendar of State Papers Colonial Series 06_1684_00 Vaughan v [Martin] Vaughan v [Mason] Vaughan v [Rex] [In re The Diligence] New Hampshire Calendar of State Papers Colonial,
More informationMotion from the Right Relationship Monitoring Committee for the UUA Board of Trustees meeting January 2012
Motion from the Right Relationship Monitoring Committee for the UUA Board of Trustees meeting January 2012 Moved: That the following section entitled Report from the Board on the Doctrine of Discovery
More informationOf the Nature of the Human Mind
Of the Nature of the Human Mind René Descartes When we last read from the Meditations, Descartes had argued that his own existence was certain and indubitable for him (this was his famous I think, therefore
More information[See Edmund Morgan, The Puritan Dilemma, ch. 10, for background on Anne Hutchinson and her trial and banishment from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Trial and Interrogation of Anne Hutchinson (1637). [See Edmund Morgan, The Puritan Dilemma, ch. 10, for background on Anne Hutchinson and her trial and banishment from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.] The
More informationGod Controls the Sea & All Creatures July 8, 2015 Hymns 204; 144; 44
God Controls the Sea & All Creatures July 8, 2015 Hymns 204; 144; 44 The Bible Ps. 8:1, 3, 4 (to 1st?), 5, 6 (to ;), 8, 9 O LORD our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth! who hast set thy glory
More informationTHE MORAL ARGUMENT. Peter van Inwagen. Introduction, James Petrik
THE MORAL ARGUMENT Peter van Inwagen Introduction, James Petrik THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHICAL DISCUSSIONS of human freedom is closely intertwined with the history of philosophical discussions of moral responsibility.
More informationThe Pre-eminent One. Bible Wit ness 5
C h r i s t The Pre-eminent One h e b r e w s 1 : 1-3 As soon as one starts reading the Epistle to the Hebrews, his attention is quickly drawn to reflect upon the glories of Christ. In the first three
More informationNo matter what, I m on a path that leads to Jesus Christ. Good bad or indifferent, I m on my way! I love my teacher!
No matter what, I m on a path that leads to Jesus Christ. Good bad or indifferent, I m on my way! I love my teacher! Some day I will stand before the judgment seat of Christ. Only 33% of the population
More informationOn The Existence of God
On The Existence of God René Descartes MEDITATION III OF GOD: THAT HE EXISTS 1. I WILL now close my eyes, I will stop my ears, I will turn away my senses from their objects, I will even efface from my
More informationCHARTER F5012. h 886
CHARTER F5012 h 886 The EDITH and LORNE PIERCE COLLECTION of CANADIANA Queen's University at Kingston THE ROYAL CHARTER INCORPORATING THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, GRANTED BY lis Jtej^tg ling djtontfea tfy
More informationBased on the translation by E. M. Edghill, with minor emendations by Daniel Kolak.
On Interpretation By Aristotle Based on the translation by E. M. Edghill, with minor emendations by Daniel Kolak. First we must define the terms 'noun' and 'verb', then the terms 'denial' and 'affirmation',
More informationTrine Immersion. "A word fitly spoken is like apples of gold in baskets of silver." PUBLISHED QUARTERLY FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRACT SOCIETY.
Trine Immersion "A word fitly spoken is like apples of gold in baskets of silver." PUBLISHED QUARTERLY FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRACT SOCIETY. No.32. Oakland, Cal., January, 1896. 10c per year. BY URIAH SMITH.
More information1.6 Validity and Truth
M01_COPI1396_13_SE_C01.QXD 10/10/07 9:48 PM Page 30 30 CHAPTER 1 Basic Logical Concepts deductive arguments about probabilities themselves, in which the probability of a certain combination of events is
More informationAnselm of Canterbury on Free Will
MP_C41.qxd 11/23/06 2:41 AM Page 337 41 Anselm of Canterbury on Free Will Chapters 1. That the power of sinning does not pertain to free will 2. Both the angel and man sinned by this capacity to sin and
More informationProposition: God s first creation pictures how God saves his people from our sins by making us his entirely new creation.
Series: 1 Corinthians Title: The Glory of God in the Face of Christ Text: 2 Corinthians 4: 6 Date: June 8, 2017 Place: SGBC, New Jersey hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in
More informationMigration to the Americas. Early Culture Groups in North America
Migration to the Americas Early Culture Groups in North America Motivation for European Exploration What pushed Europeans to explore? spices Middle Eastern traders brought luxury goods such as, sugar,
More informationC I V I C S S U C C E S S AC A D E M Y. D e p a r t m e n t o f S o c i a l S c i e n c e s STUDENT PACKET WEEK 1
C I V I C S S U C C E S S AC A D E M Y D e p a r t m e n t o f S o c i a l S c i e n c e s STUDENT PACKET WEEK 1 Attachment A Radio Theatre Script: WE GOT TO GET INDEPENDENCE! **This is a radio theatre.
More informationOn Interpretation. Section 1. Aristotle Translated by E. M. Edghill. Part 1
On Interpretation Aristotle Translated by E. M. Edghill Section 1 Part 1 First we must define the terms noun and verb, then the terms denial and affirmation, then proposition and sentence. Spoken words
More informationit is necessary to make ourselves indifferent to all created things in all that is allowed to the choice of our free will
Module 308: Ignatius Loyola The Spiritual Exercises Of St. Ignatius Of Loyola (1541). Translated by Fr. Elder Mullan, S.J. Introduced by Stephen Tomkins. Edited for the web by Dan Graves. it is necessary
More information1 Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ, by the commandment of God our Savior and the Lord Jesus Christ, our,
1 Timothy 1 6 (NKJV) Greeting 1 Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ, by the commandment of God our Savior and the Lord Jesus Christ, our, 2 To Timothy, a son in the faith: Grace, mercy, and from God our Father
More informationOf Infant Baptism by Dr John Owen
Dr Owen was a renowned Puritan minister of the Independent (Congregational) persuasion, whose profound and edifying works are published by The Banner of Truth Trust. C. H. Spurgeon in the 19th century
More informationPrimary Source #1. Close Reading 1. What images do you see? 2. What words do you see? 3. What is happening in this image?
Primary Source #1 1. What images do you see? 2. What words do you see? 3. What is happening in this image? 4. What is the tone of the source? 5. When do you think this source was created? Where might you
More informationLOOKING FOR THAT BLESSED HOPE THE NEW JERUSALEM
LOOKING FOR THAT BLESSED HOPE THE NEW JERUSALEM Tit 2:13 Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ; Tit 2:14 Who gave himself for us, that
More informationJustification. Romans 3:21-4:8
Justification Romans 3:21-4:8 It is a principle in most Western courts of law that a sentence in any case must be in accordance with the facts presented. No judge has the right to clear the guilty or to
More informationThe Limits of Civil Authority
The Limits of Civil Authority THE LIMITS OF CIVIL AUTHORITY FROM THE STANDPOINT OF NATURAL RIGHT AND DIVINE OBLIGATION THERE seems to be in this country at the present time an urgent need of a better understanding
More informationF CHAPTER THREE PRINCIPLES OF ORDER AND GOVERNMENT F-3.01 HISTORIC PRINCIPLES OF CHURCH ORDER 1
F-3.01 F-3.0101 F-3.0103 CHAPTER THREE PRINCIPLES OF ORDER AND GOVERNMENT F-3.01 HISTORIC PRINCIPLES OF CHURCH ORDER 1 In setting forth this Book of Order, the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) reaffirms the
More informationLesson 2 Student Handout 2.1 The Ottoman Empire
Lesson 2 Student Handout 2.1 The Ottoman Empire Excerpts from the Treaty of Berlin, 1878. These excerpts specifically reference the Balkan states of the Ottoman empire. Treaty between Great Britain, Austria-Hungary,
More informationCarter Lane Declaration of Faith
Carter Lane Declaration of Faith 1757 Copyright (Public Domain) www.reformedontheweb.com/home/.html (Reformed on the Web) 1757 DECLARATION OF THE FAITH AND PRACTICE OF THE CHURCH IN CARTER LANE, SOUTHWARK
More informationWhat s In A Name? Isaac means laughter. Isaiah means God is my salvation. Peter means rock. Jesus means Jehovah Saves
Isaiah 9:6 For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father,
More informationCol 1:10 10 That ye might walk worthy of the Lord unto all pleasing, being fruitful in every good work, and increasing in the knowledge of God; KJV
MESSAGE Occasion : Morning Worship Date : March 26, 2017 TITLE : WALKING AND PLEASING GOD Text/s : 1 Thess 4:1 4 Furthermore then we beseech you, brethren, and exhort you by the Lord Jesus, that as ye
More informationOur Identification with Christ in His death, burial and resurrection
Our Identification with Christ in His death, burial and resurrection Romans 6:1 22 What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin, that grace may abound? (Just because Grace is greater than sin doesn
More informationBible Correspondence Course Lesson 4
Bible Correspondence Course Lesson 4 THE GRACE OF GOD For by Grace are ye saved through faith, and the not of yourselves: It Is The Gift Of God: not of Works lest any man should boast (Ephesians 2:8-9).
More informationCritique of Cosmological Argument
David Hume: Critique of Cosmological Argument Critique of Cosmological Argument DAVID HUME (1711-1776) David Hume is one of the most important philosophers in the history of philosophy. Born in Edinburgh,
More informationTHE LEIBNIZ CLARKE DEBATES
THE LEIBNIZ CLARKE DEBATES Background: Newton claims that God has to wind up the universe. His health The Dispute with Newton Newton s veiled and Crotes open attacks on the plenists The first letter to
More informationThomas Aquinas on the World s Duration. Summa Theologiae Ia Q46: The Beginning of the Duration of Created Things
Thomas Aquinas on the World s Duration Thomas Aquinas (1224/1226 1274) was a prolific philosopher and theologian. His exposition of Aristotle s philosophy and his views concerning matters central to the
More informationCONSTITUTION OF THE METHODIST CHURCH IN IRELAND SECTION I THE METHODIST CHURCH The Church of Christ is the Company of His Disciples, consisting of
CONSTITUTION OF THE METHODIST CHURCH IN IRELAND SECTION I THE METHODIST CHURCH The Church of Christ is the Company of His Disciples, consisting of all those who accept Him as the Son of God and their Saviour
More informationSunday School Lesson WordForLifeSays.com
Sunday School Lesson WordForLifeSays.com TOPIC: Matthew 25:31-46 VERSE DISCOVERY: Matthew 25:31-46 (KJV, Public Domain) Prepare Obtain a picture of a sheep and a goat. Ask the class what are some of the
More informationBible Interpretation. What does the Bible Mean
Bible Interpretation What does the Bible Mean Bible Interpretation Study Part I Lesson One: Taking the Bible Literally Lesson Two: Interpreting Figurative Language Lesson Three: Prescriptive versus Descriptive
More informationThe Way of Jesus (Our Calling)
The Way of Jesus (Our Calling) Witnessing Jesus Pastor Wil Nichols September 23, 2018 Victorious Praise Fellowship Church of God in Christ 2116 Page Rd. Durham NC 27703 WEBSITE: www.victoriouspraise.org
More informationWHEN DO THE RIGHTEOUS ACTUALLY POSSESS THE REALITY OF ETERNAL LIFE?
WHEN DO THE RIGHTEOUS ACTUALLY POSSESS THE REALITY OF ETERNAL LIFE? Copyright 2016 - http://lookingforthelosttruthsofjesus.org NOTE: - All Bible texts are taken from the King James Version; and the compliers
More informationTHE WORKS OF JAMES [JACOBUS] ARMINIUS VOL. 3
ANALYSIS OF THE NINTH CHAPTER OF THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS This Analysis was prepared by ARMINIUS in 1593, and was sent to Gellius SNECANUS, a Minister in West Friesland, who entertained views of Christian
More informationOrigin of the Idea of God. TEXT: Acts 17:22-31 THESIS:
1 TEXT: Acts 17:22-31 Origin of the Idea of God THESIS: INTRODUCTION: 1. Paul stood in the midst of Mars Hill ready to preach to the Gentiles. a. He stood where so many of the world's great philosophers
More informationDBQ Unit 6: European Age of Exploration
Name Date Part A DBQ Unit 6: European Age of Exploration Directions The task below is based on documents 1 through 5. This task is designed to test your ability to work with the information provided by
More informationA SERIES OF DIALOGUES ON CHURCH COMMUNION, IN TWO PARTS,
A SERIES OF DIALOGUES ON CHURCH COMMUNION, IN TWO PARTS, THE FIRST BEING A VINDICATION OF SCRIPTURAL CHURCH COMMUNION IN OPPOSITION TO LATITUDINARIAN SCHEMES. THE SECOND BEING A DEFENCE OF THE COMMUNION
More informationPERPETUITY OF LAW. 1. HOW many lawgivers are there? There is one lawgiver, who is able to save and to destroy. James
PERPETUITY OF LAW 1. HOW many lawgivers are there? There is one lawgiver, who is able to save and to destroy. James 4:12. 2. What is said of the stability of God s character? For I am the Lord, I change
More information