CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION TO THIS STUDY BIBLE HOW TO USE THIS STUDY BIBLE

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1 List of Chrts, Mps, nd Illustrtions ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION TO THIS STUDY BIBLE HOW TO USE THIS STUDY BIBLE Foreword Prefce to the New Americn STANDARD Bile Explntion of GENERAL FORMAT ABBREVIATIONS AND SPECIAL MARKINGS TABLE OF WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND COINS READ THROUGH THE BIBLE IN A YEAR CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER OF BOOKS ENGLISH AND HEBREW CLASSIFICATIONS OF OLD TESTAMENT BOOKS ABBREVIATIONS FOR THE BOOKS OF THE BIBLE INTRODUCTION TO THE OLD TESTAMENT Genesis... Exodus...66 Leviticus...9 Numers...56 Deuteronomy Joshu Judges Ruth...4 Smuel Smuel...6 Kings Kings...46 Chronicles Chronicles Ezr Nehemih Esther Jo...59 Pslms...6 Provers CONTENTS The Old Testment Annotted BETWEEN THE TESTAMENTS 5 FROM MALACHI TO MATTHEW 5 v vii viii ix xi xii xiv xv xvi xvii xxiii xxiv xxv xxvi xxix Ecclesistes Song of Solomon Isih Jeremih Lmenttions Ezekiel...97 Dniel Hose Joel Amos...08 Odih Jonh Mich Nhum... Hkkuk...6 Zephnih...2 Hggi...26 Zechrih...0 Mlchi...45 THE APOCRYPHA 54 MACCABEAN REVOLT 55 iii

2 HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS 56 INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW TESTAMENT 6 NEW TESTAMENT BOOKS nd POLITICAL BACKGROUND 65 PALESTINE AND THE ROMAN EMPIRE 66 MIRACLES OF JESUS 67 MESSIANIC PROPHECIES 68 INTRODUCTION TO THE GOSPELS 69 COMPARISON OF THE FOUR GOSPELS nd WORDS OF CHRIST IN THE FOUR GOSPELS 70 The New Testment Annotted 7 Mtthew...7 Mrk Luke John Acts... 8 Romns Corinthins Corinthins...4 Gltins Ephesins Philippins Colossins Thesslonins Thesslonins Timothy Timothy Titus Philemon...50 Herews...54 Jmes... 5 Peter Peter John John John Jude Reveltion INDEX TO PRINCIPAL SUBJECTS IN THE NOTES 599 A SYNOPSIS OF BIBLE DOCTRINE 607 THE INSPIRATION OF THE BIBLE 6 UNDERSTANDING THE BIBLE 66 HOW WE GOT OUR BIBLE 68 THE MEANING AND BLESSINGS OF SALVATION 640 ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE BIBLE 64 A BRIEF SURVEY OF CHURCH HISTORY 646 TOPICAL INDEX OF SCRIPTURE 656 CONCORDANCE 695 TIMELINE 787 MAP INDEX 795 MAPS iv

3 I n t r o d u c t i o n t o Genesis AUTHOR: Moses DATE: c. Title The English word genesis comes, y wy of Ltin, from the Greek title to this ook. In Herew, the ook ws nmed from its first word, which mens in the eginning. Genesis mens origin nd thus is n pt title for ook tht revels the origins of ll humn history. Authorship Genesis is the first ook of lrger work, the first five ooks of the Old Testment, clled the Pentteuch, the uthorship of which hs trditionlly een scried to Moses. This is supported y the following considertions: () the Pentteuch itself ffirms Moses s its uthor (Ex. 7:4; 24:4, 7; 4:27; Num. :-2; Deut. :9); (2) other Old Testment ooks testify to the Mosic uthorship of the Pentteuch (Josh. :7-8; 8:2, 4; 22:5; Kings 2:; 2 Kings 4:6; 2:8; Ezr 6:8; Dn. 9:-; Ml. 4:4); () the New Testment ffirms the sme (Mtt. 9:8; Mrk 2:26; John 5:46-47; 7:9; Rom. 0:5); (4) eyewitness detils point to prticipnt eing the uthor, not n editor who lived centuries lter (Ex. 5:27; Num. 2:-; :7-8); (5) the uthor s informtion out Egyptin nmes, words, customs, nd geogrphy would hve een difficult for n uthor or editor to hve otined in Cnn centuries fter Moses time (Gen. :0; 6:-; :8; 4:4; cf. Acts 7:22). The criticl view of the uthorship of the Pentteuch hs pssed through severl stges. At first, Genesis ws divided into two documents on the sis of the use of the two different nmes for God: Elohim nd Yhweh. Aout 875, Julius Wellhusen rgued for four documents nmed J, E, P, nd D from which the entire Pentteuch ws compiled. J ws written out 850.c. y n unknown writer in Judh; E ws written out 750.c. y n unknown writer in the Northern Kingdom of Isrel; D ws composed y high priest t the time of the revivl under King Josih in 62.c.; nd P ws composed from the time of Ezekiel to Ezr. Archeologicl discoveries, however (mny since World Wr I), hve demonstrted the historicl ccurcy of the Pentteuch nd hve rought to light customs prcticed in the second millennium.c. tht were not prcticed in the first millennium.c. How, then, would n uthor hve known of these customs (e.g., the doule portion going to the oldest son, the sle of irthright, the vlidity of n orl will; cf. Gen. 48:7-20) unless he hd lived during tht erlier period? Undoutedly, Moses hd oth orl nd written records of erly history, which he used under the guidnce of the Holy Spirit to write out events tht ntedted his own life. Nturlly, someone else must hve written the ccount of his deth (Deut. 4). Contents Genesis is rel-life history of individul people, fct tht is emphsized y the 0 sections (following the prologue, :-2:) tht usully egin these re the records of the genertions of (6:9; 0:; :0; :27; 25:2; 25:9; 6:; 7:2; cf. 2:4; 5:). This thrust provides nturl unity to the ook (cf. Luke :2-8). Genesis is ook out the eginning of mny things: the world, mn, sin, civiliztion, the ntions, nd Isrel. Genesis lso contins importnt theologicl themes: the doctrine of the living, personl God; the doctrine of mn mde in the imge of God, then of sinful mn; the nticiption of Redeemer (:5); nd the covennt promises mde to the ntion Isrel (2:-; 5:8-2). Genesis is ook unique mong ll Ner Estern literture nd foundtionl to ll the other ooks of the Bile. Outline of Genesis I. The Cretion of the World, :-2:25 A. The Beginning of Cretion, :-2 B. The Dys of Cretion, :-2: C. The Beginnings of Mn nd Womn, 2:4-25

4 II. The Sin of Mn, :-24 A. The Tempttion, :-7 B. The Judgments, :8-24 III. The Beginnings of Civiliztion, 4:-5:2 A. Cin nd His Descendnts, 4:-24 B. Seth, 4:25-26 C. Adm to Noh, 5:-2 IV. The History of Noh, 6:-9:29 A. The Cuses of the Flood, 6:- B. The Course of the Flood, 6:4-8:9 C. The Events After the Flood, 8:20-9:29 V. The Descendnts of Noh nd the Tower of Bel, 0:-:26 A. The Sons of Jpheth, 0:-5 B. The Sons of Hm, 0:6-20 C. The Sons of Shem, 0:2-2 D. The Tower of Bel, :-9 E. The Descendnts of Shem, :0-26 VI. The History of Arhm, :27-25: A. The Fmily of Arm, :27-2 B. The Cll of Arm, 2:-20 C. The Seprtion of Arm nd Lot, :-8 D. The Delivernce of Lot y Arm, 4:-24 E. The Covennt with Arm, 5:-2 F. The Birth of Ishmel, 6:-6 G. The Circumcision of Arhm, 7:-27 H. The Destruction of Sodom nd Gomorrh, 8:-9:8 I. Arhm nd Aimelech, 20:-8 J. The Birth of Isc, 2:-4 K. The Offering of Isc, 22:-24 L. The Deth nd Buril of Srh, 2:-20 M. The Mrrige of Isc, 24:-67 N. The Deth of Arhm, 25:- VII. The Descendnts of Ishmel, 25:2-8 VIII. The History of Isc nd His Sons, 25:9-6:4 A. The Birth of Jco nd Esu, nd Selling of Esu s Birthright, 25:9-4 B. Isc nd Aimelech, 26:-5 C. The Blessing of Jco y Deception, 27:-46 D. Jco s Flight to Pddn-rm (Mesopotmi), 28:-9 E. Jco s Drem t Bethel, 28:0-22 F. Jco nd the Dughters of Ln, 29:-0:4. Jco meets Rchel, 29:-4 2. Jco mrries Leh nd Rchel, 29:5-0. Jco egets children, 29:-0:24 4. Jco rgins with Ln, 0:25-4 G. Jco s Return to Cnn, :-:20. His seprtion from Ln, : His reconcilition with Esu, 2:-:20 H. Jco s Lter Life, 4:-6:4. The msscre t Shechem, 4:- 2. The renewl of the covennt t Bethel, 5:-5. The deths of Rchel nd Isc, 5: The descendnts of Esu, 6:-4 IX. The History of Joseph, 7:-50:26 A. Joseph Sold into Slvery, 7:-6 B. Judh nd Tmr, 8:-0 C. Joseph in Potiphr s House, 9:-2 D. Joseph Interprets the Drems of the Cuperer nd the Bker, 40:-2 E. Joseph Interprets Phroh s Drem, 4:-57 F. Joseph s Brothers in Egypt, 42:-45:28. The first visit of his ten rothers, 42:-8 2. The second visit of his eleven rothers, 4:-44:4. Joseph s reveltion of his identity, Gen 45:-28 G. Joseph s Fmily in Egypt, 46:-47: H. The Blessing of Joseph s Sons, 48:-22 I. Jco s Blessing of His Sons, 49:-27 J. Jco s Deth nd Buril, 49:28-50:4 K. The Lst Dys of Joseph, 50:5-26 CREA TION Noh TIMELINE OF GENESIS Tower of Bel Arhm orn Isc orn Jco orn Joseph sold into slvery Deth of Joseph Erliest culture in Mesopotmi Egyptin Dynsties egin Destruction of Egyptin Middle Sodom & Gomorrh Kingdom 2

5 I. The Cretion of the World, :-2:25 A. The Beginning of Cretion, :-2 In the eginning God c creted the hevens nd the erth. 2 The erth ws formless nd void, nd drkness ws over the 2 surfce of the deep, nd c the Spirit of God d ws moving over the 2 surfce of the wters. B. The Dys of Cretion, :-2: Then God sid, Let there e light ; nd there ws light. 4 God sw tht the light ws good; nd God seprted the light from the drkness. 5 God clled the light dy, nd the drkness He clled night. And there ws evening nd there ws morning, one dy. 6 Then God sid, Let there e n expnse in the midst of the wters, nd let it seprte T h e B o o k o f Genesis Chpter Ps 02:25; Is 40:2; John :, 2; He :0 Ps 89:; 90:2; Acts 7:24; Rom :20; He : c Jo 8:4; Is 42:5; 45:8; Rev 4: 2 Or wste nd emptiness 2 Lit fce of Or hovering Jer 4:2 Jo 8:9 c Ps 04:0; Is 40:, 4 d Deut 2:; Is :5 Ps :6, 9; 2 Cor 4:6 4 Ps 45:9, 0 Is 45:7 5 Ps 74:6 Ps 65:8 6 Or firmment Is 40:22; Jer 0:2; 2 Pet :5 7 Or firmment Jo 8:8- Ps 48:4 8 Or firmment 9 Ps 04:6-9; Jer 5:22; 2 Pet :5 Ps 24:, 2; 95:5 0 Ps :7; 95:5; 46:6 Or grss 2 Or hers Lit its 4 Lit in which is its seed the wters from the wters. 7 God mde the expnse, nd seprted the wters which were elow the expnse from the wters which were ove the expnse; nd it ws so. 8 God clled the expnse heven. And there ws evening nd there ws morning, second dy. 9 Then God sid, Let the wters elow the hevens e gthered into one plce, nd let the dry lnd pper ; nd it ws so. 0 God clled the dry lnd erth, nd the gthering of the wters He clled ses; nd God sw tht it ws good. Then God sid, Let the erth sprout vegettion, 2 plnts yielding seed, nd fruit trees on the erth ering fruit fter their kind 4 with seed in them ; nd it ws so. 2 The erth rought forth vegettion, 2 plnts yielding seed fter their kind, nd trees ering Ps 65:9-; 04:4; He 6:7 2 Or grss 2 Or hers Lit its : In the eginning. Not of eternity, ut of the cretion of the world s descried in this chpter. This mrks the first rek in the pst endless eternity. God. Lit., Elohim, generic term for deity s well s proper nme for the true God. It is used of pgn gods (:0; Ex. 2:2), ngels (Ps. 8:5), men (Ps. 82:6), nd judges (Ex. 2:6), though most frequently of the true God. Its sic mening is strong one, mighty leder, supreme Deity. The form of the word is plurl, indicting plentitude of power nd mjesty nd llowing for the NT reveltion of the triunity of the Godhed. Cf. note on Gen. 2:4. creted. He. r, used lso in verses 2 nd 27. The word itself does not preclude the use of preexisting mteril (Is. 65:8), though none is mentioned or implied here (cf. other occurrences in Ps. 5:0; Is. 65:7; Amos 4:). Br mens essentilly the sme s s, to do or mke (used in v. 25 nd lso of the entire cretive ctivity in Ex. 20: nd Neh. 9:6). A third word for God s cretive ctivity, ysr ( formed ), occurs in Gen. 2:7. the hevens nd the erth. I.e., the universe. :2 The erth ws formless nd void. Some understnd gp of n indeterminte period of time etween verses nd 2, nd trnslte ecme rther thn ws. Although the Herew word my men ecme (s in 9:26), the construction of the cluse does not support consecutive sttement descriing something tht hppened susequent to verse ( nd ) ut rther descriing something included in verse ( ut ). In other words, the initil cretion ws formless nd empty, condition soon remedied. See note on Is. 45:8. The phrse mens tht t this point in God s cretive ctivity the erth ws yet unfshioned nd uninhited. the deep. Not reference to the mythologicl Bylonin monster Timt, s hs een lleged, ut simply wters. moving over. I.e., in the sense of protecting nd prticipting in the cretive work (the sme Herew word is used in Deut. 2:). : light. Not the sun (which ws creted on the fourth dy, v. 6), ut some fixed light source outside the erth. In reference to tht light, the rotting erth pssed through dy-night cycle. :4 God seprted. The first of three seprtions. Here, light from drkness; then sky from wter (v. 7); nd finlly, the lnd from the ses (v. 9). Only when this sptil seprtion ws complete did God pronounce everything good (v. 0). He clled the finished cretion very good (v. ). :5 And there ws evening nd there ws morning, one dy (etter, dy one). Lter Jewish reckoning egn the dy with eventide (Lev. 2:2). Tht my e the reson for the order here, or it my simply men tht one dy-night cycle ws completed. Since dytime closes t evening nd the night ends with the morning, the phrse indictes tht the first dy nd night hd een completed. Evening nd morning cnnot e construed to men n ge, ut only dy; everywhere in the Pentteuch the word dy, when used (s here) with numericl djective, mens solr dy (now clirted s 24 hours). :6 n expnse. From ver mening to et out nd spred out ; i.e., the open expnse of the hevens, which ppered s vst cnopy or tent ove the erth. :7 the wters which were ove. Apprently God suspended vst ody of wter in vpor form over the erth, mking cnopy tht cused conditions on the erth to resemle those inside greenhouse. This my ccount for the longevity of humn life (Gen. 5) nd for the tremendous mount of wter involved in the worldwide flood (Gen. 6-9). :0 God clled. The ct of nming this nd other prts of the cretion ws, in the Semitic world, n evidence of lordship (cf. 2 Kings 2:4). Note the significnce of this in 2:9. : fter their kind. There re fixed oundries eyond which reproductive vritions cnnot go, ut it is impossile to know whether kind is to e equted with fmilies, gener, or some other ctegory of iologicl clssifiction.

6 Genesis : 4 fruit 4 with seed in them, fter their kind; nd God sw tht it ws good. There ws evening nd there ws morning, third dy. 4 Then God sid, Let there e lights in the 2 expnse of the hevens to seprte the dy from the night, nd let them e for c signs nd for d sesons nd for dys nd yers; 5 nd let them e for lights in the 2 expnse of the hevens to give light on the erth ; nd it ws so. 6 God mde the two gret lights, the greter 2 light to govern the dy, nd the lesser 2 light to govern the night; He mde the strs lso. 7 God plced them in the expnse of the hevens to give light on the erth, 8 nd to govern the dy nd the night, nd to seprte the light from the drkness; nd God sw tht it ws good. 9 There ws evening nd there ws morning, fourth dy. 20 Then God sid, Let the wters teem with swrms of living cretures, nd let irds fly ove the erth 2 in the open expnse of the hevens. 2 God creted the gret se monsters nd every living creture tht moves, with which the wters swrmed fter their kind, nd every winged ird fter its kind; nd God sw tht it ws good. 22 God lessed them, sying, Be fruitful nd multiply, nd fill the 2 Lit its 4 Lit in which is its seed 4 Or luminries, lighterers 2 Or firmment Ps 74:6; 6:7 Ps 9:; 50: c Jer 0:2 d Ps 04:9 5 Or luminries, lighterers 2 Or firmment 6 Or luminries, lighterers 2 Or luminry, light-erer Lit for the dominion of Ps 6:8, 9 Jo 8:7; Ps 8:; Is 40:26 7 Or firmment Jer :20, 25 8 Lit for the dominion of Jer :5 20 Or swrm 2 Lit on the fce of Or firmment 2 Ps 04: Lit its Gen 2:9; 6:20; 7:4; 8:9 25 Lit its Gen 7:2, 22; Jer 27:5 26 Lit hevens Gen :22; :7 Gen 5:; 9:6; Cor :7; Eph 4:24; Jmes :9 c Ps 8: Gen 5:f; Cor :7; Eph 4:24; Col :0 Mtt 9:4; Mrk 0:6 28 Lit hevens 2 Or creeps Gen 9:, 7; Lev 26:9; Ps 27:, 5 29 Lit fce of 2 Lit in which is the fruit of tree yielding seed Ps 04:4; 6:25 wters in the ses, nd let irds multiply on the erth. 2 There ws evening nd there ws morning, fifth dy. 24 Then God sid, Let the erth ring forth living cretures fter their kind: cttle nd creeping things nd ests of the erth fter their kind ; nd it ws so. 25 God mde the ests of the erth fter their kind, nd the cttle fter their kind, nd everything tht creeps on the ground fter its kind; nd God sw tht it ws good. 26 Then God sid, Let Us mke mn in Our imge, ccording to Our likeness; nd let them c rule over the fish of the se nd over the irds of the sky nd over the cttle nd over ll the erth, nd over every creeping thing tht creeps on the erth. 27 God creted mn in His own imge, in the imge of God He creted him; mle nd femle He creted them. 28 God lessed them; nd God sid to them, Be fruitful nd multiply, nd fill the erth, nd sudue it; nd rule over the fish of the se nd over the irds of the sky nd over every living thing tht 2 moves on the erth. 29 Then God sid, Behold, I hve given you every plnt yielding seed tht is on the surfce of ll the erth, nd every tree 2 which hs fruit yielding seed; NAMES OF GOD NAME MEANING REFERENCES Elohim Adoni Yhweh Theos Kurios Despotes Pter Strong One Lord (Mster) I m the One who is God Lord Mster Fther Genesis : Joshu 5:4 Exodus :4 Mtthew :2 Mtthew 5: Acts 4:24 John 4:24; 5:6 :4-9 The light source of the first dy ws replced y the sun nd moon. Their purposes were to distinguish dy nd night, to e signs (y which men get their erings, s well s signs of judgment, Mtt. 24:29), to mrk off the sesons, nd to give light to the erth. :2 good. I.e., eutiful nd in perfect ecologicl lnce. :24 cttle. I.e., lrge, domesticted qudrupeds. creeping things. I.e., cretures tht move on the erth or close to it, hving no legs or, t est, only short ones (e.g., worms, insects, nd reptiles). :26 Us... Our. Plurls of mjesty. imge... likeness. Interchngele terms (5:) indicting tht mn ws creted in nturl nd morl likeness to God. When he sinned, he lost the morl likeness, which ws his sinlessness, ut the nturl likeness of intellect, emotions, nd will he still retins (cf. 9:6; Jmes :9). :27 mn. The word is used genericlly here, then mplified y the phrse mle nd femle (lthough Eve s physicl formtion is not detiled until 2:8-2). :28 fill. The word cnnot e used to support the ide of refilling of the erth fter destruction of n erlier civiliztion, s some theories hold. sudue... rule. Mn, s God s representtive, is to rule the erth. But when he sinned, he lost the ility to do tht fully. (Notice tht this prt of his commission is not repeted in 9:.) See the note on He. 2:8 for summry. :29 Mn ws not given met to et until fter the Flood (9:).

7 5 it shll e food for you; 0 nd to every est of the erth nd to every ird of the sky nd to every thing tht 2 moves on the erth which hs life, I hve given every green plnt for food ; nd it ws so. God sw ll tht He hd mde, nd ehold, it ws very good. And there ws evening nd there ws morning, the sixth dy. 2Thus the hevens nd the erth were completed, nd ll their hosts. 2 By the seventh dy God completed His work which He hd done, nd He rested on the seventh dy from ll His work which He hd done. Then God lessed the seventh dy nd snctified it, ecuse in it He rested from ll His work which God hd creted nd mde. C. The Beginnings of Mn nd Womn, 2: This is the ccount of the hevens nd the erth when they were creted, in the dy tht the LORD God mde erth nd heven. 5 Now no shru of the field ws yet in the erth, nd no plnt of the field hd yet sprouted, for the LORD God hd not sent rin upon the erth, nd there ws no mn to cultivte the ground. 6 But mist used to rise from the erth nd wter the whole 2 surfce of the ground. 7 Then the LORD God formed mn of dust from the ground, nd rethed into his nostrils the reth of life; nd mn ecme 0 Lit hevens 2 Or creeps Lit in which is living soul Ps 45:5, 6; 47:9 Ps 04:24, 28; 9:68; Tim 4:4 Chpter 2 Deut 4:9; 7: 2 Ex 20:8-; :7 He 4:4, 0 Lit to mke 4 Lit These re the genertions Jo 8:4- Gen :- 5 Lit work, serve Gen : Ps 65:9, 0; Jer 0:2, 6 Or flow 2 Lit fce of 7 Lit soul Gen :9 Cor 5:45 8 Gen :0; Is 5:; Ezek 28: 9 Ezek 47:2 Gen :22; Rev 2:7; 22:2, 4 0 Lit ws going out 2 Lit heds Ps 46:4 Lit surrounds Gen 25:8 Lit is the one surrounding 4 He Hiddekel 2 Lit is the one going He Perth Dn 0:4 Gen 5:8 6 Gen :2, 7 Lit et from it Deut 0:5, 9, 20; Rom 6:2; Tim 5:6; Jmes :5 8 Lit corresponding to Cor :9 9 Gen :24 Genesis 2:9 living eing. 8 The LORD God plnted grden towrd the est, in Eden; nd there He plced the mn whom He hd formed. 9 Out of the ground the LORD God cused to grow every tree tht is plesing to the sight nd good for food; the tree of life lso in the midst of the grden, nd the tree of the knowledge of good nd evil. 0 Now river flowed out of Eden to wter the grden; nd from there it divided nd ecme four 2 rivers. The nme of the first is Pishon; it flows round the whole lnd of Hvilh, where there is gold. 2 The gold of tht lnd is good; the dellium nd the onyx stone re there. The nme of the second river is Gihon; it flows round the whole lnd of Cush. 4 The nme of the third river is Tigris; it 2 flows est of Assyri. And the fourth river is the Euphrtes. 5 Then the LORD God took the mn nd put him into the grden of Eden to cultivte it nd keep it. 6 The LORD God commnded the mn, sying, From ny tree of the grden you my et freely; 7 ut from the tree of the knowledge of good nd evil you shll not et, for in the dy tht you et from it you will surely die. 8 Then the LORD God sid, It is not good for the mn to e lone; I will mke him helper suitle for him. 9 Out of the ground 2: their hosts. In Neh. 9:6, the sme Herew word depicts strs ; nd in Kings 22:9, it refers to ngels. Here, it proly mens simply ll the things tht God creted. 2:2 He rested. I.e., He cesed or desisted from His work. No weriness is implied. The Herew word is sth, the nme of the dy tht lter ws given to Isrel s time of cesstion from norml ctivities (Ex. 6:29; 20:0-; Deut. 5:5; Jer. 7:2; Amos 8:5). 2:4 in the dy. The cretion week is not specified s single dy y this phrse; rther, without the rticle the, it mens t the time. the Lord. Lit., YHWH (proly pronounced Yhweh ), the most significnt nme for God in the OT. It hs twofold mening: the ctive, self-existent One (since the word is connected with the ver mening to e, Ex. :4); nd Isrel s Redeemer (Ex. 6:6). The nme occurs 6,82 times in the OT nd is especilly ssocited with God s holiness (Lev. :44-45), His htred of sin (Gen. 6:-7), nd His grcious provision of redemption (Is. 5:, 5, 6, 0). 2:5 This sentence my egin t verse 4: At the time the Lord God mde the erth nd the hevens, then no shru of the field ws s yet in the erth... The kind of plnts referred to here re those requiring cultivtion, which (though green plnts ppered the third dy, :-2) did not grow until fter there ws mn to tke cre of them. 2:6 mist. Proly cused y dily evportion nd condenstion, which occurred ecuse of the chnge in temperture etween dytime nd nighttime. Cf. note on :7. 2:7 Mn s ody ws formed from smll prticles of the erth (the Herew words for mn nd erth re similr; cf. Cor. 5:47), ut his life cme from the reth of God. living eing. I.e., living person. The phrse is lso used of nimls (:2, 24). Mn is distinguished from nimls y eing creted in the imge of God. 2:8 towrd the est, in Eden. Apprently somewhere in Mesopotmi (modern Irq), since two of the four rivers in its vicinity re the well-known Tigris nd Euphrtes (v. 4). Eden mens delight. 2:9 the tree of life... nd the tree of the knowledge of good nd evil were two ctul trees to which God gve specil significnce. 2: The exct loctions re not certin. 2:2 dellium. A precious gum resin. onyx. A nontrnsprent vriety of gte. 2:5-20 God told Adm to do four things: () cultivte the grden; (2) keep it, i.e., gurd its snctity; () et its fruit, except the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good nd evil ut pprently including the fruit of the tree of life; (4) nme the nimls. 2:8 helper suitle to him. I.e., his counterprt (cf. Cor. :9).

8 Genesis 2:20 6 the LORD God formed every est of the field nd every ird of the sky, nd rought them to the mn to see wht he would cll them; nd whtever the mn clled living creture, tht ws its nme. 20 The mn gve nmes to ll the cttle, nd to the irds of the sky, nd to every est of the field, ut for 2 Adm there ws not found helper suitle for him. 2 So the LORD God cused deep sleep to fll upon the mn, nd he slept; then He took one of his ris nd closed up the flesh t tht plce. 22 The LORD God fshioned into womn the ri which He hd tken from the mn, nd rought her to the mn. 2 The mn sid, This is now one of my ones, And flesh of my flesh; She shll e clled 2 Womn, Becuse she ws tken out of Mn. 24 For this reson mn shll leve his fther nd his mother, nd e joined to his wife; nd they shll ecome one flesh. 25 And the mn nd his wife were oth nked nd were not shmed. II. The Sin of Mn, :-24 A. The Tempttion, :-7 Now the serpent ws more crfty thn ny est of the field which the LORD God hd mde. And he sid to the womn, Indeed, hs God sid, You shll not et from ny tree of the grden? 2 The womn sid to the serpent, From the fruit of the trees of the grden we my et; ut from the fruit of the tree which is in the middle of the grden, God hs sid, You shll not et from it or touch it, or 9 Lit hevens Gen :26 20 Lit hevens 2 Or mn Lit corresponding to Gen 2:8 2 Gen 5:2 22 Lit uilt Cor :8, 9 2 Lit This one 2 He Ishshh He Ish Gen 29:4; Eph 5:28, Mtt 9:5; Mrk 0:7, 8; Cor 6:6; Eph 5: 25 Gen :7, 0, Chpter Or every 2 Cor :; Rev 2:9; 20:2 2 Gen 2:6, 7 4 John 8:44; 2 Cor : 5 Is 4:4; Ezek 28:2, Rom 5:2-9; Tim 2:4; Jmes :4, 5; John 2:6 7 Or girdles Is 47:; Lm :8 8 Lit wind, reeze Gen 8:; Lev 26:2; Deut 2:4 Jo :; Ps 9:-2; Hos 0:8; Amos 9:; Rev 6:5-7 9 Gen 4:9; 8:9 0 Ex 20:8, 9; Deut 5:25 2 Jo :; Prov 28: 2 Cor :; Tim 2:4 4 Deut 28:5-20 you will die. 4 The serpent sid to the womn, You surely will not die! 5 For God knows tht in the dy you et from it your eyes will e opened, nd you will e like God, knowing good nd evil. 6 When the womn sw tht the tree ws good for food, nd tht it ws delight to the eyes, nd tht the tree ws desirle to mke one wise, she took from its fruit nd te; nd she gve lso to her husnd with her, nd he te. 7 Then the eyes of oth of them were opened, nd they knew tht they were nked; nd they sewed fig leves together nd mde themselves loin coverings. B. The Judgments, : They herd the sound of the LORD God wlking in the grden in the cool of the dy, nd the mn nd his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God mong the trees of the grden. 9 Then the LORD God clled to the mn, nd sid to him, Where re you? 0 He sid, I herd the sound of You in the grden, nd I ws frid ecuse I ws nked; so I hid myself. And He sid, Who told you tht you were nked? Hve you eten from the tree of which I commnded you not to et? 2 The mn sid, The womn whom You gve to e with me, she gve me from the tree, nd I te. Then the LORD God sid to the womn, Wht is this you hve done? And the womn sid, The serpent deceived me, nd I te. 4 The LORD God sid to the serpent, Becuse you hve done this, cursed re you more thn ll cttle, And more thn every est of the field; on your elly you will go, 2:20 gve nmes. See note on :0. 2:2-22 ris. Though elsewhere the Herew word mens side, here it mens ri (nd doutless includes the surrounding flesh, cf. v. 2). The NT understnds this s ctul, fctul history. 2:2 Womn. He., ishshh, similr to ish (mn), reflecting the fct tht womn ws derived from mn (though the word itself my come from root mening to e soft ). 2:24 This verse emphsizes the complete identifiction of the two personlities in mrrige. The pssge tells us tht God instituted mrrige nd tht it is to e monogmous, heterosexul, nd the complete union of the two persons. Jesus dded tht it is to e permnent (cf. Mrk 0:7-9). 2:25 They felt no shme until they sinned (:7). : the serpent. Apprently eutiful creture, in its uncursed stte, tht Stn used in the tempttion. more crfty. I.e., clever, not in degrding sense t this point. he sid. Stn spoke through the serpent. Perhps Eve did not relize tht nimls could not spek; t ny rte, she ws not lrmed. from ny tree of the grden. The question ws designed to suggest tht God ws not good nd fir ecuse He restricted the eting of the fruit of one of the trees. :6 The three res of Eve s self-deception re in the sme ctegories of tempttion s those found in John 2:6. Eve ws deceived; Adm te knowingly (cf. Tim. 2:4). Their sin ws more thn merely eting foridden fruit; it ws disoeying the reveled word of God, elieving the lie of Stn, nd plcing their own wills ove God s. Sin, with ll its dredful consequences, now entered the humn rce nd the world in generl. See note on Rom. 5:2. :7 A keen sense of guilt immeditely followed the ct of sinning. :8 They hid themselves. Their intimte fellowship with God ws roken. :4 The entire niml kingdom ws ffected y mn s fll (cf.

9 7 And dust you will et All the dys of your life; 5 And I will put enmity Between you nd the womn, And etween your seed nd her seed; He shll ruise you on the hed, And you shll ruise him on the heel. 6 To the womn He sid, I will gretly multiply Your pin in childirth, In pin you will ring forth children; Yet your desire will e for your husnd, And he will rule over you. 7 Then to Adm He sid, Becuse you hve listened to the voice of your wife, nd hve eten from the tree out which I commnded you, sying, You shll not et from it ; Cursed is the ground ecuse of you; In toil you will et of it All the dys of your life. 8 Both thorns nd thistles it shll grow for you; And you will et the plnts of the field; 9 By the swet of your fce You will et red, till you return to the ground, Becuse from it you were tken; For you re dust, And to dust you shll return. 20 Now the mn clled his wife s nme Eve, ecuse she ws the mother of ll the living. 2 The LORD God mde grments of skin for Adm nd his wife, nd clothed them. 4 Is 65:25; Mic 7:7 5 Or crush Rev 2:7 Rom 6:20 6 Lit nd your pregnncy, conception John 6:2; Tim 2:5 Cor 4:4 7 Or sorrow Gen 5:29; Rom 8:20-22; He 6:8 Jo 5:7; 4:; Eccl 2:2 8 Lit plnt 9 Ps 90:; 04:29; Eccl 2:7 Gen 2:7 20 I.e. living; or life 2 Cor :; Tim 2: 22 Gen :26 Gen 2:9; Rev 22:4 24 Ezek : Gen 2:8 c Ex 25:8-22; Ps 04:4; Ezek 0:-20; He :7 d Gen 2:9 Chpter 4 Lit knew 2 I.e. gotten one Or mn, the LORD 2 Luke :50, 5 Gen 46:2; 47: Lit t the end of dys 4 He :4 Sm 5:22 5 Sm 6:7 Is :9; Jude 6 Jon 4:4 7 Or surely you will e ccepted Jer :2; Mic 7:8 Num 2:2 Genesis 4:7 22 Then the LORD God sid, Behold, the mn hs ecome like one of Us, knowing good nd evil; nd now, he might stretch out his hnd, nd tke lso from the tree of life, nd et, nd live forever 2 therefore the LORD God sent him out from the grden of Eden, to cultivte the ground from which he ws tken. 24 So He drove the mn out; nd t the est of the grden of Eden He sttioned the c cheruim nd the flming sword which turned every direction to gurd the wy to d the tree of life. III. The Beginnings of Civiliztion, 4:-5:2 A. Cin nd His Descendnts, 4:-24 4Now the mn hd reltions with his wife Eve, nd she conceived nd gve irth to 2 Cin, nd she sid, I hve gotten mnchild with the help of the LORD. 2 Agin, she gve irth to his rother Ael. And Ael ws keeper of flocks, ut Cin ws tiller of the ground. So it cme out in the course of time tht Cin rought n offering to the LORD of the fruit of the ground. 4 Ael, on his prt lso rought of the firstlings of his flock nd of their ft portions. And the LORD hd regrd for Ael nd for his offering; 5 ut for Cin nd for his offering He hd no regrd. So Cin ecme very ngry nd his countennce fell. 6 Then the LORD sid to Cin, Why re you ngry? And why hs your countennce fllen? 7 If you do well, will not your countennce e lifted up? And if you do not do well, Jer. 2:4; Rom. 8:20), ut the serpent s very form nd movements were ltered, nd he ws humled (dust you will et is symol of humilition, not n item of diet; cf. Mic. 7:7; Is. 65:25). :5 etween your seed (the spiritul descendnts of Stn; cf. John 8:44; Eph. 2:2) nd her seed (those who re in the fmily of God). He. An individul from mong the womn s seed, nmely, Christ, will del deth low to Stn s hed t the cross, while Stn (you) will ruise Christ s heel (cuse Him to suffer). :6 Women were condemned to suffer in childering. See note on Tim. 2:5. your desire my men tht the wife would hve deep ttrction to her husnd, perhps to compenste for the sorrow of childirth. Or this my men tht her desire would e to rule her husnd. See 4:7, where the sme word is used in this sense of ruling. he will rule over you. See Eph. 5:2. :7-9 Mn is condemned to exhusting lor in order to mke living, ecuse of curse on the ground. (Adm worked efore his fll.) :20 Eve = life or life-producer. :2 The grments of skin were God s provision for restoring Adm s nd Eve s fellowship with Himself nd imply slying of n niml in order to provide them. :22-24 Driving Adm nd Eve from the grden ws oth punishment nd n ct of mercy, lest they should et of the tree of life nd live forever in stte of deth nd liention. cheruim. Angels who gurd the holiness of God. See notes on Ezek. :5 nd Rev. 4:6. 4: hd reltions. Lit., knew. A common euphemism for sexul reltions. In Herew, Cin (qyin) nd I hve gotten (qniti) represent ply on words. The mening of Cin is proly sper. 4:2 Ael mens reth or vnity, reflecting perhps Eve s understnding of the import of the curse (Rom. 8:20). 4:-4 of the fruit of the ground. A loodless offering ws not necessrily inpproprite (cf. Lev. 2:, 4, 4, 5); it ws Cin s ttitude of unelief tht displesed God. See note on He. :4. ft ws the richest prt of the niml. 4:7 Cin is promised restored fellowship if he does well; ut, if not, the effects of sin re redy to pounce (is crouching) on him. Sin is pictured s demon redy to pounce on Cin to enslve him.

10 Genesis 4:8 8 sin is crouching t the door; nd its desire is for you, c ut you must mster it. 8 Cin told Ael his rother. And it cme out when they were in the field, tht Cin rose up ginst Ael his rother nd killed him. 9 Then the LORD sid to Cin, Where is Ael your rother? And he sid, I do not know. Am I my rother s keeper? 0 He sid, Wht hve you done? The voice of your rother s lood is crying to Me from the ground. Now you re cursed from the ground, which hs opened its mouth to receive your rother s lood from your hnd. 2 When you cultivte the ground, it will no longer yield its strength to you; you will e vgrnt nd wnderer on the erth. Cin sid to the LORD, My punishment is too gret to er! 4 Behold, You hve driven me this dy from the fce of the ground; nd from Your fce I will e hidden, nd I will e vgrnt nd wnderer on the erth, nd c whoever finds me will kill me. 5 So the LORD sid to him, Therefore whoever kills Cin, vengence will e tken on him sevenfold. And the LORD ppointed sign for Cin, so tht no one finding him would sly him. 6 Then Cin went out from the presence of the LORD, nd settled in the lnd of 2 Nod, est of Eden. 7 Cin hd reltions with his wife nd she conceived, nd gve irth to Enoch; nd he uilt city, nd clled the nme of the city Enoch, fter the nme of his son. 8 Now to Enoch ws orn Ird, nd Ird ecme the fther of Mehujel, nd Mehujel ecme the fther of Methushel, nd Methushel ecme the fther of Lmech. 9 Lmech 7 c Jo :4, 5; Rom 6:2, 6 8 Lit sid to Mtt 2:5; Luke :5; John :2-5; Jude 9 Gen :9 0 Num 5:; Deut 2:-9; He 2:24; Rev 6:9, 0 Gen :4; Deut 28:5-20; Gl :0 2 Deut 28:5-24; Joel :0-20 Lev 26:7, 6 4 Gen :24; Jer 52: Deut 28:64-67 c Num 5:9 5 Or set mrk on Gen 4:24 Ezek 9:4, 6 6 Lit dwelt 2 I.e. wndering 2 Kin 24:20; Jer 2:9; 52: 7 Lit knew 8 Lit egot 9 Gen 2:24 2 Or kill Ex 20:; Lev 9:8; Deut 2:5; Ps 94: 24 Gen 4:5 25 Lit knew 2 He Sheth He shth 4 Lit seed Gen 5: Gen 4:8 26 Or y Luke :8 Gen 2:8; 26:25; Kin 8:24; Ps 6:7; Joel 2:2; Zeph :9; Cor :2 Chpter 5 Gen :26, 27; Eph 4:24; Col :0 2 Lit Adm Mtt 9:4; Mrk 0:6 Gen :28 took to himself two wives: the nme of the one ws Adh, nd the nme of the other, Zillh. 20 Adh gve irth to Jl; he ws the fther of those who dwell in tents nd hve livestock. 2 His rother s nme ws Jul; he ws the fther of ll those who ply the lyre nd pipe. 22 As for Zillh, she lso gve irth to Tul-cin, the forger of ll implements of ronze nd iron; nd the sister of Tul-cin ws Nmh. 2 Lmech sid to his wives, Adh nd Zillh, Listen to my voice, You wives of Lmech, Give heed to my speech, For I hve killed mn for wounding me; And oy for striking me; 24 If Cin is venged sevenfold, then Lmech seventy-sevenfold. B. Seth, 4: Adm hd reltions with his wife gin; nd she gve irth to son, nd nmed him 2 Seth, for, she sid, God hs ppointed me nother 4 offspring in plce of Ael, for Cin killed him. 26 To Seth, to him lso son ws orn; nd he clled his nme Enosh. Then men egn to cll upon the nme of the LORD. C. Adm to Noh, 5:-2 5This is the ook of the genertions of Adm. In the dy when God creted mn, He mde him in the likeness of God. 2 He creted them mle nd femle, nd He lessed them nd nmed them Mn in the dy when they were creted. 4:8 See John :2. 4:9 Cin s response ws n outright lie nd showed indifference to the murder he hd committed. 4:0 your rother s lood is crying to Me. I.e., for vengence. 4:5 And the Lord ppointed sign for Cin. Not some kind of mrk on Cin, ut sign to ressure him of God s grcious protection of his life. 4:6 Nod mens wndering, exile. It ws n re est of Eden. 4:7 his wife. Oviously dughter of Adm (cf. 5:4). She my hve een Cin s sister, niece, or even grndniece. Since Adm s nd Eve s genetic systems hd no mutnt genes in them, such mrrige would not e dngerous s it is tody. Enoch mens consecrtion or initition, new eginning for Cin. city. Lit., permnent settlement, perhps n ttempt on Cin s prt to neutrlize God s curse on him (v. 2). This ws not necessrily the first city or settlement. 4:9 This igmy ws the first recorded violtion of God s pttern of monogmy. 4:2-24 Lmech hd killed someone who tried to kill him; now he ws osting tht if nyone should try to venge the murder he would tke cre of himself seventy-sevenfold without ny help from God such s Cin received. 4:25 Seth mens the ppointed one, the sustitute (for slin Ael). 5: This is the ook... Cf. 2:4; 6:9; 0:; :0, 27; 25:2, 9; 6:; 7:2 for other occurrences of this phrse. It my refer to the written source tht Moses used in composing Genesis. In the dy. Better, At the time (cf. 2:4).

11 9 When Adm hd lived one hundred nd thirty yers, he ecme the fther of son in his own likeness, ccording to his imge, nd nmed him Seth. 4 Then the dys of Adm fter he ecme the fther of Seth were eight hundred yers, nd he hd other sons nd dughters. 5 So ll the dys tht Adm lived were nine hundred nd thirty yers, nd he died. 6 Seth lived one hundred nd five yers, nd ecme the fther of Enosh. 7 Then Seth lived eight hundred nd seven yers fter he ecme the fther of Enosh, nd he hd other sons nd dughters. 8 So ll the dys of Seth were nine hundred nd twelve yers, nd he died. 9 Enosh lived ninety yers, nd ecme the fther of Kenn. 0 Then Enosh lived eight hundred nd fifteen yers fter he ecme the fther of Kenn, nd he hd other sons nd dughters. So ll the dys of Enosh were nine hundred nd five yers, nd he died. 2 Kenn lived seventy yers, nd ecme the fther of Mhllel. Then Kenn lived eight hundred nd forty yers fter he ecme the fther of Mhllel, nd he hd other sons nd dughters. 4 So ll the dys of Kenn were nine hundred nd ten yers, nd he died. 5 Mhllel lived sixty-five yers, nd Lit egot, nd so throughout the ch 22 Gen 6:9; 7:; 24:40; 48:5; Mic 6:8; Ml 2:6; Thess 2: Kin 2:; Jude 4 2 Kin 2:0; Ps 49:5; 7:24; He :5 Genesis 5:27 ecme the fther of Jred. 6 Then Mhllel lived eight hundred nd thirty yers fter he ecme the fther of Jred, nd he hd other sons nd dughters. 7 So ll the dys of Mhllel were eight hundred nd ninety-five yers, nd he died. 8 Jred lived one hundred nd sixty-two yers, nd ecme the fther of Enoch. 9 Then Jred lived eight hundred yers fter he ecme the fther of Enoch, nd he hd other sons nd dughters. 20 So ll the dys of Jred were nine hundred nd sixty-two yers, nd he died. 2 Enoch lived sixty-five yers, nd ecme the fther of Methuselh. 22 Then Enoch wlked with God three hundred yers fter he ecme the fther of Methuselh, nd he hd other sons nd dughters. 2 So ll the dys of Enoch were three hundred nd sixty-five yers. 24 Enoch wlked with God; nd he ws not, for God took him. 25 Methuselh lived one hundred nd eighty-seven yers, nd ecme the fther of Lmech. 26 Then Methuselh lived seven hundred nd eighty-two yers fter he ecme the fther of Lmech, nd he hd other sons nd dughters. 27 So ll the dys of Methuselh were nine hundred nd sixty-nine yers, nd he died. THE AGES OF THE PATRIARCHS Adm Seth Enosh Kenn Mhllel 90 yers 92 yers 905 yers 90 yers 895 yers Jred Enoch Methuselh Lmech Noh 962 yers 65 yers 969 yers 777 yers 950 yers 5: his own likeness. Now sinful, in contrst to Gen. :26. Ech reference to ptrirch gives four detils: () his nme, (2) his ge t the irth of his first son, () the length of his remining life, nd (4) his ge t deth. There re vritions in the cses of Adm (v. ), Enoch (vv. 22, 24), nd Lmech (vv ). The longevity of the ptrirchs (verging 92 yers, not including Enoch who did not die) my hve een due to the vpor cnopy (see note on :7), which ws not dispersed until the Flood, or simply to the fct tht it took some time for the effects of sin to shorten mn s life spn. If there re no gps in this chronology, then,656 yers elpsed etween cretion nd the Flood. It is likely, however, tht the genelogy is selective, resulting in gps in the list nd pushing the dte of cretion frther ck. 5:22-24 Enoch is n exception to the disml refrin ( nd he died ) of this chpter. He wlked (lit., wlked out, i.e., lived) with God, nd insted of letting him die, God took him (the sme Herew word is used for the trnsltion of Elijh, 2 Kings 2:, 5; cf. He. :5). In other words, Enoch went directly to heven without dying, s will elievers who re live t the Rpture ( Thess. 4:7). See lso note on Jude 4.

12 Genesis 5: Lmech lived one hundred nd eightytwo yers, nd ecme the fther of son. 29 Now he clled his nme Noh, sying, This one will give us rest from our work nd from the toil of our hnds rising from the ground which the LORD hs cursed. 0 Then Lmech lived five hundred nd ninety-five yers fter he ecme the fther of Noh, nd he hd other sons nd dughters. So ll the dys of Lmech were seven hundred nd seventyseven yers, nd he died. 2 Noh ws five hundred yers old, nd Noh ecme the fther of Shem, Hm, nd Jpheth. IV. The History of Noh, 6:-9:29 A. The Cuses of the Flood, 6:- 6Now it cme out, when men egn to multiply on the fce of the lnd, nd dughters were orn to them, 2 tht the sons of God sw tht the dughters of men were eutiful; nd they took wives for themselves, whomever they chose. Then the LORD sid, My Spirit shll not strive with mn forever, 2 ecuse he lso is flesh; nevertheless his dys shll e one hundred nd twenty yers. 4 The Nephilim were on the erth in those dys, nd lso fterwrd, when the sons of God cme in to the dughters of men, nd they ore children to them. Those were the mighty men who were of old, men of renown. 29 Lit comfort us in Gen :7-9; 4: 2 Gen 7:6 Chpter 6 2 Lit good Or rule in; some ncient versions red ide in 2 Or in his going stry he is flesh Or therefore Gl 5:6, 7; Pet :20 Ps 78:9 4 Num : 5 Gen 8:2; Ps 4:-; Prov 6:8; Mtt 5:9; Rom : Lit to Gen 6:7; Jer 8:7-0 Is 6:0; Eph 4:0 7 Lit hevens Deut 28:6; 29:20 Gen 6:6; Amos 7:, 6 8 Mtt 24:7; Luke 7:26; Pet :20 Gen 9:9; Ex :7; Luke :0 9 Lit complete, perfect; or hving integrity 2 Lit genertions Ps 7:9; 2 Pet 2:5 Gen 7:; Deut 8:; Jo : c Gen 5:24 0 Lit egot Deut :29; Judg 2:9 Ezek 8:7 2 Ps 4:- Is 4:-4; Ezek 7:2, ; Amos 8:2; Pet 4:7 4 Or pitch 5 Then the LORD sw tht the wickedness of mn ws gret on the erth, nd tht every intent of the thoughts of his hert ws only evil continully. 6 The LORD ws sorry tht He hd mde mn on the erth, nd He ws grieved in His hert. 7 The LORD sid, I will lot out mn whom I hve creted from the fce of the lnd, from mn to nimls to creeping things nd to irds of the sky; for I m sorry tht I hve mde them. 8 But Noh found fvor in the eyes of the LORD. 9 These re the records of the genertions of Noh. Noh ws righteous mn, lmeless in his 2 time; Noh c wlked with God. 0 Noh ecme the fther of three sons: Shem, Hm, nd Jpheth. Now the erth ws corrupt in the sight of God, nd the erth ws filled with violence. 2 God looked on the erth, nd ehold, it ws corrupt; for ll flesh hd corrupted their wy upon the erth. Then God sid to Noh, The end of ll flesh hs come efore Me; for the erth is filled with violence ecuse of them; nd ehold, I m out to destroy them with the erth. B. The Course of the Flood, 6:4-8:9 4 Mke for yourself n rk of gopher wood; you shll mke the rk with rooms, nd shll cover it inside nd out with pitch. 5 This is how you shll mke it: the length of the rk 5:29 will give us rest. I.e., y preserving remnnt in the rk. Christ would eventully come nd give ultimte victory over the curse. 6: The erth s popultion grew rpidly ecuse of humn longevity. 6:2 the sons of God. Possily () the godly line of Seth, (2) un godly kings nd kinglets of tht dy, or, more likely, () group of fllen ngels who, ecuse of this unique sin, were confined. See notes on 2 Peter 2:4 nd Jude 6. The phrse sons of God is used in the OT lmost exclusively of ngels (Jo :6; 2:; 8:7). they took wives for themselves. Angels do not procrete fter their kind (Mrk 2:25), ut if these were ngels, they did on this unique occsion cohit with humn women to produce humn offspring. 6: My Spirit shll not strive with mn forever. Two interprettions re possile: () the reference is to the Holy Spirit striving in the sense of judging or executing judgment on mnkind for its sinfulness; (2) the humn spirit tht God plced in humn eings would not lwys ide (i.e., mnkind ws doomed to deth). God would give mn 20 yers efore the judgment of the Flood would fll. 6:4 Nephilim. From root mening to fll ; i.e., to fll upon others ecuse these individuls were men of strength (only other use of this Herew word is in Num. :). Evidently they were in the erth efore the mrriges of Gen. 6:2 nd were not the offspring of those mrriges from which cme the mighty men (militry men) nd men of renown (of welth or power). 6:8 fvor or grce. He., chen, from root mening to end or stoop, thus condescending or unmerited fvor of superior person to n inferior one. It is sometimes used redemptively (Jer. :2; Zech. 2:0). This is its first occurrence. Cf. the note on lovingkindness (the other OT word for grce) on Hos. 2:9. 6:9 righteous... lmeless I.e., mture or well-rounded, though not sinless. 6:4 gopher wood. Proly cypress or cedr. 6:5 Although we do not know for certin the length of the cuit mentioned here, lter in history it ws out 8 in. See note on 2 Chron. 2:0. A vessel of such dimensions would hve displcement of out 20,000 tons nd gross tonnge of out 4,000 tons. Its crrying cpcity equled tht of 522 stndrd rilrod stock crs (ech of which cn hold 240 sheep). Only 88 crs would e required to hold 45,000 sheep-sized nimls, leving three trins of 04 crs ech for food, Noh s fmily, nd rnge for the nimls. Tody it is estimted tht there re 7,600 species of nimls, mking 45,000 likely pproximtion of the numer Noh might hve tken into the rk.

13 three hundred cuits, its redth fifty cuits, nd its height thirty cuits. 6 You shll mke window for the rk, nd finish it to cuit from 2 the top; nd set the door of the rk in the side of it; you shll mke it with lower, second, nd third decks. 7 Behold, I, even I m ringing the flood of wter upon the erth, to destroy ll flesh in which is the reth of life, from under heven; everything tht is on the erth shll perish. 8 But I will estlish My covennt with you; nd you shll enter the rk you nd your sons nd your wife, nd your sons wives with you. 9 And of every living thing of ll flesh, you shll ring two of every kind into the rk, to keep them live with you; they shll e mle nd femle. 20 Of the irds fter their kind, nd of the nimls fter their kind, of every creeping thing of the ground fter its kind, two of every kind will come to you to keep them live. 2 As for you, tke for yourself some of ll food which is edile, nd gther it to yourself; nd it shll e for food for you nd for them. 22 Thus Noh did; ccording to ll tht God hd commnded 7him, so he did. Then the LORD sid to Noh, Enter the rk, you nd ll your household, for you lone I hve seen to e righteous efore Me in this time. 2 You shll tke with you of every clen niml 2 y sevens, mle nd his femle; nd of the nimls tht re not clen two, mle nd his femle; lso of the irds of the sky, 2 y sevens, mle nd femle, to keep offspring live on the fce of ll the erth. 4 For fter seven more dys, I will send rin on the erth forty dys nd forty nights; nd I will lot out from the fce of the lnd c every living thing tht I hve mde. 5 Noh did ccording to ll tht the LORD hd commnded him. 6 Now Noh ws six hundred yers old when the flood of wter cme upon the erth. 7 Then Noh nd his sons nd his wife nd his 5 I.e. One cuit equls pprox 8 in. 6 Or roof 2 Lit ove 7 2 Pet 2:5 8 Gen 9:9-6; 7:7 Gen 7:7 9 Gen 7:2, 4, 5 20 Gen 7: 2 Gen :29, 0 22 Gen 7:5; He :7 Chpter 7 Lit genertion Gen 6:9 2 Lit to 2 Lit seven seven Lev :-; Deut 4:-20 Lit hevens 2 Lit seven seven Lit seed 4 Gen 7:0 Gen 7:2, 7 c Gen 6:7, 5 Gen 6:22 6 Lit ws Gen 5:2 7 Gen 6:8; 7:; Mtt 24:8f; Luke 7:27 8 Gen 6:9, 20; 7:2, 9 Lit two two 0 Lit were Gen 7:4 Or windows of the hevens Gen 7:6 Gen 8:2 2 Lit ws Gen 7:4, 7 Gen 6:8; 7:7 4 Lit its 2 Lit every ird, every wing 5 Gen 6:9; 7:9 7 Lit ws Gen 7:4 8 Lit went 2 Lit fce 9 Lit which were under ll the hevens 20 I.e. One cuit equls pprox 8 in. Gen 8:4 2 Or crept Gen 6:7,, 7; 7:4 22 Gen 2:7 Genesis 7:22 sons wives with him entered the rk ecuse of the wter of the flood. 8 Of clen nimls nd nimls tht re not clen nd irds nd everything tht creeps on the ground, 9 there went into the rk to Noh y twos, mle nd femle, s God hd commnded Noh. 0 It cme out fter the seven dys, tht the wter of the flood cme upon the erth. In the six hundredth yer of Noh s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth dy of the month, on the sme dy ll the fountins of the gret deep urst open, nd the floodgtes of the sky were opened. 2 The rin fell upon the erth for forty dys nd forty nights. On the very sme dy Noh nd Shem nd Hm nd Jpheth, the sons of Noh, nd Noh s wife nd the three wives of his sons with them, entered the rk, 4 they nd every est fter its kind, nd ll the cttle fter their kind, nd every creeping thing tht creeps on the erth fter its kind, nd every ird fter its kind, 2 ll sorts of irds. 5 So they went into the rk to Noh, y twos of ll flesh in which ws the reth of life. 6 Those tht entered, mle nd femle of ll flesh, entered s God hd commnded him; nd the LORD closed it ehind him. 7 Then the flood cme upon the erth for forty dys, nd the wter incresed nd lifted up the rk, so tht it rose ove the erth. 8 The wter previled nd incresed gretly upon the erth, nd the rk floted on the 2 surfce of the wter. 9 The wter previled more nd more upon the erth, so tht ll the high mountins everywhere under the hevens were covered. 20 The wter previled fifteen cuits higher, nd the mountins were covered. 2 All flesh tht moved on the erth perished, irds nd cttle nd ests nd every swrming thing tht swrms upon the erth, nd ll mnkind; 22 of ll tht ws on the dry lnd, ll in whose nostrils ws the reth of 6:6 window (or opening). A spce for light nd ir, mesuring cuit in height nd running like gllery round the top edge of the rk. 6:7 Though mny do not elieve in worldwide flood, this verse indictes tht it ws (see lso 7:9 nd 2 Peter :6). 7:2 clen... not clen. Here the distinction hd to do with scrifice (cf. 8:20), lter with eting (Lev. ; Deut. 4). sevens. Lit., seven seven, which my men seven pirs of the clen nimls, or it my indicte three pirs plus one extr. 7:4 The durtion of the rin ssumes vst store of moisture suspended ove the erth. See note on :7. 7: the fountins of the gret deep. Suterrnen wters, s well s rin, contriuted to the Flood. 7:9 under the hevens. Better, under ll the hevens. The phrse indictes universl flood rther thn locl one. The promise of 9:, 5 confirms this. There re more thn 270 flood stories from ll prts of the world (see lso 2 Peter 2:5; :6; Mtt. 24:7-9).

14 Genesis 7:2 2 the spirit of life, died. 2 Thus He lotted out every living thing tht ws upon the fce of the lnd, from mn to nimls to creeping things nd to irds of the 2 sky, nd they were lotted out from the erth; nd only Noh ws left, together with those tht were with him in the rk. 24 The wter previled upon 8the erth one hundred nd fifty dys. But God rememered Noh nd ll the ests nd ll the cttle tht were with him in the rk; nd God cused wind to pss over the erth, nd the wter susided. 2 Also the fountins of the deep nd the floodgtes of the sky were closed, nd the rin from the sky ws restrined; nd the wter receded stedily from the erth, nd t the end of one hundred nd fifty dys the wter decresed. 4 In the seventh month, on the seventeenth dy of the month, the rk rested upon the mountins of Arrt. 5 The wter decresed stedily until the tenth month; in the tenth month, on the first dy of the month, the tops of the mountins ecme visile. 6 Then it cme out t the end of forty dys, tht Noh opened the window of the rk which he hd mde; 7 nd he sent out rven, nd it flew here nd there until the wter ws dried up 2 from the erth. 8 Then he sent out dove from him, to see if the wter ws ted from the fce of the lnd; 9 ut the dove found no resting plce for the sole of her foot, so she returned to him into the rk, for the wter ws on the surfce of ll the erth. Then he put out his hnd nd took her, nd rought her into the rk to himself. 0 So he wited yet nother seven dys; nd gin he sent out the dove from the rk. The dove cme to him towrd evening, nd ehold, in her 2 ek ws freshly picked olive lef. So Noh knew tht 2 Lit ll existence 2 Lit hevens Mtt 24:8, 9; Luke 7:26, 27; He :7; Pet :20; 2 Pet 2:5 24 Gen 8: Chpter 8 Gen 9:29; Ex 2:24; Sm :9; Ps 05:42 Ex 4:2; 5:0; Jo 2:5; Ps 29:0; Is 44:27; Nh :4 2 Or windows of the hevens Gen 7: Gen 7:4, 2 Gen 7:24 4 Gen 7:20 6 Gen 6:6 7 Lit went out, going nd returning 2 Lit from upon 9 Lit fce Lit the time of evening 2 Lit mouth 2 Jer 48:28 Lit from upon 2 Lit fce Gen 7:6 7 Or swrm Gen :22, 28 9 Or ccording to their kind 20 Gen 2:7, 8; :8; 22:9 Gen 7:2; Lev :- 47 c Gen 22:2; Ex 0:25 2 Lit to His hert 2 Or inclintion Lit smite Ex 29:8, 25 Gen :7; 6:7,, 7; Is 54:9 c Gen 6:5; Ps 5:5; Jer 7:9; Rom :2; :2; Eph 2:- d Gen 9:, 5 22 Ps 74:7 Jer :20, 25 the wter ws ted from the erth. 2 Then he wited yet nother seven dys, nd sent out the dove; ut she did not return to him gin. Now it cme out in the six hundred nd first yer, in the first month, on the first of the month, the wter ws dried up from the erth. Then Noh removed the covering of the rk, nd looked, nd ehold, the 2 surfce of the ground ws dried up. 4 In the second month, on the twenty-seventh dy of the month, the erth ws dry. 5 Then God spoke to Noh, sying, 6 Go out of the rk, you nd your wife nd your sons nd your sons wives with you. 7 Bring out with you every living thing of ll flesh tht is with you, irds nd nimls nd every creeping thing tht creeps on the erth, tht they my reed undntly on the erth, nd e fruitful nd multiply on the erth. 8 So Noh went out, nd his sons nd his wife nd his sons wives with him. 9 Every est, every creeping thing, nd every ird, everything tht moves on the erth, went out y their fmilies from the rk. C. The Events After the Flood, 8:20-9:29 20 Then Noh uilt n ltr to the LORD, nd took of every clen niml nd of every clen ird nd offered c urnt offerings on the ltr. 2 The LORD smelled the soothing rom; nd the LORD sid to Himself, I will never gin curse the ground on ccount of mn, for c the 2 intent of mn s hert is evil from his youth; d nd I will never gin destroy every living thing, s I hve done. 22 While the erth remins, Seedtime nd hrvest, And cold nd het, And summer nd winter, And dy nd night Shll not cese. 7:24 The wters reched their highest point fter 50 dys, which period included the 40 dys of constnt rin (v. 2). 8: rememered. Not mere recll, ut thinking out with loving concern. 8: one hundred nd fifty dys. The sme period referred to in 7:24. 8:4 Tody Mount Arrt rises out 7,000 feet ove se level, though the reference here is to the mountins of Arrt, which indictes rnge of mountins, not necessrily prticulr pek. The rk rested on lnd 74 dys fter the end of the 50 dys (cf. 7:). 8:7 The rven, scvenger, would hve no troule finding food nd no qulms out perching on ny slimy surfce, so it pprently did not return to the rk. 8:8-9 The dove would not light in unclen plces, so it returned to the rk. 8:4 Noh nd his fmily were in the rk 77 dys (nerly 54 weeks). 8:7 the erth, rdiclly ffected y the Flood, confronted Noh with more hostile environment. Longevity ws decresed, hitle lnd res reduced, ocens mde more extensive, the crust of the erth mde unstle nd suject to seismic ctivity, nd the lnd lid rren. 8:2 The Lord smelled the soothing rom. Lit., smell of stisfction. God ws plesed with Noh s offerings.

15 9And God lessed Noh nd his sons nd sid to them, Be fruitful nd multiply, nd fill the erth. 2 The fer of you nd the terror of you will e on every est of the erth nd on every ird of the sky; with everything tht creeps on the ground, nd ll the fish of the se, into your hnd they re given. Every moving thing tht is live shll e food for you; I give ll to you, s I gve the green plnt. 4 Only you shll not et flesh with its life, tht is, its lood. 5 Surely I will require your lifelood; 2 from every est I will require it. And 2 from every mn, 2 from every mn s rother I will require the life of mn. 6 Whoever sheds mn s lood, By mn his lood shll e shed, For in the imge of God He mde mn. 7 As for you, e fruitful nd multiply; Populte the erth undntly nd multiply in it. 8 Then God spoke to Noh nd to his sons with him, sying, 9 Now ehold, I Myself do estlish My covennt with you, nd with your descendnts fter you; 0 nd with every living creture tht is with you, the irds, the cttle, nd every est of the erth with you; of ll tht comes out of the rk, even every est of the erth. I estlish My covennt with you; nd ll flesh shll never gin e cut off y the wter of the flood, neither shll there gin e flood to destroy the erth. 2 God sid, This is the sign of the covennt which I m mking etween Me nd you nd every living creture tht is with you, for ll successive genertions; I set My ow in Chpter 9 Gen :28; 9:7 2 Lit hevens Gen :29 4 Lev 7:26f; 7:0-6; 9:26; Deut 2:6, 2; 5:2; Sm 4:4; Acts 5:20, 29 5 Lit your lood of your lives 2 Lit from the hnd of Ex 20:; 2:2 Ex 2:28, 29 6 Ex 2:2-4; Lev 24:7; Num 5:; Mtt 26:52 Gen :26, 27 7 Lit Swrm in the erth Gen 9: 9 Lit seed Gen 6:8 Gen 8:2 Is 54:9 2 Or everlsting genertions Gen 9:, 7; 7: Ezek :28 5 Lev 26:42, 45; Deut 7:9; Ezek 6:60 Gen 9: 6 Gen 7:, 9; 2 Sm 2:5 8 Gen 9:25-27; 0:6 9 Lit scttered Gen 9:, 7; 0:2; Chr :4 20 Lit to e frmer 2 Prov 20: 22 H 2:5 2 Lit ckwrd 25 I.e. The lowest of servnts Deut 27:6 Josh 9:2 Genesis 9:25 the cloud, nd it shll e for sign of covennt etween Me nd the erth. 4 It shll come out, when I ring cloud over the erth, tht the ow will e seen in the cloud, 5 nd I will rememer My covennt, which is etween Me nd you nd every living creture of ll flesh; nd never gin shll the wter ecome flood to destroy ll flesh. 6 When the ow is in the cloud, then I will look upon it, to rememer the everlsting covennt etween God nd every living creture of ll flesh tht is on the erth. 7 And God sid to Noh, This is the sign of the covennt which I hve estlished etween Me nd ll flesh tht is on the erth. 8 Now the sons of Noh who cme out of the rk were Shem nd Hm nd Jpheth; nd Hm ws the fther of Cnn. 9 These three were the sons of Noh, nd from these the whole erth ws populted. 20 Then Noh egn frming nd plnted vineyrd. 2 He drnk of the wine nd ecme drunk, nd uncovered himself inside his tent. 22 Hm, the fther of Cnn, sw the nkedness of his fther, nd told his two rothers outside. 2 But Shem nd Jpheth took grment nd lid it upon oth their shoulders nd wlked ckwrd nd covered the nkedness of their fther; nd their fces were turned wy, so tht they did not see their fther s nkedness. 24 When Noh woke from his wine, he knew wht his youngest son hd done to him. 25 So he sid, Cursed e Cnn; A servnt of servnts He shll e to his rothers. 8:22 Estlishing the sesons mkes nture predictle. 9:2-4 fer nd terror now supplnt the previous hrmony etween mn nd nimls. God now snctions n niml diet for mn, s long s it is not eten with lood (cf. Lev. 7:0). 9:5-6 Homicide (which in sense is lwys frtricide, v. 5) demnds punishment tht mtches the crime. The justifiction for cpitl punishment, here estlished, is the noility of humn life, which is mde in the imge of God. Thus murder shows contempt for God s well s for one s fellow mn. See Rom. :4, where government is given the power of life or deth. 9: My (rin) ow. Likely new phenomenon due to the chnged tmospheric nd cloud conditions fter the Flood. It serves s the sign of God s covennt never gin to send universlly destructive flood. 9:2 Though this is the first use of the word wine in the Bile, it ws not the first occsion of drinking (Mtt. 24:8), so Noh must hve known the effects of drinking. Proly Noh s ecoming wrm from the wine cused him to uncover himself. 9:22 Hm... sw. Lit., gzed with stisfction. By contrst, Shem nd Jpheth showed respect for their fther y covering him (v. 2). 9:25 Cursed e Cnn. Whether Cnn ws personlly involved with his fther Hm s sin we do not know (he might hve seen Noh s condition first nd then told his fther). But Hm is punished for his dishonor to his fther y hving son who would ring dishonor to him. The curse is not on the Hmites, ut on the Cnnites, the inhitnts of Plestine who were first sujected y Joshu nd lter y Solomon (cf. Kings 9:20-2). The Cnnites long go ecme extinct; the curse, therefore, cnnot e pplied to nyone tody.

16 Genesis 9: He lso sid, Blessed e the LORD, the God of Shem; And let Cnn e his servnt. 27 My God enlrge Jpheth, And let him dwell in the tents of Shem; And let Cnn e his servnt. 28 Noh lived three hundred nd fifty yers fter the flood. 29 So ll the dys of Noh were nine hundred nd fifty yers, nd he died. V. The Descendnts of Noh nd the Tower of Bel, 0:-:26 A. The Sons of Jpheth, 0:-5 Now these re the records of the genertions of Shem, Hm, nd Jpheth, 0 the sons of Noh; nd sons were orn to them fter the flood. 2 The sons of Jpheth were Gomer nd Mgog nd c Mdi nd d Jvn nd Tul nd e Meshech nd Tirs. The sons of Gomer were Ashkenz nd Riphth nd Togrmh. 4 The sons of Jvn were Elishh nd Trshish, Kittim nd Dodnim. 5 From these the costlnds of the ntions were seprted into their lnds, every one ccording to his lnguge, ccording to their fmilies, into their ntions. B. The Sons of Hm, 0: The sons of Hm were Cush nd Mizrim nd Put nd Cnn. 7 The sons of Cush were Se nd Hvilh nd Sth nd Rmh nd Stec; nd the sons of Rmh were She nd c Dedn. 8 Now Cush ecme the fther of Nimrod; he 2 ecme mighty one on the erth. 9 He ws mighty hunter efore the LORD; therefore it is sid, Like Nimrod mighty hunter efore the LORD. 0 The eginning of his kingdom ws Bel nd Erech nd Accd nd Clneh, in the lnd of Shinr. From tht lnd he went forth into Assyri, nd uilt Nin- 26 Or their Gen 4:20; 24:27 27 Or their Gen 0:2-5; Is 66:9 Chpter 0 2 Chr :5-7 Ezek 8:2, 6 c 2 Kin 7:6 d Is 66:9 e Ezek 8:2 I.e. In Chr :6, Diphth Jer 5:27 Ezek 27:4 4 I.e. In Chr :7, Rodnim Ezek 27:2, 25 5 Or seprted themselves 6 Chr :8-0 7 Is 4: Ezek 27:22 c Ezek 27:5, 20 8 Lit egot 2 Lit egn to e 0 Or Bylon Gen :9 Gen :2; 4: Mic 5:6 Lit egot Jer 46:9 4 Chr :2 5 Lit egot Chr :; Jer 47:4 Gen 2: 6 Gen 5:9-2 9 Lit ws Num 4:2-2 Gen 4:2, 2 Or the rother of Jpheth the elder eveh nd Rehooth-Ir nd Clh, 2 nd Resen etween Nineveh nd Clh; tht is the gret city. Mizrim ecme the fther of Ludim nd Anmim nd Lehim nd Nphtuhim 4 nd Pthrusim nd Csluhim (from which cme the Philistines) nd Cphtorim. 5 Cnn ecme the fther of Sidon, his firstorn, nd Heth 6 nd the Jeusite nd the Amorite nd the Girgshite 7 nd the Hivite nd the Arkite nd the Sinite 8 nd the Arvdite nd the Zemrite nd the Hmthite; nd fterwrd the fmilies of the Cnnite were spred rod. 9 The territory of the Cnnite extended from Sidon s you go towrd Gerr, s fr s Gz; s you go towrd Sodom nd Gomorrh nd Admh nd Zeoiim, s fr s Lsh. 20 These re the sons of Hm, ccording to their fmilies, ccording to their lnguges, y their lnds, y their ntions. C. The Sons of Shem, 0:2-2 2 Also to Shem, the fther of ll the children of Eer, nd the older rother of Jpheth, NATIONS OF GENESIS 0 C A N A A N Arvdites Zemrites Arkites Sinites Sidonins Amorites Hmthites Hethites Hivites Jeusites Girgshites 9:26 Yhweh will e Shem s God nd Shem s lessing. (Jews re of Semitic from Shem descent.) 9:27 The descendnts of Jpheth (which mens enlrgement ) would spred throughout the erth nd prosper. dwell in the tents of Shem mens tht spiritul lessings will come to the Jphethites through the God of the Semites. 0: All the people of the world since the Flood hve descended from the three sons of Noh (cf. Acts 7:26). 0:2-5 These verses list the descendnts of Jpheth, who settled in n re tht stretched cross Eursi from the Blck Se nd Cspin Se to Spin. Gomer. Estern prt of Turkey. See note on Ezek. 8:5-6. Mgog. Are now occupied y Russi. See note on Ezek. 8:2. Trshish. S of Spin. See note on Jonh :. 0:6-20 These verses detil Hm s descendnts, who went to Afric nd lter spred W long the Mediterrnen cost of N Afric. 0:0- Nimrod s ctivities centered first in Shinr (Byloni) nd included uilding the tower of Bel, descried in :-9; then he went to Assyri (cf. Mic. 5:6). 0:6 Jeusites lived in Jeruslem when Isrel conquered Cnn.

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