Bible History. By: Pastor David F. Reagan. Bible History Taught by: Pastor David F. Reagan

Transcription

1 Bible History By: Pastor David F. Reagan I. Introduction 2 II. History Overview 3 III. Early Earth 5 IV. Patriarchs 9 V. The Law of Moses 12 VI. From Egypt to the Promised Land 14 VII. Tabernacle, Priesthood and Offerings 18 VIII. The Jewish Year 22 IX. The Time of the Judges 27 X. The United Kingdom 30 XI. The Kings of Israel 32 XII. The Kings of Judah 36 XIII. Old Testament Prophets

2 Bible History Introduction I. Recommended Reading A. A Survey of Israel s History by Leon Wood 1. Available at II. Purpose of the Course A. Understanding 1. The Place of Understanding in the Hierarchy of Wisdom a. Knowledge Understanding Wisdom Discretion b. Proverbs 2:10-11; 5: Understandest Thou What Thou Readest? (Acts 8:30) a. This course familiarizes you with the forest so you will better know where each tree fits. b. ILLUSTRATION: The Old Testament Prophets B. Two Overlapping Views 1. Textual View (1) Hosea to Israel right before Assyrian Captivity (2) Habbakuk to Judah right before Babylonian Captivity (3) Haggai to Jews returning from Babylonian Captivity a. From Genesis to Revelation b. Why are the Bible books places where they are? ILL: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John 2. Chronological View a. General outline of Bible events b. General dating of Bible events ILL: the periods of great miracles in the Bible 2

3 Bible History History Overview I. THE EARLY WORLD A. Creation (Genesis 1:1; 2:1) B. Fall (Genesis 3:17-24) C. Flood (Genesis 7:17-24) D. Babel (Genesis 11:4-9) II. THE NATION OF ISRAEL A. The Patriarchs (Acts 7:8) 1. Abraham (Genesis 12:1-3) 2. Isaac (Genesis 21:1-5) 3. Jacob (Genesis 26:24-26; 32:28) 4. Sons of Jacob (1Chronicles 2:1-2) B. The Egyptian Bondage 1. Joseph (Exodus 1:1-6) 2. Burdens (Exodus 1:7-11) 3. Exodus (Exodus 12:37-42) 4. Wanderings (Numbers 14:33-34) C. The Time of the Judges 1. Conquest (Joshua 1:1-5) 2. Oppression and Deliverance (Judges 2:8-19) 3. Samuel (1Samuel 3:19-21) D. United Kingdom (1Samuel 8:19-22) 1. Saul (1Samuel 9:27; 10:1) 2. David (1Samuel 16:11-13) 3. Solomon (1Kings 1:32-35) E. Divided Kingdom (1Kings 12:16-20) 1. Northern Kingdom Israel (19 Kings) 3

4 2. Southern Kingdom Judah (19 Kings) F. Captivities 1. Assyrian Captivity of Israel 721 B.C. (2Kings 17:22-23) 2. Babylonian Captivity of Judah 606 B.C. (2Kings 25:1-3) G. Return From Captivity (Ezra 1:1-3) 1. Zerubbabel 536 B.C. (Ezra 2:1-2) 2. Ezra 457 B.C. (Ezra 7:6-9) 3. Nehemiah 444 B.C. (Nehemiah 2:5-6) H. Four Hundred Silent Years III. THE NEW TESTAMENT A. The Life of Christ 1. Preparation (Mark 1:1-4) 2. Early Life (Luke 2:51-52) 3. Ministry (Luke 3:21-23) 4. Passion (Acts 1:1-3) B. The Apostolic Age 1. The Church at Jerusalem (Acts 1-7; 5:28) 2. Early Missions (Acts 8-12; 8:1; 11:19-21) 3. Journeys of Paul (Acts 13-28; 13:1-4; 14:26-28; 15:40-41) 4

5 Bible History Early Earth I. CREATION A. The Seven Days of Creation 1. Light 2. Firmament 3. Dry land and vegetation a. Grass b. Herb c. Tree 4. Lights a. Sun b. Moon c. Stars 5. Fish and fowl 6. Land animals and man a. Land animals (1) Cattle (2) Creeping things (3) Beasts of the earth b. Man (Genesis 2:7) 7. Rest (1) Body (2) Soul (3) Spirit B. Seven Blessings of Creation 1. Genesis 1:4 2. Genesis 1:10 3. Genesis 1:12 5

6 4. Genesis 1:18 5. Genesis 1:21 6. Genesis 1:25 7. Genesis 1:31 8. Notes a. No blessings on the second day b. Double blessings on the third day II. CHRONOLOGY A. From Creation (around 4,000BC) to Birth of Abram (around 2,100BC) approximate dates. 1. 4,000BC Creation 2. 3,500BC Birth of Jared, Enoch s father 3. 3,000BC Enoch translated 4. 2,500BC Death of Jared 5. 2,300BC Flood 6. 2,200BC Babel 7. 2,000BC Abraham B. Birth of Men in Messianic Line (Genesis 5,11) dated from Creation 1. Adam 0 2. Seth Enos 235 (Genesis 4:26; cp.3:9; 4:9) 4. Cainan Mahaleel Jared Enoch 622 (Genesis 5:21-24) 8. Methuselah 687 (lived to 969 and died the year of the flood) 9. Lamech Noah 1, Shem 1,559 (Genesis 5:32; 7:6; 8:13-14; 11:10) 12. Arphaxad 1, Salah 1, Eber 1, Peleg 1,759 (see Genesis 10:25,32) 16. Reu 1, Serug 1, Nahor 1, Terah 1, Abram 2,009 (Genesis 11:26,32; Acts 7:4) 6

7 C. Generations 1. Gentile ages a. 10 th - Noah b. 20 th Abraham 2. Special men a. 7 th Enoch (Jude 14) b. 14 th Eber (Genesis 11:16-17; Luke 3:35; Genesis 10:21; 14:13) c. 7 th from Eber Abraham III. CAIN S LINE (Genesis 4:16-24) A. The Generations 1. Adam 2. Cain 3. Enoch (Genesis 4:17) 4. Irad 5. Mehujael 6. Methusael 7. Lamech B. The Civilization (Genesis 4:19-24) -see essay Wayward Civilization IV. THE FLOOD A. Building the Ark (Genesis 6:3,14-16) B. Entering the Ark (Genesis 7:1,7-10) C. Forty Days of Rain (Genesis 7:11-12,17) D. Landing the Ark (Genesis 7:24; 8:3-4) E. Mountain Tops Seen (Genesis 8:5) F. Birds Sent Out (Genesis 8:6-12) G. Leaving the Ark (Genesis 8:13-16) V. TABLE OF NATIONS (Genesis 10) A. The Fathers of the Nations (Genesis 5:32; 9:18-19) 1. Ham, the younger (Genesis 9:24) 2. Japheth, the elder (Genesis 10:21) 7

8 3. Birth order: Japheth, Shem, Ham B. The Division of the Nations (Genesis 10:32) 1. Divided by continents a. Japheth (v.2-5) goes to Europe b. Ham (v.6-20) goes to Africa c. Shem (v.21-31) goes to Asia d. Note: this is a generalization and not an exact rule 2. Divided around Israel (Deuteronomy 32:8) 3. Divided to best seek the Lord (Acts 17:26-27) VI. BABEL (Genesis 11:1-9) A. Universal Language Perhaps Hebrew 1. What Jesus spoke to Saul (Acts 26:14) 2. How the saints praise in heaven (Revelation 19:1-6) Alleluia is a Hebrew word 3. Possibly the pure language of the kingdom (Zephaniah 3:9) B. Universal State (v.3-4) 1. Against God s command (Genesis 9:1) 2. Against God s purpose (Acts 17:26-27) 3. Against God (Psalm 2:1-3; Proverbs 1:10-16) C. God s Division (v.6-8; 10:32) 8

9 Bible History Patriarchs I. THEIR NAME A. Patriarch Refers to the Founding Fathers of Israel B. Bible References (Acts 2:29; 7:8; Hebrews 7:4) II. THEIR IDENTITY (Genesis 12-50) A. Abraham B. Isaac C. Jacob (Israel) D. Twelve Sons of Israel III. THEIR TIME A. Fourth Dispensation (Innocence, Conscience, Human Government, Patriarchs or Promise) B. Lasted From the Call of Abraham (about 2100BC) to Death of Joseph (about 1800BC) note: dispensation lasted until the giving of the law IV. THEIR COVENANT THE ABRAHAMIC COVENANT A. Its Promise 1. A seed 2. A nation 3. A land B. Its Proclamation 1. Genesis 12:1-3 (Abraham) 2. Genesis 15:18-21 (Abraham) 3. Genesis 17:1-8 (Abraham) 4. Genesis 22:15-18 (Abraham) 5. Genesis 26:2-5 (Isaac) 6. Genesis 28:13-15 (Jacob) 7. Genesis 35:9-12 (Jacob) C. Its Purpose to establish a chosen people (Genesis 46:1-7, 26-27) 9

10 V. THEIR CHRONOLOGY (given in years from the flood) A. Birth of Abraham 2,009 B. Birth of Isaac 2,109 (Genesis 21:5) C. Birth of Jacob 2,169 (Genesis 25:19-26) D. Entrance Into Egypt 2,299 (Genesis 47:7-9) E. Death of Jacob 2,316 (Genesis 47:28) VI. SONS OF ISRAEL A. To Leah 1. Reuben 2. Simeon 3. Levi 4. Judah 5. Issachar 6. Zebulon B. To Rachel 1. Joseph 2. Benjamin C. To Bilhah, Rachel s Maid 1. Dan 2. Naphtali D. To Zilpah, Leah s Maid 1. Gad 2. Asher VII. WHAT REUBEN LOST (Genesis 49:3-4) A. He Lost His Double Portion (Deuteronomy 21:15-17; 1Chronicles 5:1; Genesis 48:5) B. He Lost His Spiritual Leadership (Numbers 3:11-13; 8:18) C. He Lost His Secular Rule (1Chronicles 5:1-2; Genesis 49:8-10) VIII. THE TRIBES NAMED A. After the Exodus (Numbers 1:5-15,47-49) 1. The standard Old Testament numbering of the tribes 10

11 2. Levi not counted 3. The sons of Joseph (Ephraim and Manasseh) counted as two tribes B. In Revelation (Revelation 7:4-8) 1. Dan replaced with Levi (Genesis 49:16-17; 1Kings 12:26-30) 2. Ephraim replaced with Joseph (Hosea 4:17) even though the tribe of Manasseh is also listed 11

12 Bible History The Law of Moses I. AS A TEXT A. Written by Moses 1. Written by divine revelation (Deuteronomy 29:29) Moses did not need to be there 2. Written by divine direction (2Peter 1:21) a. His birth (Exodus 2:1-2) b. His meekness (Numbers 12:3) c. His rebellion (Numbers 20:11-12,24) d. His death (Deuteronomy 34:5-8) B. Titles 1. Pentateuch a. Scholarly name b. Means five books 2. Torah a. Jewish name b. Means law 3. The Law of Moses a. Biblical name (Ezra 3:2; 7:6; 1Corinthians 9:9) b. Bible references: 21 times (1) Old Testament: 14 times (2) New Testament: 7 times C. One of the Divisions of the Hebrew Bible (Luke 24:44) 1. The Law of Moses 2. The Prophets 3. The Writings D. The Five Books 1. Genesis a. Name means beginnings compare generations, generate b. Theme: Creation (Genesis 1:1) c. Ends in a coffin in Egypt 2. Exodus a. Name means departure b. Theme: Redemption (Exodus 6:6; 12:13) 12

13 3. Leviticus a. Name means book of the Levites b. Theme: Holiness (Leviticus 11:44-45; 19:2; 20:7-8) 4. Numbers a. Name means census or numbering -notice that only potential soldiers were counted (Numbers 1:6) b. Theme: Warfare (Numbers 31:1-8) 5. Deuteronomy a. Name means second law -not a new law; but a summary, repetition and application of the Mosaic Law b. Theme: Obedience (Deuteronomy 7:6-11) II. AS A TOPIC A. The Place of the Law in Doctrine -see notes on Romans 7 B. The Divisions of the Law of Moses 1. By application a. Moral Law (1) Basic moral principles (2) The ten commandments b. Ceremonial Law (1) Man s duties to God (2) Concerns tabernacle, priesthood, sacrifices, feasts, etc. c. Civil Law (1) Man s duties to man (2) Concerns families, servants, strangers, crimes, property, justice and various regulations 2. By attitude a. From Jewish tradition of 613 commandments (mitzvot) in the Mosaic Law b. 365 negative commandments corresponding to the 365 days in a solar year c. 248 positive commandments corresponding to the number of parts in the human body 3. By time (traditional) a. Time-bound commandments which must be observed at a particular time (during the day or during the year) b. Non-time-bound 4. By reason (traditional) a. Rational the reason for doing it can be seen by reason b. Nonrational cannot be supported by human reason 13

14 I. EGYPTIAN BONDAGE Bible History From Egypt to the Promised Land A. Move to Egypt (Exodus 1:1-7) 1. Joseph s arrival (Genesis 45:4-8) 2. Jacob s move (Genesis 45:9-13,25-28; 46:1-7) 3. Roll call (Exodus 1:1-6) 4. Blessings in Egypt (Exodus 1:7) B. Bondage in Egypt (Exodus 1:8-22) 1. A new king (Exodus 1:8) 2. Slavery imposed (Exodus 1:9-14) 3. Male babies ordered killed (Exodus 1:15-22) II. EGYPTIAN EXODUS A. Call of Moses (Exodus 2:1-6:30) 1. Moses birth and adoption (Exodus 2:1-10) 2. Moses choice (Exodus 2:11-25; Acts 7:23-29; Hebrews 11:24-27) 3. Moses call (Exodus 3:1-4:31) four excuses a. Position (3:11) b. Knowledge (3:13) c. Influence (4:1) d. Ability (4:10) 4. Moses comes (Exodus 5:1-6:30) B. The Ten Plagues (Exodus 7:1-11:10) 1. Water to blood (7:1-25) 2. Frogs (8:1-15) 3. Lice (8:16-19) first the Egyptians could not do & first that created life 4. Flies (8:20-32) first the Israelites did not suffer 5. Murrain (9:1-7) first that brought death 6. Boils (9:8-12) first that directly afflicted man (on his person) 7. Hail (9:13-25) 8. Locusts (10:1-20) 9. Darkness (10:21-29) 10. Death of firstborn (11:1-10) 14

15 C. Four Compromises 1. In the land (8:25) 2. Not very far (8:28) 3. Men only (10:11) 4. Leave your flocks (10:24) D. Passover and Departure (Exodus 12:1-51) 1. The Passover (12:1-28) 2. The sending out (12:29-36) 3. The first steps (12:37-41) a. 600,000 men (v.37) b. A mixed multitude (v.38a) c. Cattle and crackers (v.38b-39) d. 430 years of bondage (v.40-41) 4. A night to be remembered (12:42-51) III. WILDERNESS JOURNEY A. Red Sea Crossing (Exodus 13:1-15:21) 1. Instructions (13:1-22) 2. Deliverance (14:1-31) 3. Song of praise (15:1-21) B. Early Travels (Exodus 15:22-18:27) 1. At Marah (15:22-26) bitter waters 2. At Elim (15:27) an oasis 3. At the Wilderness of Sin (16:1-36) manna 4. At Rephidim (17:1-18:27) a. Water from the rock (17:1-7) b. War with Amelek (17:8-16) c. Advice from Jethro (18:1-27) C. Giving of the Law (Exodus 19:1-24:18) 1. The ten commandments (Exodus 19:1-20:17; see Deuteronomy 4:13; 10:4) 2. The book of the covenant (Exodus 20:22-24:18; see 24:7) D. Golden Calf (Exodus 32:1-34:35) 1. Their sin (32:1-6) 2. Their judgment (32:7-10) 3. Moses intercession (32:11-33:23) 15

16 4. Their renewal (34:1-35) E. First Census (Numbers 1:1-3:51) F. The Nation Organized (Numbers 4:1-10:36) IV. WILDERNESS WANDERINGS A. Continued Murmurings (Numbers 11:1-12:16) 1. Complaints about manna (11:1-15) 2. Appointment of 70 elders (11:16-30) 3. Provision of quail (11:31-34) 4. Aaron and Miriam s rebellion (12:1-15) B. Spies and Divine Rejection (Numbers 13:1-14:45) 1. Report from the spies (13:1-33) 2. Refusal to enter the land (14:1-10) 3. Rejected by God (14:11-45) a. 10 temptations (14:22) b. 40 years of wandering (14:33-34) C. Still More Murmurings (Numbers 20:1-21:20) 1. Water from the rock (20:1-13) struck a second time 2. Passage refused by Edom (20:14-21) 3. Death of Aaron (20:23-29) 4. Fiery serpents (21:1-9) 5. Detour around Edom (21:10-20) D. Early Victories (Numbers 21:21-35) 1. Over Sihon of the Amorites (21:21-32) 2. Over Og of Bashaan (21:33-35) E. Prophecy of Balaam (Numbers 22:1-24:25) F. Deliverance by Phinehas (Numbers 25:1-18) G. Second Census (Numbers 26:1-27:11) H. From Moses to Joshua (Numbers 27:12-23; Deuteronomy 31:1-24:12) 1. Joshua chosen and Charged (Numbers 27:12-23) 2. Last words of Moses (Deuteronomy 31:1-30) 3. Song of Moses (Deuteronomy 32:1-52) 16

17 4. Blessing of Moses (Deuteronomy 33:1-29) 5. Death of Moses (Deuteronomy 34:1-12) V. CONQUEST OF CANAAN A. Preparation for Conquest (Joshua 1:1-5:15) 1. Joshua s charge (1:1-18) 2. Jericho spied (2:1-24) 3. Jordan crossed (3:1-17) 4. Memorial raised (4:1-24) 5. Circumcision and passover (5:1-15) B. Land Conquered (Joshua 6:1-12:24) 1. Beachhead Jericho defeated (6:1-27) 2. Central conquest (7:1-8:35) 3. Southern conquest (9:1-10:43) 4. Northern conquest (11:1-12:24) C. Inheritance Given (Joshua 13:1-21:45) 1. Special allotments (13:1-14:15) a. 2 ½ tribes (13:1-33) b. Caleb (14:1-15) 2. Major allotments (15:1-19:51) 9 ½ tribes 3. Special provisions (20:1-21:45) a. Cities of refuge (20:1-9) b. Levitical cities (21:1-45) D. Final Charges (Joshua 22:1-24:33) 1. To the eastern tribes (22:1-34) 2. To the western tribes (23:1-16) 3. To the assembled tribes (24:1-33) 17

18 Bible History Tabernacle, Priesthood and Offerings I. THE TABERNACLE A. The Seven Temples (as an edifice used for worship) 1. The Heavenly Temple (Exodus 25:8-9; Hebrews 8:1-2; 9:24-25; Revelation 11:19; 15:5-8) 2. The Portable Temple Tabernacle (Exodus 39:32; 1Samuel 1:9; 3:3) 3. Solomon s Temple (1Kings 6:1,37-38; 2Chronicles 3:1-2) 4. Zerubbabel s Temple (Ezra 3:8-13; 6:14-15; Zechariah 4:6-10; Haggai 1:14-15; 2:1-4) 5. Herod s Temple (Matthew 24:1-2; John 2:20) 6. Tribulation Temple (Daniel 9:27; 11:31; 12:11; 2Thessalonians 2:3-4) 7. Ezekiel s Temple (Ezekiel 40:1-2; 41:1; 43:1-5; chap.40-43) B. The Plan of the Tabernacle 1. The Court of the Tabernacle a. 100 by 50 cubits (Exodus 27:9-19) b. Contained the brasen altar and the laver 2. The Holy Place a. Separated from the Holy Place by the veil (Exodus 26:33; see Matthew 27:50-51) b. Place of priestly service (Exodus 35:19; 38:24; 39:1,41) c. Contained the candlestick, the table of shewbread and the altar of incense 3. The Most Holy Place (Exodus 26:33-34) a. Contained the ark of the covenant and the mercy seat b. Entered only by the high priest once a year (Leviticus 16:1-2,11-16,34) c. Sometimes just called the holy place (Exodus 28:33-35) d. Called the Holiest of all (Hebrews 9:3,8) C. The Structure of the Tabernacle 1. The Materials (Exodus 25:1-7) 2. The Framework (Exodus 26:15-30) 3. The Covering (Exodus 26:1-14) 18

19 4. The Veil (Exodus 26:31-33) 5. The Court (Exodus 27:9-15) 6. The Gate of the Court (Exodus 27:16) 7. The Colors (Exodus 26:1,31; 27:16; 28:5-6) a. Blue Heaven b. Purple Royal c. Scarlet Blood d. Gold Redemption e. White Purity D. The Furniture of the Tabernacle 1. Brasen Altar (Exodus 38:1-7) a. 5 by 5 cubits b. Picture of judgment and sacrifice 2. Laver (Exodus 30:17-21) a. Made of mirrors (Exodus 38:8) b. Picture of cleansing 3. Table of Shewbread (Exodus 37:10-16) a. On the north or right side on entering (Exodus 40:22) b. Contained 12 loaves (Exodus 40:23; Leviticus 24:5-8) c. Picture of word of God as the bread of life (Deuteronomy 8:3) 4. Candlestick (Exodus 25:31-40) a. On south or left side b. 7 lamps and 22 almond-shaped bowls c. To burn continually (Exodus 27:20-21; Leviticus 24:1-4) d. Picture of illumination of God through the word and the Spirit 5. Altar of incense (Exodus 30:1-8) a. Before the veil b. 1 by 1 cubit c. Pictures prayers of the saints (Revelation 8:4) 6. Ark of the Covenant (Exodus 25:10-16; 37:1-5) a. In the Most Holy Place b. 2 ½ by 1 ½ by 1 ½ cubits c. Contents (Hebrews 9:3-4) (1) Pot of manna (2) Aaron s rod (3) Ten Commandments d. Picture of the presence of God 19

20 7. Mercy Seat (Exodus 25:17-22; 37:6-9) a. Sat on top of the ark b. With two cherubim c. Picture of God s mercy II. THE PRIESTHOOD A. The Qualifications of a Priest 1. Born to Aaron s line (Exodus 28:1; 1Chronicles 6:49-53) 2. Blameless in person (Leviticus 21:16-24) 3. Holy in life (Leviticus 21:1-15) 4. Mature in years (Numbers 4:3,23,30,35,47) 5. Consecrated for service (Exodus 29:1-9; 40:15) B. The Work of a Priest 1. Generally, to approach God on the behalf of man (Hebrews 5:1) 2. To service the tabernacle a. Burn incense b. Trim the candlestick c. Change the shewbread d. Keep the altar fire burning (Leviticus 6:9,13) e. Remove the ashes 3. To offer sacrifices to God (Exodus 29:38-44) 4. To deal with people concerning their cleanness: lepers, purification of women, etc. 5. To judge causes (Deuteronomy 17:9; 19:17-19; 21:5) 6. To teach the law (Leviticus 10:8,11; 2Chronicles 15:3; Malachi 2:7) 7. To make atonement for the people (Leviticus 4:20; 5:6; 16:6-7,15-19) C. The Garments of the Priest (Exodus 29:5-6) 1. Coat (Exodus 28:39) 2. Robe (Exodus 28:31-35) 3. Ephod (Exodus 28:6-14) 4. Breastplate (Exodus 28:15-29) 5. Girdle (Exodus 39:29) 6. Mitre (Exodus 28:39; 39:28) 7. Crown (Exodus 28:36-38) D. Christ as Our Great High Priest (Hebrews 4:14) 1. Like Aaron a. Taken from among men (Hebrews 5:1) b. Represents man to God (Hebrews 5:1) 20

21 c. Offers sacrifices for sin (Hebrews 5:1) d. Called of God (Hebrews 5:4-5) e. Has compassion on the people (Hebrews 5:2,7) 2. Unlike Aaron a. No offering for Himself (Hebrews 5:3; 9:25) b. Entered the heavenly temple (Hebrews 9:24) c. One offering satisfied all (Hebrews 9:26; 10:10-14) III. THE OFFERINGS A. Burnt Offering (Leviticus 1) 1. General offering for sin indicating complete dedication 2. Entire offering to be burnt (v.8-9) 3. Must be given voluntarily (v.3) 4. Pictures Christ s entire sacrifice of Himself B. Meat Offering (Leviticus 2) 1. A memorial offering of thanksgiving (v.2,12) 2. A portion burnt; the remainder eaten by the priests (v.9-10) 3. The only bloodless sacrifice 4. Offered without leaven (v.11) 5. Offered with salt (v.13) and oil (v.1) 6. Pictures the living consecration of Christ (John 4:34; 5:30; 6:38; see Romans 12:1) C. Peace Offering (Leviticus 3) 1. Made for special thanksgiving 2. Fat portions burnt; remainder eaten (Leviticus 22:29-30) 3. Pictures Christ s work of reconciliation (2Corinthians 5:21) D. Sin Offering (Leviticus 4) 1. For discovered sins of ignorance (v.1-2) 2. Fat portions burnt; remainder eaten 3. Pictures the redemption of Christ for our sin guilt E. Trespass Offering (Leviticus 5) 1. For committed sins (v.1-6) 2. Fat portions burnt; remainder eaten 3. Pictures the redemption of Christ for our practice of sin 21

22 I. THE JEWISH CALENDAR A. Sacred or Ceremonial Year Bible History Taught by: Pastor David F. Reagan Bible History The Jewish Year 1. Begins with Abib (Nisan) which runs roughly from March to April 2. Established when Israel was brought out of Egypt (Exodus 12:1-2; Leviticus 23:5) 3. The calendar by which the Jewish feasts are determined B. Secular or Civil Year 1. Begins with Ethanim which runs roughly from September to October 2. The Feast of Trumpets (Leviticus 23:23-25), called Rosh Hashanah, is the Jewish New Year (see Exodus 34:22; 23:16; Leviticus 23:39) 3. The first month of the secular year is the same as the seventh month of the sacred year and visa versa C. Growing Seasons 1. Israel averages from 2 to 22 inches of rain per year with more rain as you go north. From 10 to 12 inches of rain is the minimum needed to have a harvest each year. In much of the south, rain-watered crops are not possible. 2. Israel s main growing season is during the winter when most of the rain comes. The summer is so dry that very little can grow. Barley and wheat are sown at the beginning of the rainy season (Oct.-Nov.) and harvested at the end (Apr.-May). These rains are called the former and the latter rains in scripture (Deuteronomy 11:14; Job 29:23; Proverbs 16:15; Jeremiah 3:3; 5:24; Hosea 6:3; Joel 2:23; Zechariah 10:1; James 5:7) D. Months of the Jewish Year 1. Abib or Nisan a. 1 st sacred; 7 th secular b. March-April c. Exodus 12:2; 13:4; 23:15; 34:18; Deuteronomy 16:1; Nehemiah 2:1; Esther 3:7 d. Time of the latter rain; beginning of barley and flax harvest e. Feasts of Passover, Unleavened Bread and Firstfruits 22

23 2. Zif or Iyyar (non-biblical name) a. 2 nd sacred; 8 th secular b. April-May c. 1Kings 6:1,37 d. Barley harvest; beginning of dry season 3. Sivan a. 3 rd sacred; 9 th secular b. May-June c. Esther 8:9 d. Wheat harvest e. Feast of Weeks (Pentecost) 4. Tammuz (non-biblical name) a. 4 th sacred; 10 th secular b. June-July c. Time of tending vines 5. Ab (non-biblical name) a. 5 th sacred; 11 th secular b. July-August c. Ripening of grapes, figs and olives 6. Elul a. 6 th sacred; 12 th secular b. August-September c. Nehemiah 6:15 d. Processing grapes, figs and olives 7. Ethanim or Tishri (non-biblical name) a. 7 th sacred; 1 st secular b. September-October c. 1Kings 8:2 d. Early rains begin; time of plowing e. Feasts of Trumpets, Atonement and Tabernacles 8. Bul a. 8 th sacred; 2 nd secular b. October-November c. 1Kings 6:38 d. Sowing of wheat and barley 9. Kislev a. 9 th sacred; 3 rd secular b. November-December c. Nehemiah 1:1; Zechariah 7:1 23

24 d. Time of winter rains e. Feast of Hanukkah (Dedication) 10. Tebeth a. 10 th sacred; 4 th secular b. December-January c. Esther 2: Shebat a. 11 th sacred; 5 th secular b. January-February c. Zechariah 1:7 12. Adar a. 12 th sacred; 6 th secular b. February- March c. Ezra 6:15; Esther 3:7,13; 8:12; 9:1,15,16,19,21 d. Almond trees bloom; citrus fruit harvest e. Feast of Purim 13. Second Adar a. A calendar correction b. Added about every three years so the lunar calendar would correspond to the solar year II. THE SABBATH A. Established at Creation (Genesis 2:1-3) B. Given to Israel (Exodus 31:12-17) C. Not Given to the Gentiles as a Law 1. Only one of the ten commandments not repeated in the New Testament 2. No man to be judged for not keeping it (Colossians 2:16-17) D. A Day of Rest (Exodus 20:8-11; 35:1-3; Leviticus 23:3) III. SEVEN ORIGINAL FEASTS A. Feast of the Passover (Leviticus 23:4-5) 1. The 14 th day of the 1 st month 2. Passover meal eaten at even 3. Established at the time of the 10 th plague as a remembrance to the deliverance from Egypt (Exodus 11:1-10; 12:1-20) 24

25 4. A type of the crucifixion (1Corinthians 5:7; 1Peter 2:24; 3:18) 5. The day of the crucifixion from 6PM to 6PM a. Passover meal eaten b. Lord s Supper instituted c. Prayer and arrest in Gethsemane d. Trial before High Priest e. Appearance before Herod f. Trial before Pilate g. Crucifixion h. Burial B. Feast of Unleavened Bread (Leviticus 23:6-8) 1. The 15 th day of the 1 st month lasting through the 21 st day 2. Unleavened bread eaten throughout 3. No work to be done on the 1 st and 7 th days of the feast 4. A burnt offering made every day 5. A type of the holy sacrifice of Christ (Numbers 28:17-19; Leviticus 1:1-3 with 2Corinthians 5:21; 1Peter 2:22; 1John 3:5) C. Feast of the Firstfruits (Leviticus 23:9-14) 1. On the morrow after the sabbath following the Feast of Unleavened Bread. This would always be a Sunday. 2. The Feast of Unleavened Bread is on a particular day of the month and therefore the day of the week will change from year to year (as a birthday). Since the Feast of Firstfruits is on a particular day of the week (Sunday), the gap between the two feasts will not be the same each year. On the year Christ died, the Feast of the Passover occurred on the day of His crucifixion and the Feast of Firstfruits occurred on the day of His resurrection. 3. A sheaf of firstfruits is waved before the Lord 4. A type of the resurrection of Christ (1Corinthians 15:19-23) D. Feast of Weeks or Pentecost (Leviticus 23:15-22) 1. Fifty days from the Feast of Firstfruits (inclusive of both feast days) 2. A new meat offering made 3. A type of the New Testament Day of Pentecost when the believers were baptized with the Holy Ghost (Acts 2:1-4; Romans 8:9) E. Feast of Trumpets (Leviticus 23:23-25) 1. The 1 st day of the 7 th month 2. The Jewish New Year 3. No work to be done 25

26 4. Commemorated by the blowing of trumpets 5. A type of the coming of Christ (1Corinthians 15:51-52; 1Thessalonians 4:16-17; Revelation 8:2,6; Matthew 24:30-31) F. Day of Atonement (Leviticus 23:26-32) 1. The 10 th day of the 7 th month 2. No work to be done 3. A day to afflict their souls (v.27,29) 4. The day of the annual offering by the high priest in the most holy place (Leviticus 16) 5. A type of the coming redemption: a. Of Israel (Isaiah 66:5-9; Romans 11:25-29) b. Of creation (Romans 8:19-23) G. Feast of Tabernacles (Leviticus 23:33-44) 1. The 15 th day of the 7 th month until the 22 day 2. No work to be done on the 1 st and 8 th day of the feast 3. To live in roughly constructed booths for seven days (v.40-42) 4. Commemorates the time Israel wandered in the wilderness (v.43) 5. A type of the future time when God will make His dwelling place with man (Revelation 21:3-6) IV. SPECIAL YEARS A. Sabbath Year (Leviticus 25:1-7) 1. Every 7 th year 2. A year of rest for the land 3. Israel disobedient to this command (Leviticus 26:34-35; 2Chronicles 36:21) B. Year of Jubilee (Leviticus 25:8-55) 1. Every 50 th year after the 7 th sabbath year 2. Land to be returned to original family owners 3. Slaves to be freed 4. Debts to be forgiven 5. Land to rest (v.11) 6. God s provision promised (v.20-22) 26

27 Bible History The Time of the Judges I. INTRODUCTION (Key Verses Judges 17:6; 21:25) A. The Partial Conquest (Judges 1:21,27-36; 2:1-5,20-23; 3:1-4) B. The Passing Generation (Judges 2:6-10) C. The Disobedient Israelites (Judges 2:11-13; 3:5-7) D. The Punishing Foes (Judges 2:14-15) E. The Loving Deliverance (Judges 2:16-18) F. The Cycle Repeated (Judges 2:19) II. LISTS A. The Oppressors 1. Mesopotamians (Judges 3:8) 2. Moabites (Judges 3:12-14) 3. Canaanites (Judges 4:1-3) 4. Midianites (Judges 6:1-6) 5. Ammonites (Judges 10:6-9) 6. Philistines (Judges 13:1) B. The Judges 1. Othniel (Judges 3:7-11) 2. Ehud (Judges 3:12-30) 3. Shamgar (Judges 3:31) 4. Deborah with Barak (Judges 4-5) 5. Gideon (Judges 6-8) 6. Tola (Judges 10:1-2) 7. Jair (Judges 10:3-5) 8. Jephthah (Judges 10:6-12:7) 9. Ibzan (Judges 12:8-10) 10. Elon (Judges 12:11-12) 11. Abdon (Judges 12:13-15) 12. Samson (Judges 13-16) 13. Samuel (1Samuel 7:15-17) 27

28 III. GENERAL HISTORY A. Period of Mesopotamian Oppression (Judges 3:8-11) 1. Duration 8 years 2. Deliverer Othniel (Caleb s nephew) 3. Rest 40 years 4. Danite movement (Judges 17-18) a. Early story (1) Mentioned in Joshua (Joshua 19:47) (2) Joshua written early (Joshua 6:25) b. Set up competitive religion (Judges 18:29-31; 1Kings 12:25-30) 5. Outrage at Gibeah a. Early story Phinehas still high priest (Judges 20:28) b. Shows how low the nation had gone B. Period of Moabite Oppression (Judges 3:12-31) 1. Duration 18 years 2. Deliverers a. Ehud b. Shamgar 3. Rest 80 years (Judges 3:30) C. Period of Canaanite Oppression (Judges 4-5) 1. Duration 20 years 2. Deliverers Deborah with Barak 3. Rest 40 years D. Period of Midianite Oppression (Judges 6:1-10:5) 1. Duration 6 years 2. Deliverers a. Gideon b. Tola c. Jair 3. Rest 40 years 4. Time of the story of Ruth E. Period of Ammonite Oppression (Judges 10:6-12:15) 1. Duration 18 years 2. Deliverers 28

29 a. Jephthah b. Ibzan c. Elon d. Abdon F. Period of Philistine Oppression (Judges 13-16) 1. Duration 40 years 2. Deliverer Samson (see Judges 13:5) G. Samuel (1Samuel 1-8) 1. Early life (1Samuel 1-3) 2. Ark lost and returned (1Samuel 4-6) 3. Samuel s ministry (1Samuel 7) 4. Israel wants a king (1Samuel 8) 29

30 Bible History The United Kingdom I. KING SAUL A. The Anointing of Saul (1Samuel 9-12) B. The Rejection of Saul (1Samuel 13-15) 1. First rejection (1Samuel 13-14) 2. Second rejection (1Samuel 15) C. Saul and David (1Samuel 16-20) 1. The anointing of David (1Samuel 16) 2. The battle with Goliath (1Samuel 17) 3. The jealousy of Saul (1Samuel 18-20) D. The Decline of Saul (1Samuel 22,28,31) 1. His degeneration (1Samuel 22) 2. His Death (1Samuel 28,31) II. KING DAVID A. The Call of David (1Samuel 16:1-13) B. The Exaltation of David (1Samuel 18:1-7) C. The Years as a Fugitive (1Samuel 21-30) D. David at Hebron (2Samuel 1-5) 1. Made king of Judah 2. Struggled with Ishbosheth 3. Made king of all Israel (2Samuel 5:1-5) E. The Kingdom Established (2Samuel 5-10) 1. War with the Philistines 2. The taking of Jerusalem (2Samuel 5:6-9) 3. Further conquests (2Samuel 8-10) 30

31 F. Deeds of David 1. Good a. Kindness to Mephibosheth (2Samuel 9) b. Justice to the Gibeonites (2Samuel 21) 2. Bad a. Sin with Bathsheba (2Samuel 11) b. Sin in census taking (2Samuel 24) G. Final Years (2Samuel 13-20; 1Kings 1-2) 1. Absalom s revolt (2Samuel 12-19) 2. Solomon s accession III. KING SOLOMON A. Established as King (1Kings 2-3) B. Solomon s Buildings (1Kings 5-10) C. Solomon s Kingdom (1Kings 9-12) D. Decline and Judgment (1Kings 11) 1. Sin (1Kings 11:1-8) 2. Punishment (1Kings 11:9-43) 31

32 Bible History The Kings of Israel I. JEROBOAM A. 1Kings 12:25-14:20 B. 22 years ( ) C. First king of first dynasty D. Established false worship (1Kings 12:26-33) E. Condemned by prophet (1Kings 13:1-3; 2Kings 23:15-16) II. NADAB A. 1Kings 15:25-31 B. 2 years ( ) C. Second king in Jeroboam s dynasty D. Followed in his father s sins (1Kings 15:26) E. Killed by the conspirator Baasha (1Kings 15:27-28) III. BAASHA A. 1Kings 15:32-16:7; 2Chronicles 16:1-6 B. 24 years ( ) C. First king of second dynasty D. Condemned by the prophet Jehu (1Kings 16:1-7) IV. ELAH A. 1Kings 16:8-14 B. 2 years ( ) C. Second king in Baasha s dynasty D. Killed by his captain, Zimri (1Kings 16:9-10) V. ZIMRI A. 1Kings 16:15-22 B. 7 days (885) C. Only king in third dynasty D. Killed by Elah s general Omri VI. OMRI A. 1Kings 16:23-28 B. 12 years ( ) 32

33 C. First king in the fourth dynasty D. Established capital in Samaria (1Kings 16:24) VII. AHAB and JEZEBEL A. 1Kings 16:28-34; 20:1-22:40) B. 21 years ( ) C. Second king in Omri s dynasty D. Introduced the worship of Baal (1Kings 16:30-33) E. Defeated Syria on two occasions (1Kings 20:1-34) F. Time of the prophet Elijah (1Kings 17-19,21; 2Kings 1:1-2:11) VIII. AHAZIAH A. 2Kings 1:2-18 B. 2 years ( ) C. Third king in Omri s dynasty IX. JEHORAM X. JEHU A. 2Kings 3 B. 12 years ( ) C. Fourth king in Omri s dynasty D. Ahab s son and Ahaziah s brother E. Time of the prophet Elisha (2Kings 2-13) F. Killed by Jehu A. 2Kings 9:11-10:36 B. 28 years ( ) C. First king of fifth dynasty D. Slaughtered the house of Omri (2Kings 9:11-10:17) E. Destroyed the worshippers of Baal (2Kings 10:18-28) F. Israel begins to be cut short (2Kings 10:31-33) XI. JEHOAHAZ A. 2Kings 13:1-9 B. 17 years ( ) C. Second king in Jehu s dynasty XII. JEHOASH A. 2Kings 13:10-25; 14:15-16 B. 16 years ( ) 33

34 C. Third king in Jehu s dynasty XIII. JEROBOAM II A. 2Kings 14:23-29 B. 41 years ( ) C. Fourth king in Jehu s dynasty D. A strong king (2Kings 14:25,28) E. Time of Jonah, Amos and Hosea XIV. ZACHARIAH A. 2Kings 15:8-12 B. 6 months (753) C. Fifth king in Jehu s dynasty D. Killed by the conspirator Shallum (2Kings 15:10) XV. SHALLUM A. 2Kings 15:13-15 B. 1 month (752) C. Only king of sixth dynasty D. Killed by Menahem XVI. MENAHEM A. 2Kings 15:16-22 B. 10 years ( ) C. First king of seventh dynasty D. Became a vassal to Assyria (2Kings 15:19-20) XVII. PEKAHIAH A. 2Kings 15:23-26 B. 2 years ( ) C. Second king of Menahem s dynasty D. Killed by his captain Pekah (2Kings 15:25) XVIII. PEKAH A. 2Kings 15:27-31 B. 20 years ( ) C. Only king of eighth dynasty D. Killed by the conspirator Hoshea (2Kings 15:30) 34

35 XIX. HOSHEA A. 2Kings 17:1-6 B. 9 years ( ) C. Only king of ninth dynasty D. Rebelled against Assyria and lost (2Kings 17:3-6) E. Israel incorporated as an Assyrian province (2Kings 17:7-41) 35

36 Bible History The Kings of Judah I. REHOBOAM A. 1Kings 14:21-31; 2Chronicles B. 17 years ( ) C. Solomon s son; David s grandson D. Caused the kingdom to split (1Kings 12:1-24) E. Led towards idolatry (1Kings 14:23-24) F. Defeated by Shishak of Egypt (1Kings 14:25-27; 2Chronicles 12:2-12) II. ABIJAM A. 1Kings 15:1-8; 2Chronicles 13:1-22 B. 3 years ( ) C. Won major battle against Jeroboam III. ASA A. 1Kings 15:9-24; 2Chronicles B. 41 years ( ) C. Several good acts (1Kings 15:11-15; 2Chronicles 14:2-5; 15:8-18) D. Became proud in later years (2Chronicles 16:7-12) IV. JEHOSHAPHAT A. 1Kings 22:41-50; 2Chronicles B. 25 years ( ) C. Good works (1Kings 22:43,46; 2Chronicles 17:3-9; 20:3-33) D. Made alliance with Israel (1Kings 22:44,48-49; 2Kings 3:4-27; 2Chronicles 18:1-19:3; 20:35-37) E. Married his son Jehoram to Ahab s daughter Athaliah (2Kings 8:16-24) V. JEHORAM A. 2Kings 8:16-24; 2Chronicles 21 B. 8 years ( ) C. Killed his six brothers (2Chronicles 21:2-4) D. Died of a terrible disease (2Chronicles 21:12-15,18-20) 36

37 VI. AHAZIAH A. 2Kings 8:25-29; 9:27-29; 2Chronicles 22:1-9 B. 1 year (841) C. Influenced by his mother Athaliah (2Chronicles 22:3) D. Killed by Jehu VII. ATHALIAH A. 2Kings 11:1-3; 2Chronicles 22:10-12 B. 6 years ( ) C. Not a descendant of David but the wicked daughter of Jezebel D. Installed the Baal cult in Judah (2Kings 8:18,27; 11:18) E. Killed her grandchildren so she could seize the throne. Failed to kill Joash. F. Killed by followers of the high priest Jehoiada who put Joash on the throne (2Kings 11:4-16; 2Chronicles 23:1-15) VIII. JOASH A. 2Kings 12; 2Chronicles 23:16-24:27 B. 40 years ( ) C. Under Jehoida s leadership led a revival (2Kings 12:2-16; 2Chronicles 23:16-24:14) D. In later years, fell from God (2Kings 12:17-21; 2Chronicles 24:15-27) E. Had Jehoida s son, Zechariah, stoned to death for rebuking him (2Kings 12:19-21; 2Chronicles 24:25-27) IX. AMAZIAH A. 2Kings 14:1-20; 2Chronicles 25 B. 29 years ( ) C. A generally good king X. UZZIAH (AZARIAH) A. 2Kings 14:21-22; 15:1-7; 2Chronicles 26 B. 52 years ( ) C. Expanded Judah s territory (2Chronicles 26:6-16) D. Punished with leprosy for intruding into the priest s office (2Chronicles 26:16-21) XI. JOTHAM A. 2Kings 15:32-38; 2Chronicles 27 B. 20 years ( ) C. The fourth good king in a row 37

38 D. Judah continued to prosper XII. AHAZ A. 2Kings 16; 2Chronicles 28 B. 28 years ( ) C. Did evil in the sight of God (2Kings 16:2-4,10-18; 2Chronicles 28:1-4,22-25) D. Military loses (2Chronicles 28:16-19) XIII. HEZEKIAH A. 2Kings 18-20; 2Chronicles B. 42 years ( ) C. Approved of God (2Kings 18:4-7; 2Chronicles 29:2-31:21) D. Sennacherib s invasion (2Kings 18:13-19:37; 2Chronicles 32:9-21; Isaiah 36-37) E. Fifteen extra years (2Kings 20:1-11) F. Hezekiah s hospitality to the Babylonians (2Kings 20:12-19; 2Chronicles 32:30-31) XIV. MANASSEH A. 2Kings 21:1-18; 2Chronicles 33:1-20 B. 55 years ( ) C. Growth of idolatry (2Kings 21:2-16; 2Chronicles 33:2-10) D. Captured by the Assyrians (2Chronicles 33:11-20) XV. AMON A. 2Kings 21:19-26; 2Chronicles 33:21-25 B. 2 years ( ) C. Killed by his servants XVI. JOSIAH A. 2Kings 22:1-23:30; 2Chronicles B. 31 years ( ) C. Latter day revival (2Kings 22:3-23:25; 2Chronicles 34:8-35) D. Died in battle with Egypt (2Kings 23:28-30; 2Chronicles 35:20-27) E. Time of Jeremiah, Zephaniah, Nahum and Habakkuk XVII. JEHOAHAZ A. 2Kings 23:31-33; 2Chronicles 36:1-3 B. 3 months (609) C. Replaced by his brother at the command of Necho, Pharaoh of Egypt 38

39 XVIII. JEHOIAKIM A. 2Kings 23:34-24:7; 2Chronicles 36:4-8 B. 11 years ( ) C. Condemned by Jeremiah (Jeremiah 22:13-19) XIX. JEHOIACHIN A. 2Kings 24:8-16; 2Chronicles 36:9-10 B. Also called Jeconiah, Jechonias (Matthew 1:11-12) C. 3 months (597) D. Conquered and removed by Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon XX. ZEDEKIAH (MATTANIAH) A. 2Kings 24:17-25:21; 2Chronicles 36:11-21; Jeremiah 39:1-10 B. Brother to Jehoiachin C. 11 years ( ) D. Placed on the throne by Nebuchadnezzar E. Rebelled against Babylon (2Kings 24:20; 2Chronicles 36:13) F. The fall of Jerusalem (2Kings 25:1-21; 2Chronicles 36:17-20) 39

40 I. PROPHETS OF ISRAEL A. Jonah Bible History Taught by: Pastor David F. Reagan Bible History Old Testament Prophets 1. 4 chapters, 48 verses 2. Jonah means dove 3. During the reign of Jeroboam II (2Kings 14:25); book written around 770BC 4. From Gath-hepher, about 3 miles northeast of Nazareth 5. Ministry to Israel; book deals with special ministry to Ninevah 6. Outline a. In a Boat for Tarshish (ch.1) b. In the Belly of the Whale (ch.2) c. In the Battle for the Lord (ch.3) d. Under the Booth in a Mood (ch.4) B. Amos 1. 9 chapters, 146 verses 2. Amos means burden-bearer 3. Written around 760BC toward the end of the reign of Jeroboam II 4. From Tekoa, a village 6 miles south of Bethlehem overlooking the Dead Sea 5. Call while tending his flock (7:14-15) 6. Ministered to Israel (1:1) 7. Outline a. Judgments Against the Nations (ch.1-2) b. Judgments Against Israel (ch.3-6) c. Five Visions of Judgment (ch.7-8) d. The Promised Messiah (ch.9) C. Hosea chapters, 197 verses 2. Hosea means salvation 3. Written around 725BC shortly before the Assyrian Captivity 4. Ministry spans 7 kings of Israel and 4 kings of Judah 5. Mostly ministered to Israel (4:1,15; 5:1; 7:1; 9:1-3; 10:1; 11:1-5) 6. Outline a. The Unfaithful Wife (ch.1-3) b. The Unfaithful Nation (ch.4-14) 40

41 II. PROPHETS OF JUDAH A. Obadiah 1. 1 chapter, 21 verses 2. Obadiah means servant of the Lord 3. Time of writing unsure; one guess is between 840 and 825BC 4. Lived in Judah; prophesied against Edom B. Joel 1. 3 chapters, 73 verses 2. Joel means Jehovah is God 3. Probably written around 820BC 4. Ministered to Judah 5. Deals much with the day of the LORD (1:15; 2:1,11,31; 3:14) C. Isaiah chapters 2. Isaiah means Jehovah saves 3. Ministered during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah (1:1) 4. Contemporary with the prophets Hosea and Micah 5. Family a. Father Amoz (1:1) b. Wife a prophetess (8:3) c. His sons (1) Maher-shalal-hash-baz (8:3) means speedy is the prey (2) Shear-jashub (7:3) means a remnant shall return: 6. Songs in Isaiah a. Song of the Vineyard (ch.5) b. Song of the Redeemed (ch.12) c. Song of the Blossoming Desert (ch.35) d. Song of the Restored Wife (ch.54) 7. Outline a. Judgment of God (ch.1-39) b. Comfort of God (ch.40-66) 8. Gospel According to Isaiah a. Birth (7:14; 9:6) b. Family (11:1) c. Anointing (11:2) d. Character (11:3-4) e. Simplicity of Life (7:15) f. Gentleness (42:1-4) g. Death (ch.53) 41

42 h. Resurrection (25:8) i. Glorious reign (11:3-16; 32) 9. Four messages to Judah (repeated throughout the book) a. Rebellion (1:2-4,10-15,21-23) b. Retribution (1:5-8,15,20,28) c. Repentance (1:16-19,27) d. Restoration (1:9,18,24-31) 10. Key phrase Holy One of Israel (25 times) D. Micah 1. 7 chapters, 105 verses 2. Micah means Who is like unto Jehovah? 3. Probably written between 734 and 722BC 4. From Moresheth-gath (1:1,14) about 20 miles southwest of Jerusalem 5. Ministered mainly to Judah 6. Six prophecies already fulfilled a. Fall of Samaria (1:6-7; 722BC) b. Invasion of Judah by Sennacherib (1:9-16; 702BC) c. Fall of Jerusalem (3:12; 7:13; 586BC) d. Exile in Babylon (4:10; 586BC) e. Return From Captivity (4:1-8,13; 7:11,14-17; 520BC) f. Birth of Jesus in Bethlehem (5:2) 7. Quoted three times in the Bible a. Micah 3:12 in Jeremiah 29:18 b. Micah 5:2 in Matthew 2:5-6 c. Micah 7:6 in Matthew 10:35-36 E. Nahum 1. 3 chapters, 47 verses 2. Nahum means consolation or comforter 3. Written between 663 and 612BC 4. From Elkosh (1:1) location uncertain 5. Book is a message of judgment to Ninevah; can be considered a sequel to the book of Jonah F. Zephaniah 1. 3 chapters, 53 verses 2. Zephaniah means hidden, or protected, by Jehovah 3. Written about 627BC during the reign of Josiah 42

43 G. Habakkuk 1. 3 chapters, 56 verses 2. Habakkuk means embracer (as in encourager) 3. Probably written between 612 and 605BC 4. Two-thirds of book written as a conversation between Habakkuk and God III. PROPHETS OF THE CAPTIVITY A. Jeremiah chapters plus the 5 chapters of Lamentations 2. Jeremiah means Jehovah exalts, or establishes 3. Written before and after the time of the Babylonian conquest of Judah (586BC) 4. Known as the weeping prophet (15:10; 10:14-18) 5. From Anathoth just a few miles north of Jerusalem 6. His father, Hilkiah, was a priest. Jeremiah was called from the priesthood to be a prophet (1:1-10) 7. Suffered much (16:1-4; 26:7-16; 38:1-13) 8. Object lessons in Jeremiah a. The almond rod (ch.1) b. The boiling caldron (ch.1) c. The marred girdle (ch.13) d. The full bottle (ch.13) e. The drought (ch.14) f. The potter s vessel (ch.18) g. The broken bottle (ch.19) h. Two baskets of figs (ch.24) i. Bonds and bars (ch.27) j. Buying a field (ch.32) k. The hidden stones (ch.43) l. Book sunk in the Euphrates (ch.51) 9. Christ Pictured in Jeremiah a. The Fountain of Living Waters (2:130 b. The Great Physician (8:22) c. The Good Shepherd (31:10; 23:4) d. The Righteous Branch (23:5) e. The Redeemer (50:34) f. The LORD our Righteousness (23:6) 10. Key word return (47 times) B. Ezekiel chapters 2. Ezekiel means God strengthens 43

44 3. Written after 592BC; Ezekiel was in exile in Babylon 4. Born of a priestly heritage (1:3) 5. God revealed to Ezekiel on the same day the beginning of the siege of Jerusalem (24:2) and the death of his wife (24:15-18) 6. Lived at Tel-abib (3:15) a city for exiles near Babylon near the river Chebar(1:1), the Grand Canal, which flowed from the Euphrates above Babylon and back into the Euphrates near Erech 7. Met at his house with the elders of Judah (8:1; 14:1; 20:1) 8. Visions of Ezekiel a. Vision of the Cherubim (ch.1) b. Vision of the Roll (ch.2-3) c. Vision of the Plain (ch3) d. Visions of Jerusalem (ch.8-11) e. Vision of the Dry Bones (ch.37) f. Visions of the New Temple (ch.40-48) 9. Symbolic Actions of Ezekiel a. Sign of the brick (4:1-3) b. Sign of the prophet s posture (4:4-8) c. Sign of famine (4:9-17) d. Sign of the knife and razor (5:1-17) e. Sign of the house moving (12:1-7,17-20) f. Sign of the sharpened sword (21:1-17) g. Sign of Nebuchadnezzar s sword (21:18-23) h. Sign of the smelting furnace (22:17-31) i. Sign of Ezekiel s wife s death (24:15-27) j. Sign of the two sticks (37:15-17) 10. Allegories in Ezekiel a. The Vine (15:1-8) b. The Faithless Wife (16:1-63) c. The Two Eagles (17:1-21) d. The Cedar (17:22-24) e. The Two Women (23:1-49) f. The Boiling Caldron (24:1-14) 11. Key words a. Son of man over 90 times b. The word of the LORD came unto me 49 times 12. Outline a. Judgment (ch.1-32) b. Restoration (ch.33-48) C. Daniel chapters, 357 verses 2. Daniel means God is Judge 3. Written between 605 and 536BC, the time of Daniel s ministry 4. Greatest prophecies in the Bible on the times of the Gentiles 44

45 IV. PROPHETS OF THE RETURN A. Haggai 1. 2 chapters, 38 verses 2. Haggai means festive, or celebration 3. Written in 520BC 4. Worked with Zechariah (Ezra 5:1; 6:14) 5. Preached the importance of completing the temple (1:1-4) B. Zechariah chapters, 211 verses 2. Zechariah means The Lord remembers 3. Written between BC 4. Born into a priestly line (1:1) 5. Preached the importance of completing the temple (4:6-10) 6. Prophecies of Christ in Zechariah a. Servant (3:8) b. Branch (3:8; 6:12) c. King-Priest (6:13) d. Lowly King (9:9-10) e. Betrayed (11:12-13) f. Hands Pierced (12:10) g. Cleansing Fountain (13:1) h. Humanity and Deity (13:7; 6:12) i. Smitten Shepherd (13:7-9) j. Second Coming (14:5,9) 7. Visions in Zechariah a. The Horseman (1:7-17) b. The Horns and the Carpenters (1:18-21) c. The Measuring Line (2) d. Joshua, the high Priest (3) e. The Golden Candlesticks (4) f. The Flying Roll (5:1-4) g. The Ephah (5:5-11) h. The Four Chariots (6:1-8) C. Malachi 1. 4 chapters, 55 verses 2. Malachi means messenger of Jehovah 3. Probably written around 433BC 4. Prophet to the Jews in the land after the return from captivity 5. Ends the Old Testament with the word curse 45