Jesus! The Old Testament. Old and New What did Jesus Say?! Mt 5:17-48! 9/20/13. And the New Testament! Completes! Fulfills! Accomplishes the Promises!

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1 The Old Testament Jesus! And the New Testament! Completes! Fulfills! Accomplishes the Promises! Old Testament Summary Eden 4,000 BC Adam Noah Election 2,000 BC Abraham Exodus 1,500 BC Moses Empire 1,000 BC David & Solomon Exile & Return 500 BC Jesus Get ups and downs from Written on Heart Teacher book Old and New What did Jesus Say?! Mt 5:17-48! Relationship to New Testament (NT)! Mt 1:1 (Genealogy=Greek for study of ancestry) & Gn 5:1 (Generation=Greek genealogy)! Jesus is the New Adam! NT fulfills the Old Testament (OT)! Salvation History! Is 11:1-3! 1

2 9/20/13 Why Now? Jesus is our Faith and He fulfills the OT. To understand Him, we must understand it.! Permanent Value! Profound teachings! Beautiful Prayers! Great Literature! We Encounter God, who inspired the OT.! Ex 3:4-14! Lk 1:5-20! The OT in Jewish Terms Jewish Canon 90 AD! Torah=Teaching or Law Centrality of Sinai covenant! The Prophets! The Writings! Words from Home! Loved by God! The OT in Christian Terms! Christian canon and Jewish heritage! Creation/De-creation/Recreation! Organized into four genres! Law! History! Wisdom! Prophecy! 2

3 9/20/13 The OT: Historical Literature Tells the history of the Israelites from the conquest of Canaan to the Roman occupation Examples: 1 Sm 24: Kgs 22: 8-13 & 23: 1-4 The OT: Wisdom Literature Verse! Poems of Praise! Advice! Didactic! Psalms--Prayer Book of the Temple! Examples:! Psalm 51! Proverbs 19:1,8, & 11! Wisdom 7:7-12! The OT: Prophetic Literature Prophets! Sent by God! Warned! Comforted! Predicted! Examples:! Ez 24:15-23! Zec 2:5-17! 3

4 The OT: Legal Literature i.e. Books of the Law Torah--teaching or instruction! What s Moses to do with it? Or David? Or Solomon?! Pentateuch=five volumes! Stories and Laws! Genesis=all stories! Leviticus and Deuteronomy=mostly laws! Exodus and Numbers=1/2 and 1/2! The Pentateuch Creation to the Promised Land--almost! Origins of God s People! Monotheism--One God! God as active in humanity! Special relationship! Yahweh as Savior! Covenants! Development of the Pentateuch! B.C. Premonarchic Period: Oral Tradition! B.C. Monarchy: Oral Written Down [Yahwist (J)]! 800s B.C. Northern Kingdom Supplement [Elohist (E)]! 4

5 Development of the Pentateuch! B.C.! Fall of Northern Kingdom to Assyrians: E goes to Jerusalem and Combines with J, making one text! 700s to 400s B.C.! Deuteronomistic Writings (Deuteronomy to Kings) Develop: Deuteronomy eventually added to Torah! B.C.! Babylonian Exile: Priestly (P) Editor recast J-E to make it relevant to exilic community (emphasized land, chronology, and ritual)! The Pentateuch: Sources Four primary sources! Yahwist (J)! Yahweh=Divine Name! Concrete and imaginative! Collector and adapter! Emphasized God s closeness to humanity! Portrayed God acting as a human person! Perspective of Jews in Judah in about 10 th /9 th Century B.C.! The Pentateuch: Sources! Elohist (E)! Elohim, generic name, Hebrew word for God! Sober and moralistic! Concerned about idolatry and morality! Presented God speaking through symbols! Believers in the Northern Kingdom/Israel 9 th /8 th Century B.C.! Deuteronomist (D)! Emphasized law as the foundation of Judah! Came toward the end of the monarchy (Israelite kings)! Covenant Law forgotten! 7 th Century B.C. Josiahʼs Reforms! 5

6 The Pentateuch: Sources! Priestly (P)! Genealogical and theological! Emphasized religious ritual and role of priesthood! Portrayed God as distant! Formal style a later editor who revised all 5 books! After the return from the Babylonian exile! Not simply records of events as they occurred faith accounts about the Israelites growing relationship with God, inspired by God and told from different perspectives! Catholic Teaching on Judaism Christians and Jews forever linked God s covenant stands Rom 9:4-5 & 11:29 Forever faithful Await God s reign Will the real Messiah please stand up? Typology! OT and NT revisited! God s history! Foreshadowing! Adam & Jesus! Abraham/God & Isaac/Jesus! Salvation History revisited! God works the same throughout all of history, constantly bringing us to salvation! Type! Isaac type of Christ! 6

7 Sources! Catechism of the Catholic Church! Catholic Youth Bible! The New American Bible! Understanding the Scriptures! Written on Our Hearts! Google Images! 7