Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary GL914: Biblical Greek: Advanced Concepts Instructor: Dr. Roy E. Ciampa

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1 Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary GL914: Biblical Greek: Advanced Concepts Instructor: Dr. Roy E. Ciampa Class dates: February 9-10; March 2-3; April Class hours: 6:00pm-9:30pm, Fridays; 8:30am-4:00pm Saturdays Office hours: If the posted hours are not convenient for you please call for an appointment. Office: LL COURSE DESCRIPTION This course introduces a select set of advanced concepts in biblical Greek, including consideration of diachronic and synchronic approaches to Greek grammar (the importance of understanding the language at any given time in terms of both historical developments in the history of its use and the systematic relationships between parts of the language system and its usage at that given time), the history of Greek lexicography, discourse features, lexical and verbal aspect and their relationship to questions of tense (and temporal significance) and Aktionsart (the expression of a particular type of event structure) Special attention will be given to the application of these concepts to the interpretation of New Testament texts. (Note that the history of the Greek language, questions of phonology, morphology, poetry, and textual transmission are among issues that will not normally be covered in this course.) This Th.M.-level course is open to M.Div. and M.A. students willing to do Th.M. level work. Prerequisites for this course include a year of basic Greek, NT502 and either Intermediate Greek or at least one course in New Testament exegesis or Greek readings. COURSE OBJECTIVES Having completed this course: 1. The student will demonstrate an understanding of debates regarding verbal aspect in NT (and Hellenistic) Greek and will have formulated their own initial conclusions on various facets of the subject and understand their implications for the interpretation of NT texts (Mission statements 1 & 2). 2. The student will demonstrate an understanding of and ability to evaluate recent proposals regarding discourse features of NT Greek in the light of their study of NT texts (Mission statements 1 & 2). 3. The student will demonstrate understanding of the history of NT lexicography and the ability to assess lexicographical work and to carry out such work according to the highest standards yet achieved (Mission statements 1 & 2). 4. The student will have developed a greater sensitivity to more subtle features of NT Greek and their contributions to the communication of biblical texts (Mission statements 1 & 2). 5. The student will have gained an overview of the subject area and enjoyed the opportunity to explore more advanced concepts in the study of biblical Greek (Mission statements 1 & 2).

2 REQUIRED TEXTS GL914 - Biblical Greek: Advanced Concepts / 2 Lee, John A. L. A History of New Testament Lexicography. Studies in biblical Greek, 8. New York: P. Lang, ISBN-13: Runge, Steven E. Discourse Grammar of the Greek New Testament: A Practical Introduction to Discourse Features for Teaching and Exegesis. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 2010 (also: Bellingham, Wash.: Logos Research Systems, 2009). ISBN-13: (or through Logos: /discourse-grammar-of-the-greek-new-testament-a-practical-introductionfor-teaching-and-exegesis). Runge, Steven E. e and Christopher J. Fresch, eds. The Greek Verb Revisited: A Fresh Approach for Biblical Exegesis. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, ASIN: B01MQJ4ORJ; or ISBN-13: (or through Logos: See other required readings in the course outline below (the others are posted under Resources in the Sakai site for this course). RECOMMENDED TEXTS Allan, Rutger J. The Middle Voice in Ancient Greek: A Study in Polysemy. Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 2003 (cf. Campbell, Constantine R. Advances in the Study of Greek: New Insights for Reading the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, Campbell, Constantine R. Basics of Verbal Aspect in Biblical Greek. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, ISBN-13: (also available as a Kindle book: ASIN: B002SME1JO). Caragounis, Chrys C. The Development of Greek and the New Testament: Morphology, Syntax, Phonology, and Textual Transmission. Grand Rapids, Mich: Baker Academic, [Note: See also the review by Silva in WTJ] ISBN-13: Fanning, Buist M. Verbal Aspect in New Testament Greek. Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN Levinsohn, Stephen H. Discourse Features of New Testament Greek A Coursebook on the Information Structure of New Testament Greek. Dallas, TX: SIL International, ISBN-13: Porter, Stanley E. Idioms of the Greek New Testament. Biblical Languages: Greek 2. Sheffield: JSOT Press, ISBN-13: Porter, Stanley E. Verbal Aspect in the Greek of the New Testament, with Reference to Tense and Mood. Studies in Biblical Greek, 1. New York: Peter Lang, ISBN Porter, Stanley E., and D. A. Carson, eds. Biblical Greek Language and Linguistics: Open Questions in Current Research. JSNTSS 80. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, [Also available through Logos.]

3 COURSE REQUIREMENTS GL914 - Biblical Greek: Advanced Concepts / 3 1. Class attendance and participation. Although the course will include lectures, as much of our time as possible (depending on the class dynamic) will be spent in professor-led discussions of the readings and their application to NT texts. In any case, each student is expected to contribute to the learning environment through contributions to class discussions (being careful not to monopolize) since we will learn from each other s questions and observations. Students should be prepared to translate assigned texts and discuss the application of the relevant concepts to those texts. A subjective grade for class preparation and participation (besides asking questions, which are also welcome) will be assigned for class participation at the end of the semester. Note that absence for more than three hours of the lectures will result in a reduction of 1/3 of a letter grade for each 90 minute unit that is missed. Exceptions will be limited to extreme and unavoidable cases (e.g., medical crisis or death in the immediate family). 2. Verbal Aspect paper: Each student will write a brief (1,250 word) original research paper in which they study the use of a particular NT verb in ancient Greek (within or up to the Hellenistic period) and seek to explain patterns in the uses of tenses/aspects. Explanation will be given in class regarding the types of verbs that might be studied and how the study should proceed. Be prepared to share preliminary results with the class (and get feedback, suggestions) during the third weekend. 3. Linguistic Commentary Paper: Each student will write a paper on a passage in which they comment on the various topics discussed in the course (e.g., textual presentation, discourse features, questions of voice, lexical and verbal aspect and related issues, issues of lexicography, etc.) all in the light of the required readings, course lectures and discussions. The paper should be between 15 and 20 pages, double-spaced (except for footnotes), with one-inch margins and size 12 Times New Roman (or equivalent) font. 4. Final exam: The final exam will include (among other things) Greek texts and questions regarding the import of concepts discussed in this course for their interpretation. COURSE EVALUATION Linguistic Comm. Paper: 40 % Verbal Aspect Paper: 20 % Student Prep/Participation 10 % Final exam: 30 % 100 % ACADEMIC POLICIES Due dates Due dates for most assignments are indicated in the Course Outline. Late work will not normally be accepted. In unusual circumstances (e.g., grave sickness) the professor may elect to accept late work. Such work will be penalized according to the discretion of the professor in the light of the particular situation. The final paper is due by the seminary deadline for the submission of written work. Only the registration office can give an extension beyond that date. Intellectual property rights To protect the professor s intellectual property rights with regard to classroom content, students are asked to refrain from audio and video recording of classes, as well as audio, video, and written publication (including internet posting and broadcasting) or live transmission of

4 GL914 - Biblical Greek: Advanced Concepts / 4 classroom proceedings. In cases where explicit special permission is granted to record a session such permission is extended on a temporary use only: Any recording made is for the private use of the student only and is to be deleted/erased within two weeks of the recording. Internet usage Students are asked to refrain from accessing the internet at any point during class sessions, unless otherwise instructed by the professor. Surfing the web, checking , and other internetbased activities are distracting to other students and to the professor, and prevent the student from fully participating in the class session. Cellular Connections Due to the distracting power of application alerts (whether of news reports, Words with Friends or other apps) cell phones and other equipment cellular connections (e.g., tablets with cellular service) should be turned off (and not merely muted) during class time. Students who have an unusual need to keep a phone on and muted (e.g., a wife nearing time of delivery) should mention the fact to the professor and make sure that application alerts are turned off. Inductive Study The final paper must demonstrate the use of the tools/steps/methods taught in NT502 and in this course. A paper that primarily reflects a selection of insights from commentaries or other secondary sources will not be acceptable. Plagiarism All use of sources must be properly indicated. Read the document on plagiarism carefully and remember that use of authors words is indicated with quotation marks and a footnote and use of their ideas, but not their words, is indicated with a footnote. COURSE OUTLINE/PROPOSED SCHEDULE (subject to change at professor s discretion) Date Topics Readings, Assignments (to be completed before the class) 1 st Weekend Introduction to Course Questions of Lexical and Verbal Aspect Tools for the study of verbal aspect (including TLG and its grammatical tools, the LXX and ancient versions) Aspect and constraints 1 Cor. 7:10-11, 20-21; 11:6; 15:33-34 Essays by Porter, Fanning and Silva in Porter and Carson, eds., Biblical Greek Language and Linguistics: Open Questions in Current Research. Caragounis, Chrys C. The Development of Greek and the New Testament Morphology, Syntax, Phonology, and Textual Transmission, pages The review of Caragounis by Silva in WTJ (posted online).

5 GL914 - Biblical Greek: Advanced Concepts / 5 Verbal aspect, continued (including the question of temporal reference) On textual presentation and meaning (differences between our GNT and that of the original readers) Word formation Sentence structures as traditionally analyzed Diglossia and Register Modalities Voice, deponency and topical focus Emphatic pronouns The Greek article 2 nd weekend Discourse Grammar: Foundations (including conjunctions and asyndeton) Discourse Grammar: Forward-Pointing Devices (Part 1) Luke 22:63-65; 23:20-21; John 9:8-9; Acts 7:26-28; 16:16-18; 26:11; 28:23-24; 1 Thess. 3:4; Chapters 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 18 in Runge and Fresch, eds. The Greek Verb Revisited. Rothstein, Structuring Events: A Study in the Semantics of Lexical Aspect, pp (posted online). Steven E. Runge, Contrastive Substitution and the Greek Verb: Reassessing Porter s Argument. Ciampa s notes on verbal aspect and on ancient Greek references to the temporal features of verbs. Recommended: Remaining chapters of Runge and Fresch, eds. The Greek Verb Revisited; Campbell, Basics of Verbal Aspect in Biblical Greek; Rijksbaron, The Syntax and Semantics of the Verb in Classical Greek, Luke 1:1-4; Heb. 1:1-4; Eph. 1:3-6 BDF pages 55 69, ( , ) scan for main points (not detailed discussion) Conrad, New Observations on Voice in the Ancient Greek Verb ; Pennington, Jonathan T. Deponency in Koine Greek: The Grammatical Question and the Lexicographical Dilemma ; Pennington, Is Deponency a Valid Category for Koine Greek? Ciampa s PowerPoint handout with excerpts from Allan, Rutger J. The Middle Voice in Ancient Greek: A Study in Polysemy. Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, The whole volume is highly recommended. The original dissertation may be downloaded for free here: BDF on the Article ( ). Ciampa review of Peters, The Greek Article. Luke 24:13-21 Runge, Discourse Grammar of the Greek New Testament, pages, Recommended: Levinsohn, Discourse Features of New Testament Greek, pages Gal. 1:6-12; Heb. 9:1-11; Acts 2:41-42 Runge, Discourse Grammar of the Greek New Testament, pages, Recommended: Levinsohn, Discourse Features of New Testament Greek, pages

6 GL914 - Biblical Greek: Advanced Concepts / 6 Discourse Grammar: Forward-Pointing Devices (Part 2) Discourse Grammar: Information Structuring Devices (Part 1) Discourse Grammar: Information Structuring Devices (Part 2) Mark 14:26-37 Runge, Discourse Grammar of the Greek New Testament, pages, Gal 5:12-14; Rom 5:1-11 Runge, Discourse Grammar of the Greek New Testament, pages, Recommended: Levinsohn, Discourse Features of New Testament Greek, pages 1-67, Matt 28:16-20; Rom. 12:9-13 Runge, Discourse Grammar of the Greek New Testament, pages, Recommended: Levinsohn, Discourse Features of New Testament Greek, pages rd weekend (where we may also need to do some catching up ) Discourse Grammar: Thematic Highlighting Devices and Summary Discussion of preliminary results research for Verbal Aspect Paper. Past, Present and Future of Greek Lexicography Gal. 1:1-5; Rom. 1:1-7 Runge, Discourse Grammar of the Greek New Testament, pages, Recommended: Levinsohn, Discourse Features of New Testament Greek, pages Acts 17:10-15 Lee, A History of New Testament Lexicography. Lee, Review of The Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek (scan for key points). Ciampa, Examined the Scriptures? The Meaning of ἀνακρίνοντες τὰς γραφάς in Acts 17:11, Journal of Biblical Literature 130, no. 3 (2011): pages Green, Lexical Pragmatics and the Lexicon, Bulletin for Biblical Research 22 (2012): After reading Lee s book, familiarize yourself with my page of Greek lexicons available to consult online: Recommended: Mueller, The Semantics of Biblical Hebrew: Some Remarks from a Cognitive Perspective Friday, May 4 Last day to take final exam in Goddard Library Monday, May 7 (April 27 for May and October graduates) All written work ((Verbal Aspect paper, Linguistic commentary paper) due (the last day to submit written work).

7 History of the Greek Language Select Bibliography GL914 - Biblical Greek: Advanced Concepts / 7 Caragounis, Chrys C. The Development of Greek and the New Testament Morphology, Syntax, Phonology, and Textual Transmission. Grand Rapids, Mich: Baker Academic, [Note: See also the review by Silva in WTJ] Christides, A.-F. ed. A History of Ancient Greek from the Beginnings to Late Antiquity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, Horrocks, Geoffrey C. Greek: A History of the Language and Its Speakers. Longman Linguistics library. London: Longman, Discourse Analysis Black, David Alan, et al, eds. Linguistics and New Testament Interpretation: Essays on Discourse Analysis. Nashville, Tenn.: Broadman, Carson, D. A., and Stanley E. Porter. Discourse Analysis and Other Topics in Biblical Greek. Journal for the Study of the New Testament, 113. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, Levinsohn, Stephen H. Discourse Features of New Testament Greek A Coursebook on the Information Structure of New Testament Greek. Dallas, TX: SIL International, Runge, Steven E. Discourse Grammar of the Greek New Testament: A Practical Introduction to Discourse Features for Teaching and Exegesis. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 2010 (also: Bellingham, Wash.: Logos Research Systems, 2009). Runge, Steven E., ed. Discourse Studies & Biblical Interpretation: A Festschrift in Honor of Stephen H. Levinsohn. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, Westfall, Cynthia Long. A Discourse Analysis of the Letter to the Hebrews: The Relationship between Form and Meaning. London: Continuum, Verbal Aspect Brook, Matt. Authorial Choice and Verbal Aspect in the NT: An Investigation Using Corpus Linguistics to Identify Patterns of Aspectual Usage Linked with Lexis, Syntax and Context. 2 vols. M.Div. thesis, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, May Campbell, Constantine R. Basics of Verbal Aspect in Biblical Greek. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, [160 pages?] [I highly recommend Susan Rothstein, Structuring Events: A Study in the Semantics of Lexical Aspect (Explorations in Semantics; Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2004 [197 pages, esp. pp ]) for more detailed discussion of lexical aspect and its relationship to Aktionsart.] Campbell, Constantine R. Verbal Aspect and Non-Indicative Verbs: Further Soundings in the Greek of the New Testament. Studies in Biblical Greek, v. 15. New York: Peter Lang, Campbell, Constantine R. Verbal Aspect, the Indicative Mood, and Narrative: Soundings in the Greek of the New Testament. Studies in Biblical Greek, v. 13. New York: Peter Lang, 2007.

8 GL914 - Biblical Greek: Advanced Concepts / 8 Caragounis, Chrys C. The Development of Greek and the New Testament Morphology, Syntax, Phonology, and Textual Transmission. Grand Rapids, Mich: Baker Academic, [Note: See also the reviews by Silva in WTJ and by Fanning in BBR.] Decker, Rodney J. Temporal Deixis of the Greek Verb in the Gospel of Mark with Reference to Verbal Aspect. Studies in Biblical Greek, vol. 10. New York: Peter Lang, Fanning, Buist M. Verbal Aspect in New Testament Greek. Oxford: Clarendon Press, Hovav, Malka Rappaport, Edit Doron and Ivy Sichel, eds. Lexical Semantics, Syntax, and Event Structure. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Mathewson, David. Verbal Aspect in the Apocalypse of John: An Analysis of Revelation 5, Novum Testamentum 50 (2008), Mathewson, David. Verbal Aspect in the Book of Revelation: The Function of Greek Verb Tenses in John's Apocalypse. Leiden: Brill, McKay, K. L. A New Syntax of the Verb in New Testament Greek: An Aspectual Approach. Studies in Biblical Greek, vol. 5. New York: Peter Lang, Olsen, Mari Broman. A Semantic and Pragmatic Model of Lexical and Grammatical Aspect. New York: Garland, Porter, Stanley E. Verbal Aspect in the Greek of the New Testament, with Reference to Tense and Mood. Studies in Biblical Greek, 1. New York: Peter Lang, Porter, Stanley E., and D. A. Carson, eds. Biblical Greek Language and Linguistics: Open Questions in Current Research. JSNTSS 80. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, [Available at a more reasonable price through Logos.] Rothstein, Susan Deborah. Structuring Events: A Study in the Semantics of Lexical Aspect. Malden, MA: Blackwell, Runge, Steven E. e and Christopher J. Fresch, eds. The Greek Verb Revisited: A Fresh Approach for Biblical Exegesis. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, Greek (and some Hebrew) Lexicography Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Third edition. Revised and edited by Frederick William Danker. Based on Walter Bauer s Griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch zu den Schriften des Neuen Testaments und der frühchristlichen Literatur, sixth edition, ed. Kurt Aland and Barbara Aland, with Viktor Reichmann and on previous English editions by W. F. Arndt, F. W. Gingrich, and F. W. Danker. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, [BDAG] Chamberlain, Gary Alan. The Greek of the Septuagint: A Supplemental Lexicon. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, Ciampa, Roy E. Examined the Scriptures? The Meaning of ἀνακρίνοντες τὰς γραφάς in Acts 17:11, Journal of Biblical Literature 130, no. 3 (2011): pp Ciampa, Roy E. Revisiting the Euphemism in 1 Corinthians 7:1, Journal for the Study of the New Testament 31.3 (2009); pp

9 GL914 - Biblical Greek: Advanced Concepts / 9 Green, Gene L. Lexical Pragmatics and the Lexicon, Bulletin for Biblical Research 22 (2012): Hasselbrook, David S. Studies in New Testament Lexicography. WUNT Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, Lee, John A. L. A History of New Testament Lexicography. Studies in biblical Greek, 8. New York: P. Lang, Mueller, Enio R. Semantics of Biblical Hebrew: Some Remarks from a Cognitive Perspective ( Silva, Moisés. Biblical Words and Their Meaning: An Introduction to Lexical Semantics. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan, Taylor, Bernard, John A. L. Lee, R. Burton Peter and Richard E. Whitaker, eds. Biblical Greek Language and Lexicography. Grand Rapids, Mich: Eerdmans, van der Merwe, Christo H. J. Lexical Meaning in Biblical Hebrew and Cognitive Semantics: A Case Study, Biblica 87/2 (2006): Greek Grammars Blass, F., Debrunner, A., and R. Funk. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Burton, Ernest DeWitt. Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, Funk, Robert W. A Beginning-Intermediate Grammar of Hellenistic Greek, 3 vols. Missoula: Scholars Press, Moule, C. F. D. An Idiom Book of New Testament Greek. 2nd ed. Cambridge: at the University Press, Moulton, James Hope, W. F. Howard, and Nigel Turner. A Grammar of New Testament Greek. 4 vols. Edinburgh: T. and T. Clark, 1908, 1929, 1963, Porter, Stanley E. Idioms of the Greek New Testament. Biblical Languages: Greek 2. Sheffield: JSOT Press, Robertson, A. T. A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research. Nashville: Broadman Press, Siebenthal, Heinrich von. Griechische Grammatik zum Neuen Testament. Neubearbeitung und Erweiterung der Grammatik Hoffmann / von Siebenthal. Gießen: Brunnen, Smyth, Herbert Weir. Greek Grammar [1910]. Revised by Gordon M. Messing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, Wallace, Daniel B. Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996.

10 GL914 - Biblical Greek: Advanced Concepts / 10 Young, Richard A. Intermediate New Testament Greek: A Linguistic and Exegetical Approach. Nashville: Broadman and Holman, Zerwick, Maximilian. Biblical Greek: Illustrated by Examples. Translated and adapted by Joseph Smith. Rome: Scripta Pontificii Instituti Biblici, Deponency and the Middle Voice in NT Greek Allan, Rutger J. The Middle Voice in Ancient Greek: A Study in Polysemy. Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 2003 (cf. Conrad, Carl W. New Observations on Voice in the Ancient Greek Verb November 19, 2002 ( Pennington, Jonathan T. Deponency in Koine Greek: The Grammatical Question and the Lexicographical Dilemma, Trinity Journal 24 (2003): Pennington, Jonathan T. Is Deponency a Valid Category for Koine Greek? SBL 2003 ( Pennington, Jonathan T. Setting Aside Deponency and Rediscovering the Middle Voice for New Testament Studies, in Stanley Porter and Matthew Brook O Donnell (eds.), Studying the Greek New Testament: Papers from the SBL Greek Language and Linguistics Section. Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix, The Greek Article BDF, pages Ciampa, Roy E. Review of Ronald D. Peters, The Greek Article: A Functional Grammar of ὁ-items in the Greek New Testament with Special Emphasis on the Greek Article (Linguistic Biblical Studies, 9; Leiden/Boston: Brill, 2014) in the Bulletin for Biblical Research 26.4 (2016): Peters, Ronald D. The Greek Article: A Functional Grammar of ὁ-items in the Greek New Testament with Special Emphasis on the Greek Article. Linguistic Biblical Studies, 9; Leiden/Boston: Brill, Prepositions in Greek Bortone, Pietro. Greek Prepositions from Antiquity to the Present. Oxford University Press, Luraghi, Silvia. On the Meaning of Prepositions and Cases: Semantic Roles in Ancient Greek. Studies in language companion series 67; John Benjamins, Cognitive Linguistics Geary, James. I Is an Other: The Secret Life of Metaphor and How It Shapes the Way We See the World. New York: HarperCollins, (popular introduction)

11 GL914 - Biblical Greek: Advanced Concepts / 11 Geeraerts, Dirk, and H. Cuyckens, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, (academic introduction) General Bibliography Arzt-Grabner, Peter, et al. 1. Korinther. Papyrologische Kommentare zum Neuen Testament 2. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Bakker, Egbert J., ed. A Companion to the Ancient Greek Language. Malden, Mass: Wiley-Blackwell, Bortone, Pietro. Greek Prepositions from Antiquity to the Present. New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, Black, David Alan. Linguistics for Students of New Testament Greek: A Survey of Basic Concepts and Applications. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker, Black, Stephanie L. Sentence Conjunction in the Gospel of Matthew: καί, δέ, τότε, γάρ, οὖν and Asyndeton in Narrative Discourse. London: Sheffield Academic, Campbell, Constantine R. Advances in the Study of Greek: New Insights for Reading the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, Danove, Paul L. Grammatical and Exegetical Study of New Testament Verbs of Transference A Case Frame Guide to Interpretation and Translation. London: T & T Clark, Evans, T. V. Verbal Syntax in the Greek Pentateuch: Natural Greek Usage and Hebrew Interference. Oxford: Oxford University Press, George, Coulter H. Expressions of Agency in Ancient Greek. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, Expressions of Time in Ancient Greek. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Giannakis, Georgios K., Vit Bubenik, Emilio Crespo, Chris Golston, and Alexandra Lianeri, eds. Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics. 3 vols. Leiden; Boston: Brill, Hernández, Juan. Scribal Habits and Theological Influences in the Apocalypse: The Singular Readings of Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, and Ephraemi. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, Kwong, Ivan Shing Chung. The Word Order of the Gospel of Luke Its Foreground Messages. London: T & T Clark, 2005 Martín-Asensio, Gustavo. Transitivity-Based Foregrounding in the Acts of the Apostles: A Functional-Grammatical Approach to the Lukan Perspective. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, Montanari, Franco. The Brill Dictionary of Ancient Greek. 3 vols. Edited by Madeleine Goh and Chad Schroeder. Leiden; Boston: Brill, Porter, Stanley E., ed. Diglossia and Other Topics in New Testament Linguistics. Sheffield, Eng: Sheffield Academic Press, Porter, Stanley E. Idioms of the Greek New Testament. Biblical Languages: Greek 2. Sheffield: JSOT Press, ISBN-13:

12 GL914 - Biblical Greek: Advanced Concepts / 12 Porter, Stanley E., and D. A. Carson, eds. Biblical Greek Language and Linguistics: Open Questions in Current Research. Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series, 80. Sheffield, England: JSOT Press, Porter, Stanley E., and D. A. Carson, eds. Linguistics and the New Testament: Critical Junctures. Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, Porter, Stanley E., and Matthew Brook O'Donnell, eds. The Linguist As Pedagogue: Trends in the Teaching and Linguistic Analysis of the Greek New Testament. Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix, Rijksbaron, Albert. The Syntax and Semantics of the Verb in Classical Greek: An Introduction. 3 rd edition. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, Royse, James Ronald. Scribal Habits in Early Greek New Testament Papyri. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, Sailhamer, John. The Translational Technique of the Greek Septuagint for the Hebrew Verbs and Participles in Psalms Studies in Biblical Greek, vol. 2. New York: Peter Lang, Silva, Moisés. Interpreting Galatians: Explorations in Exegetical Method. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, See also: