Semester Exam Study Guide!

Transcription

1 Semester Exam Study Guide! You ve already been tested on these items! Name Block To review: 1. Draw a 3 x 5 notecard down each column. As it uncovers the definition, see if you can think of the word, then pull the card down and see if you were right! 2. Study Your Ch. 1 & 2 P.A.P.E.R. TECH 3D Graphic Organizer! You will have to match the ten cartoons with the ten reasons for studying History and FILL IN THE BLANK with the four ways that we know about the past (F.A.P.S.) 3. Keep your 3D Graphic Organizer on your desk as a reminder to review. You can fold these sheets and store them in the Secret Pocket of your 3D Graphic Organizer. (Just remember to take them out and REVIEW for five to ten minutes EACH NIGHT!) 4. You can also use the electronic flashcards at: Mr. Peel s Ch. 1 UNCOVERING THE PAST Study of the past based on what people left behind Archaeology! Objects created and used by humans Artifacts! Natural materials that people need and value Resources! Made up of all living and nonliving things that affect life in an area Environment! Natural features of the land's surface Landforms! Knowledge, beliefs, customs, & values of a group of people Culture! Study of the earth's physical and cultural features Geography! Weather conditions in a certain area over a long period of time Climate! A part or imprint of something that was once alive Fossil! An area with one or more features that make it different from surrounding areas Region! People have been making maps for more than years. 4,000 years! Every place on earth has a specific. Location! Ch. 2 THE STONE AGES Time before there was writing Prehistory! early ancestor of humans Hominid! relative who lived in the past Ancestor! handheld object modified to help a person accomplish a task Tool! first part of the Stone Age Paleolithic! community of people who share a common culture Society! people who hunt animals and gather wild plants Hunter-gatherers! to divide among a group of people Distribute! to move Migrate! freezing times Ice Ages! strip of land connecting two continents Land Bridge!

2 Middle Stone Age Mesolithic Era! New Stone Age Neolithic Era! process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans Domestication! creation... Development! farming... Agriculture! huge stones used as monuments Megaliths! Ch. 3 MESOPOTAMIA A large area of rich, fertile farmland Fertile Crescent! A mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks Silt! A way of supplying water to an area of land Irrigation! Human-made waterways Canals! More than needed Surplus! Arrangement in which each worker specializes in a particular task or job Division of Labor! Countryside Rural! City Urban! Land with different territories and peoples under a single rule Empire! The worship of many gods Polytheism! People who performed religious ceremonies Priests! The division of society by rank or class Social Hierarchy! The world's first writing system Cuneiform! Picture symbols Pictographs! Writer Scribe! Long poems that tell stories of heroes Epics! The science of building Architecture! A pyramid shaped temple tower Ziggurat! Set of 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life Hammurabi's Code! A wheeled harse-drawn cart used in battle Chariot! Set of letters that can be combined to form words Alphabet! Ruler of a kingdom or empire Monarch! A city and all the countryside around it City-state! Chaldean king who rebuilt Babylon Nebuchadnezzar! First ruler to have a permanent army (Akkadian territory near what is now Baghdad) Sargon! Unik King who became a legendary figure in Sumerian literature Gilgamesh! Ch. 4 ANCIENT EGYPT Strong rapids Cataracts! Triangle-shaped area of land made of soil deposited by a river Delta! King who wanted to unify Upper & Lower Egypt Menes! Title used by the rulers of Egypt Pharaoh! A series of rulers from the same family Dynasty! Period in Egyptian history that lasted from about 2700 BC to 2200 BC Old Kingdom! Famous pharaoh of the Old Kingdom Khufu! People from the rich and powerful families Nobles! Acquire To Get! Life after death Afterlife! Specially treated bodies wrapped in cloth Mummies! People of wealth and power Elite! A way of doing something Method! Huge stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that meet in a point Pyramids! Application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes Engineering! A period of order and stability that lasted until about 1750 BC Middle Kingdom!

3 Period during which Egypt reached the height of its power and glory New Kingdom! Paths followed by traders Trade Routes! Pharaoh who came to power in the 1200s BC and had a very long reign Ramses the Great! Pharaoh who worked to increase Egyptian trade Queen Hatshepsut! Binding legal agreements Contracts! Egyptian writing system Hieroglyphics! Long-lasting paper-like material made from reeds Papyrus! A stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics, Greek text, and Egyptian Rosetta Stone! Imaginary creatures with the bodies of lions & head of other animals or humans Sphinxes! A tall, four-sided pillar that is pointed on top Obelisk! In 1922 archaeologists found the tomb of King Tutankhamen! Power or influence Authority! Kushite King who attacked Egypt Piankhi! A system of people in different lands who trade goods Trade network! Traders Merchants! Items sent out to other regions Exports! Goods brought in from other regions Imports! First woman to rule Kush Queen Shanakhdakheto! Aksum King who took over Kush King Ezana! Ch.5 ANCIENT INDIA A large landmass that is smaller than a continent Subcontinent! Seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons Monsoons! The most important language of ancient India Sanskrit! Divided Indian society into groups based on a person s birth, wealth, or occupation Caste System! The largest religion in India today Hinduism! Process of rebirth in Hinduism Reincarnation! The effects that good or bad actions have on a person s soul Karma! Based on the teachings of a man named Mahavira Jainism! The avoidance of violent actions Nonviolence! Going without food Fasting! The focusing of the mind on spiritual ideas Meditation! Siddhartha Gautama was called the Enlightened One or The Buddha! A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha Buddhism! A state of perfect peace Nirvana! People who work to spread their religious beliefs Missionaries! Founded the Mauryan Empire in the 320s BC Candragupta Maurya! Strongest of all the Mauryan emperors Asoka! Emperor who took the throne in India in 375 and Gupta Society reached its high point Candra Gupta II! The science of working with metals Metallurgy! Mixtures of two or more metals Alloys! Numbers we use today are called Hindu-Arabic Numerals! Injecting a person with a small dose of a virus to help him or her build up defenses to a disease Inoculation! The study of stars and planets Astronomy! To set up or create Establish! A series of steps by which a task is accomplished Process! Ch. 6 ANCIENT CHINA A prediction Oracle! A hard gemstone Jade! People of high rank Lords! Farmers with small farms Peasants!

4 The most influential teacher in Chinese history Confucius! Moral Values Ethics! The ideas of Confucius Confucianism It stressed living in harmony with the Dao (guiding force of all reality) Daoism! The most famous Daoist teacher Laozi! The belief that people were bad by nature and needed to be controlled Legalism! First emperor who unified China Shi Huangdi! A barrier that linked earlier walls across China s northern frontier Great Wall! Uses the position of shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day Sundial! A device that measures the strength of an earthquake Seismograph! Practice of inserting fine needles through the skin at specific points to cure disease or relieve pain Acupuncture! A soft, light, highly valued fabric Silk! 4,000-mile-long network of routes that stretched westward from eastern china to the Mediterranean Sea Silk Road! The spread of ideas from one culture to another Diffusion! Ch. 7 HEBREWS & JUDAISM The Hebrews religion Judaism! Left Mesopotamia and led his followers to Canaan Abraham! Led the Hebrews out of Egypt Moses! Moses led his people out of Egypt in a journey called the Exodus! A code of moral laws given to Moses Ten Commandments! Scattering of Jews outside of Israel and Judah Diaspora! King of Israel after Saul David! Son of David who became king of Israel in 965 BC Solomon! The belief in only one god Monotheism! The most sacred text of Judaism Torah! Jewish house of worship Synagogue! People who are said to receive messages from God to be taught to others Prophets! Basic beliefs, rules, or laws Principles! A set of commentaries, stories, and folklore Talmud! Writings by jews who lived about 2,000 years ago (founding 1947) Dead Sea Scrolls! Rebellious Jews who thought that Jews should not answer to anyone but God Zealots! Jewish religious teachers Rabbis! A time for Jews to remember the Exodus Passover! The two most sacred of all Jewish holy days High Holy Days! CH. 8 ANCIENT GREECE Change, or have an effect on Influence! A high Hill Acropolis! Age marked by great achievements Classical Age! Greek word for a city-state Polis! Led Athens government from about 460 BC until his death in 429 BC Pericles! A leader who held power through the use of force Tyrant! People who had the right to participate in government Citizens! A government in which only a few people have power Oligarchy! Rich landowners Aristocrats! A type of government in which people rule themselves Democracy! Short stories that teach the reader lessons about life or give advice on how to live Fables! Famous Greek writer of fables Aesop! Famous Greek woman lyric poet Sappho! Wrote epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey Homer! A body of stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works Mythology!

5 Vocab. Tech! Stick Glue Stick Glue 1. Cut Out, Stick Glue Together, and Turn Over. (Blank Side Up!) 2. Draw This Card Down Each Column Of Vocabulary Definitions. 3. Expose Each Definition, See If You Can Think Of The Word, Then Pull The Card Down And See If You Were Right! 4. Practice 5 10 Minutes Each Night! Vocab. Tech! Stick Glue Stick Glue 1. Cut Out, Stick Glue Together, and Turn Over. (Blank Side Up!) 2. Draw This Card Down Each Column Of Vocabulary Definitions. 3. Expose Each Definition, See If You Can Think Of The Word, Then Pull The Card Down And See If You Were Right! 4. Practice 5 10 Minutes Each Night!

6 Mr. Peel s HistoryClassRoom.com P.A.P.E.R. TECH! P.aper A.nd P.aste E.ducational R.eview 3D Graphic Organizers DIRECTIONS: 1. Cut out cartoons, fold BACK stick glue tabs, and stick glue over numbered rectangles. 2. Complete the timeline, cut out, and stick glue (THREE SIDES ONLY) on the back of the main page. (This will make your Secret Pocket. ) (See page 25) 3. Draw an illustration for each of the four ways that we know about the past (fossils, artifacts, primary sources, and secondary sources). 4. Label each illustration, cut out the house, fold BACK each triangle and square, stick glue together, and place over the direction square.

7 Stick Glue 1 1. So that we can LEARN from the experience of others WITHOUT PAYING THE PRICE it cost them. John Jay ( A.D.) The Federalist, No. 5 Stick Glue 2 2. In order to IMPROVE OURSELVES by following the examples of great men and women of the past. Marcus Aurelius ( A.D.) Meditations, Book 12 Stick Glue 3 3. To LEARN the constant and UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN NATURE by seeing men reacting in different kinds of situations and circumstances. Hume ( A.D.) An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Section 8 (Of Liberty and Necessity), Part 1 Stick Glue 4 4. In order to JUDGE OUR OWN CUSTOMS and actions BETTER by examining the customs of different peoples. Descartes ( A.D.) Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting Reason and Seeking for Truth in the Sciences, Part 1 Stick Glue 5 5. In order to PRESERVE DISCOVERIES and INVENTIONS. Aristotle ( B.C.) Politics, Book 10 Why Study History? Excerpts from The Classics Declassified 1977 D. Peel P.A.P.E.R. TECH! Ch. 1 Uncovering the Past Ch. 2 The Stone Ages & Early Cultures DIRECTIONS: 1. Cut out cartoons, fold BACK stick glue tabs, and stick glue over numbered rectangles. 2. Complete the timeline, cut out, and stick glue on the back of this page. (See page 25) 3. Draw an illustration for each of the four ways that we know about the past (fossils, artifacts, primary sources, and secondary sources). 4. Label each illustration, cut out, fold BACK each triangle and square, stick glue together, and place over this square. How We Know About the Past! Name Block 2009 Mr. Peel s HistoryClassRoom.com P.A.P.E.R TECH (P.aper A.nd P.aste E.ducational R.eview) 3D Organizers viewvideo.php?video_id=38538&title=how_we_know Stick Glue 6 6. To help SOLVE OUR PROBLEMS BY defining the problem and SHOWING US WHAT HAS AND HAS NOT WORKED IN THE PAST. Aristotle ( B.C.) Metaphysics, Book 2 Stick Glue 7 7. To PRAISE THE WORTHY ACTS of the past and KEEP MEN FROM DOING EVIL FOR FEAR OF HOW THEY WILL BE VIEWED BY HISTORY. Tacitus (c A.D.) The Annals, Book 3 Stick Glue 8 8. In order to "TRAVEL" TO ANOTHER PLACE AND TIME by "listening" to people describe their time and country. (We can "talk" to the great and heroic men and women of the past.) Descartes ( A.D.) Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting Reason and Seeking for Truth in the Sciences, Part 1 Stick Glue 9 9. In order to KEEP OUR PRINCIPLES ALIVE by keeping those thoughts alive. (Freedom, etc.) Marcus Aurelius ( A.D.) Meditations, Book 7 Stick Glue To help (to some extent) PREDICT THE FUTURE. Thucydides (c B.C.) The History of the Peloponnesian War, Book 1, ch. 1

8 Stick Glue Tab 1 Stick Glue Tab 5 Stick Glue Tab 8 Stick Glue Tab 2 Stick Glue Tab 6 Stick Glue Tab 9 Stick Glue Tab 3 Stick Glue Tab 7 Stick Glue Tab 4 Stick Glue Tab 10

9 NOTES: 4 5 million 500,000 11,000 8,500

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11 Artifacts Fossils Secondary Sources Primary Sources Fold Fossils, Artifacts, Primary & Secondary Sources and place inside the house. Put Timeline on the BACK of the first page.