Judaism First of the Abrahamic Faiths
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1 Judaism First of the Abrahamic Faiths
2 Judaism Explained: Religions in Global History Watch Video Quick Summary of most of the Powerpoint if need recap
3 Abraham (1800 BCE) Father of all Judaism Lived in City-State of Ur According to Judaic belief YWH (Yahweh or God) spoke to Abraham to leave Mesopotamia and promised a new land and make descendants into mighty nation. Abraham settles into Canaan
4 Canaan: Promised Land or Palestine
5 Twelve Tribes Jacob Grandson of Abraham Renamed Israel : Hence name Israelites Israel s sons made up 12 tribes Jacob and family left to Egypt because of famine. Israelites lived there for 430 years.
6 Moses and the Exodus (1200ish BCE) Israelites were enslaved to Egyptians According to Jewish belief their God tells Moses to deliver Israelites from Egypt Moses demands Pharaoh to release people. Pharaoh refused so 10 plagues stroke Egypt. After 10 th plague Pharaoh lets people go to Promised Land
7 Moses and Exodus Pharaoh sends army to kill Israelites According to Hebrew Bible, God parted the Red Sea and the Israelites crossed Pharaoh s army drowned in the Red Sea Exodus: Departure of Israelites out of slavery in Egypt
8 Tabernacle God s tent Located at Shiloh Housed Ark of the Covenant Ark was sign of God s presence and guaranteed victory against enemies
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10 Judges Overall Theme Israelites worshipped other gods Enemies harass them They plead to YWH YWH has a judge deliver them Israelites return to YWH
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12 Israel Kingdom is formed Tribes of Israel wanted a united kingdom Samuel, the last judge, anoints Saul as Israel s first king.
13 Saul (1021 B.C B.C.) Fought against Israel s enemies, especially the Philistines Disobedient to God because of no offerings before battle and didn t follow His commands Samuel rebukes Saul and in turn by Judaic belief God told him to search for another king.
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15 David (1000 BC 970 BC) David was anointed as the future king of Israel Famously known for the battle against Goliath Saul eventually gets jealous and David is forced to live in exile. Saul and his reign ends when him and his sons die in battle against the Philistines.
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17 David (1000 BC 970 BC) David becomes king of Israel and starts the Golden Age He conquers and beats many enemies, expanding Israel s territories Greatest victory is over the city of what we call Jerusalem, also known as the City of David.
18 David (1000 BC 970 BC) David is also known as a famous writer and musician Most of his work is composed of the Ketuvim (Writings in the Hebrew Bible or also known as the TaNaKh) He wrote many Psalms- Poems
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20 Solomon (970 B.C. 930 B.C.) Wisest King of Israel Built Temple, known as Solomon s temple He brought wealth, peace, and population growth He is famous for writing Proverbs- Wise sayings
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25 Divided Kingdom Israelites disliked Solomon s taxes & projects 922 B.C. after Solomon s death, the kingdom split into two. Northern kingdom known as Israel (Ten Tribes) Southern kingdom known as Judah (Two Tribes)
26 Fall of Israel (Northern Kingdom) Assyrians defeat Israel in 722 B.C. Assyrians mixed w/ remaining Israelites. Their descendants became known as Samaritans
27 Fall of Judah 597 B.C.: Chaldeans led by Nebuchadnezzar forced some people of Judah to live in Babylon King of Judah rebelled and in 586 BC Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Jerusalem, the temple, and spread out Judah s inhabitants. This is known as the Babylonian Exile or Diaspora
28 Return to Jerusalem King Cyrus of the Medes defeats Babylonian Empire In 537 BC King Cyrus allows the Jewish people return to rebuild temple and city of Jerusalem
29 Greeking Out Alexander the Great, (a king of Macadon we shall discuss later) conquers most of known world until 323 BC when he died randomly Greek Empire divided into five kingdoms Seleucid Empire controlled Babylonian part, including all of Israel
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31 Maccabees: It s Hammer time Jewish family led revolt against the Seleucids in 160 BCE and for about 100 years ruled as an independent kingdom. 63 BCE the Roman Empire conquered them and imposed heavy taxation and over time forced the Hebrews to worship the Roman Emperor.
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35 Jewish Rebellions Zealots were the most rebellious of the Jewish community Believed should only listen to God, not foreign authority Led to a bloody revolt which didn t turn out well for the Zealots Romans capture Jerusalem and destroy the Second Temple in 70 CE Besieged a Fort called Masada Lots of engineering was needed to take the fort but by the time Romans came in, all 1,000 Zealots committed suicide.
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37 Second Jewish Revolt 60 years later, Jewish people attempted to rebel once more. Romans defeated them once more. Jewish people were banned from Jerusalem and forced to migrate throughout other parts of Roman Empire
38 Spread of Judaism Ashkenazim Jewish people from France. Germany, and eastern Europe Sephardim Jewish people from Spain and Portugal Yiddish: Hebrew alphabet but similar to German Ladino: Mix of Spanish, Hebrew, and Arabic Isolated from other communities Mixed with local non-jews
39 Religion Monotheism: Belief in one God Kosher: Foods Jewish people can not eat or can eat in a prepared way
40 3 Major Sects of Judaism Orthodox Most strict view of the ancient laws Reform Loose interpretations of the Mosaic Laws Conservative Balanced between other two groups Laws are divine Laws are used to follow ethical insights and morality Torah is important, but focuses more on identity
41 Written and Oral Torah TaNaKh T: Torah First Five books Oral Torah Talmud N: Nevi im Prophetic Writings K: Ketuvim Writings Mishnah Oral teachings of Moses Gemara: Commentaries of everyday life
42 Dead Sea Scrolls Writings found by a place called Qumran Written in between 100 BCE to CE 50. These writings were letters, prayers, commentaries, and passages from the TaNaKh
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45 Jewish Holidays
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