Saturday, September 21, 13. Since Ancient Times

Transcription

1 Since Ancient Times

2 Judah was taken over by the Roman period. Jews would not return to their homeland for almost two thousand years. Settled in Egypt, Greece, France, Germany, England, Central Europe, Poland and Russia. Diaspora - living in exile Kept their religion strong by emphasizing home life and family ties.

3 They were generally left alone for hundred of years. Mingled freely with peoples of other faiths and backgrounds. Until the Crusades

4 The First Crusade Rival religion to Judaism and Christianity arose in Arabia. Islam was founded by Mohammed. Muslims were called to spread the new faith through holy wars. Jerusalem and the whole Fertile Crescent came under Arab control

5

6 For 400 years, Christians made pilgrimages to Jerusalem the Turks conquered Jerusalem Made the holy city part of their Ottoman Empire. Made things difficult for Christian pilgrims Had to pay a high tax and were cruelly mistreated.

7

8 Pope Urban II called for a Crusade to free the Holy Land from the Muslims.

9 Many Christians blamed the Jews for the death of Christ. Christians considered the Jews to be infidels like the Muslims. Crusade gave the Christians the chance to wipe out Jewish populations.

10 First Crusade began Jewish communities situated on the Rhine and Danube Rivers were slaughtered by Christians Worms, Germany Jews were murdered in one day. Many others committed suicide. Cities of Mainz, Cologne, and Prague - Jews were massacred Jerusalem - Muslims and Jews were killed by the Christians

11

12 Crusades Video v=x0zudtqelzi

13 Persecution, Ghettos, and Expulsion Long period of persecution began for Jews in Europe. Christians began to look at Jewish physical features, language, manners, diet, and rituals with a prejudicial eye. Jews were accuse of: kidnapping Christian children and sacrificing them. poisoning Christian wells being sorceresses

14 Legal restrictions and expulsion Pope Innocent III ordered that Jews and to dress differently to distinguish them from Christians. yellow wheel or circle pointed hat ( Jew Hat) England - had to wear yellow badges England, France and other countries expelled their Jewish populations (kicked them out)

15 Pope Innocent III Pointed Hat Jew Hat

16 Many Jews were killed in Pogroms (organized massacred of minority groups) German town of Belitz - the entire Jewish population was burned alive Many Jews left and migrated to Poland and Lithuania. Some returned to Palestine to live under Islamic rule

17 Belitz, Germany Poland Lithuania

18

19 Ghettos - sections of cities where racial or minority groups are forced to live in dismal, overcrowded condition Jews were forced to live in the ghettos closed off by walls from other parts of the city. Forced into ghettos through the Second World War

20

21 Periods of Peace and Acceptance Spain was ruled by the Moors (Muslims) for some 800 years after Mohammed founded the Islamic religion in 622. Spain Jews lived in peace and prospered Wealthy landowners high positions in the government lived in comfort and security made contributions to Spanish life From period: Golden Age of Spain

22

23 After 1300 Christians of Spain began to drive the Moors out. Turned to the Jews Spain became a unified nation under Ferdinand and Isabella and expelled the Jews from the country

24 Late 18th century American and French Revolutions Jews of Europe enjoyed a long period of peace and stability. Ideas of freedom and liberty European countries gave citizenship to Jews Tolerance continued through the 20th century except in Poland and Russia were pogroms continued

25

26 Repression and the Zionist Movement Poland anti-semitism (hatred of Jews) remained as entrenched as ever Thousands of innocent Jewish men, women, and children were murdered in Poland in the 19th century

27

28 Russia the early 1900s - starting with the assassination of Czar Alexander II pogroms were frequent. Thousands of Russian Jews immigrated to the US Example is Golda Meir who in 1969 became the Prime Minister of Israel.

29

30 Russia Hundreds were killed in a pogrom that occurred in Russian Civil War Bolsheviks (communist) came to power and created the Soviet Union 2,000 pogroms and more than 100,000 Jews were killed

31

32 Zionist Movement was started in the late 19th Century Goal was the formation of a Jewish nation in Palestine Founded in 1887 by Theodor Herzl Austrian Jewish lawyer and journalist Zionist - derived from Zion which was a hill in ancient Jerusalem.

33 Theodor Herzl

34 Palestine Thousands of Jews immigrated Palestine was part of the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire The Turks, Germany, and Austria-Hungary were defeated in WWI British occupied Palestine Britain had a mandate over the region. Would govern the area until the people were ready for self-government

35

36 Palestine tensions Tensions between the Jews and Arabs Great Britain issued the Balfour Declaration Affirmed Britain s support of a Jewish homeland in Palestine British also promised the Arabs the land of Palestine as well England stopped allowing the immigrations of Jews to Palestine

37

38 The Holocaust Holocaust burnt whole Deliberate attempt of Nazi Germany to exterminate the entire Jewish population of Europe during WWII 6-8 million Jews were murdered (Gypsies, Slavic peoples, political prisoners)

39

40 Adolf Hitler Came to power in Germany because he blamed the Jews for all of the countries woes inferior race Jews needed to be eliminated for the good of all Germans classified Jews as second-class citizens forced to wear yellow star barred from certain kinds of employment

41

42 Beatings Burning of Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues Concentration camps Worked to death more camps Dachua and Buchenwald Germany took over Poland and other countries

43

44 Camps thousands of Jews were shot outright or killed Russia death squads of SS troops went into occupied territory and murdered more than a million Jews Final Solution 1942 Use of the gas chambers in special extermination camps.

45 Majority of the death camps were located in Poland Auschwitz, Treblinka and Sobibor symbols of horror Between 12,000 and 20,000 Jews were gassed and their bodies were burned.

46

47 Prior to the Holocaust After the Holocaust 9.5 million Jews lived in Europe 3 million remained alive

48

49 Holocaust video v=as98man3xtg

50 The State of Israel November United Nations decided that Palestine should be divided into a Jewish state and an Arab state. Jews accepted the proposals Arabs wanted the Jews out of Palestine

51

52 Israel was attacked by Syria, Egypt, Lebanon, Transjordan (Jordan), Saudi Arabia, and Iraq fighting lasted for seven months Arab-Israeli Wars 1948, 1956, 1967, and 1973 Israelis won each war Israel was able to win against their invaders

53

54 Israeli-Arab Conflict v=ytcqeizxrpo