MUSLIM WORLD EXPANDS HONORS WORLD CIVILIZATIONS, CHAPTER 18
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1 MUSLIM WORLD EXPANDS HONORS WORLD CIVILIZATIONS, CHAPTER 18
2 THIS CHAPTER 0VERALL 2 SECTIONS: Ottomans Build Vast Empire Cultural Blending (we won t cover the 3 rd section) MAIN IDEAS Empire Building (as always) Cultural Interaction (blending & diffusion) Power & Authority (where does it come from?) Geography (as always)
3 HOW DO YOU GOVERN A DIVERSE EMPIRE? (I HAVE NO IDEA)
4 SECTION 1: OTTOMANS BUILD VAST EMPIRE SETTING THE STAGE: We are now looking at a vast empire begun in Chapter 10, one of the largest the world would ever, or has, seen. We are dropped into history at around 1300 (what s going on elswhere in the world then?) KEYS: Byzantine Empire (a legacy of the Eastern Romans) is declining. Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), was slowly uniting and rising as a militaristic people. Here we go.
5 TURKS MOVE INTO BYZANTIUM Anatolian Turks saw themselves as Ghazis Osman, well he had Ottomans. And he had a son named Orkhan I who declared himself Sultan. 1361, Ottomans captured Adrianople. But Then came Tamerlane (Timur the Lame), who halted the Ottomans. When he went off to China looking to expand, things happened. THEN, in 1453, Mehmet II, conquered Constantinople! Why was this such a huge thing for The West?? (Lesson/quiz) Renamed it.
6 PRIMARY DOCUMENT EXERCISE Your text has an excerpt of a primary document, The Conquest of Constantinople. Read it, and write a sentence or two on what you think of it. Then, read THIS. Write 2-3 more sentences on your thoughts after reading this.
7 CONSTANTINOPLE / ISTANBUL
8 PLAYING DEFENSE: CHAIN ACROSS THE GOLDEN HORN
9
10 SELIM THE GRIM KEEPS IT GOING Mehmed s grandson, well he conquers Mecca & Medina (a big deal), and Cairo. Wow. All in the early 1500 s Please know where these cities are.
11 SULEYMAN THE LAWGIVER AKA THE MAGNIFICENT His hats were off the charts Reigned over empire at its maximum size. His armies made it in 1526 almost to the gates of Vienna. This is a scary story for Europeans. Extremely rare live footage Now shalt thou feel the force of Turkish arms Which lately made all Europe quake for fear. (Christopher Marlowe) Read MORE Had a great Navy! Great military overall What do his laws and law code remind you of? According to Europeans, was he a good guy? Let s learn more about him and the fort of Rhodes..
12 RANDOM (BUT FASCINATING) HISTORICAL THOUGHT: THE EFFECT OF WEATHER UPON HISTORY George Washington s Army in New York City fog, Battle of Long Island, 1776 Spanish Armada. A Protestant Wind Charles XII, Napoleon, & Hitler invade Russia, 1707, 1812, 1941 Hailstorms spark the French Revolution, 1789 Divine wind (kamikaze) saves Japan from the Mongols, 13 th century Sea Breezes (and Themistocles) save Western Culture...Thanks for that. 480 BC Sunshine over Hiroshima, and clouds over Kokura, but not Nagasaki, 1945
13 OTTOMAN EMPIRE AT IT S HEIGHT Empire reaches its limits (from last slide). Belgrade, Tripoli, more He (Suleyman) became the most powerful monarch on earth! Highly Structured Social Organization Law Code Devshirme Janissaries Freedom of Religion (was this true elsewhere? (what s a MILLET) Cultural Flowering. Who is SINAN??
14 EMPIRE DECLINES SLOWLY They all do. Who is the most powerful empire in the world now? When will they decline, and why? (You can use history to predict the future). So much for primogeniture. So much for brotherly love. Yikes. How d they come up with this practice? Does this have any parallels in other cultures??
15 CULTURAL BLENDING: SAFAVID EMPIRE What is cultural blending in the abstract? STOP! Think of an example (other than the Safavid Empire) Is cultural blending good, or bad?
16 CAUSES OF CULTURAL BLENDING/DIFFUSION NAME THEM! Migration Religious freedom/conversion Trade Conquest Bad Directions/lost at sea (you get lost and wind up somewhere else.. Forever) Any others?
17 RESULTS OF CULTURAL BLENDING/DIFFUSION Can lead to changes in: LANGUAGE RELIGION & ETHICS STYLES OF GOVERNMENT RACIAL/ETHNIC BLENDING ART & ARCHITECTURE
18 REALLY? I hate to be negative here, but isn t all cultural blending some form of war/violence/power struggle?
19 CASE STUDY: SAFAVID EMPIRE,
20 BUILDING EMPIRE; FUN, AND NOT SO Were Shi ite FUN, FACTS Squeezed between 2 empires (Ottoman and Mughal). Ask me about Otto von Bismarck here. Isma il becomes SHAH of Iran, the first Shah of the Safavid Dynasty 1499 Not so much on the religious tolerance. To say the least The wars between the Safavid (Shi a) and the Ottoman empire (Sunni) defined the border of Iraq and Iran as it is today!
21 SAFAVID GOLDEN AGE, Shah Abbas, took throne in 1587 REFORMS: Name them now! NEW CAPITAL: Esfahan ART: Great Chinese influence CARPETS:
22 THIS EMPIRE DECLINES QUICKLY THIS TIME Sound familiar? They all do. Who, again, is the most powerful empire in the world now? When will they decline, and why? So much for primogeniture. So much for brotherly love. Yikes. How d they come up with this practice? Come ON. Does this have any parallels in other cultures??
23 MINI RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT! Choose 1 of the following topics and use your research skills (whatever you have) to write a brief historical essay The Effect of Weather on History The Rise and Fall of a Great Power. Pick an empire we HAVEN T studied! Describe where it came from, how it rose, and why it fell, and why this story is all too familiar. Cultural Blending. Find a significant example of cultural blending between two cultures/civilizations Bonus: Discuss a significant cultural practice of a culture/civilization that is based on GEOGRAPHY.
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