Chapter 2: The Evolution of the Interstate System and Alternative Global Political Systems

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chapter 2: The Evolution of the Interstate System and Alternative Global Political Systems"

Transcription

1 Chapter 2: The Evolution of the Interstate System and Alternative Global Political Systems I. Introduction II. Sovereignty A. Sovereignty B. The emergence of the European interstate system C. China: the Confucian empire D. Islam s founding and expansion A. As defined by the 1933 Montevideo convention 1. A permanent population 2. A defined terroritory 3. A government 4. The capacity to enter into relations with other states B. Internal face of sovereignty C. External face of sovereignty III. The emergence of the European interstate system A. The transition from Europe s Middle Ages 1. Europe s feudal system a. Social and economic structure (1) Hierarchy of relationships with the pope and Holy Roman emperor at the top, followed by nobles, then peasants (2) Political and economic systems were localized (3) Property rights were shared and overlapping (4) Inhabitants of Europe shared a common identity as Christians b. Political power (1) Overlapping secular and religious authority c. Military service (1) Knights rendered military service to lords in return for authority over peasants and land 1

2 (2) Knightly violence strangled trade, impoverished peasants, and weakened the kingdoms (3) The distinction between war and crime was blurred 2. The end of feudalism a. Urbanization b. Growing trade c. A new class of urban merchants (1) Sought security and freedom (2) Provided kings with the fiscal means to create their own armies B. Machiavelli s world: Italy s city-states 1. Appeared in 10th-century Italy 2. Each had its own ruler 3. Rivalries among rulers produced insecurity 4. Niccolò Machiavelli argued that to ensure their survival, rulers must follow a political morality different than that of average persons 5. City-states succumbed to larger territorial states as the dominant form of political organization a. They could not compete economically or militarily with larger rivals b. Large states used wealth to accumulate military power and military power to acquire more wealth C. On the road to sovereignty 1. State evolution accelerated with Europe s wars of religion following the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter Reformation of the 16th and 17th centuries 2. The Peace of Augsburg (1555) was the first legal effort to establish a peaceful coexistence between Catholics and Protestants a. The prince alone, as sovereign, could determine the religion of his subjects b. The Peace of Augsburg did not end religious controversy 3. In this context, Jean Bodin and Thomas Hobbes contemplated the idea of sovereignty 4. The Thirty Years War ( ) was a critical moment in the development of sovereignty 2

3 a. Initially centered on religious animosity unleashed by the Protestant Reformation b. After 1635, political questions became paramount c. The war played an important role in the development of international law between, rather than above, states d. The war ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 (1) Recognized the two religions had to coexist (2) Limits had to be placed on war (3) Restored the Peace of Augsburg and granted sovereignty to Europe s states 5. From dynastic to popular sovereignty a. The sovereign state continued to evolve b. During the 18th century, states featured dynastic sovereignty (1) States were governed by conservative, absolutist monarchs who sought to increase their personal power and assure the future of their family dynasties (2) Princely and dynastic interests mattered more than national interests (3) France under the Sun King, Louis XIV ( ) provides an example c. In this era, wars were fought for limited aims, especially territory (1) Kings wanted to increase wealth and stature, but avoid threats to their thrones (2) Kings had a common interest in respecting the principle of sovereignty (3) This period is frequently cited as a model by realists (a) Global politics was controlled by a small group of great powers (b) Foreign affairs remained in the hands of professional diplomats (c) Ideology was absent (d) Rulers regarded their domains as members of a European society of states (e) The central norm of the era was the balance of power 3

4 I. The only way to limit the power of expansive states was to confront them with equal or greater power II. Realists believe the balance of power was conducive to peace during this era, but they do disagree about what the balance of power actually meant III. European leaders believed it meant forming temporary alliances to ensure the survival of great powers, when threatened IV. Great powers had no permanent friends or enemies V. European leaders came to see it as an essential aspect of Europe s laws and customs VI. The balance of power contravened the norms of sovereignty in some respects A. it featured respect for the independence and rights of great powers B. it had no such respect for smaller states C. Balance-of-power rhetoric expressed the obligations that great powers were believed to owe one another when sovereignty alone provided inadequate protection VII. The balance of power is less relevant today for several reasons A. Balance-of-power theorists assume that there exists a state system of equivalent units and not a system consisting of different kinds of actors such as states, terrorist groups, and corporations B. There has to be a relatively equal distribution of power among a sufficient number of major actors to permit any of them to be stopped C. It must be possible to estimate precisely the distribution of military power 4

5 D. Actors must be ideologically compatible to join each other in flexible alliances E. For the balance to be preserved, diplomacy must be shielded from aroused publics and conducted by dispassionate professional diplomats who can negotiate with one another flexibly and make concessions when necessary VIII. The utility of the balance of power declined as the idea of monarchical absolutism yielded to popular control of states. IX. The most important event in the development of popular sovereignty was the French Revolution ( ) X. Nations and Nationalism A. A nation is a group of people united by ties such as shared history, religion, blood or kinship, and language. B. Nationalism is the passionate desire on the part of such people to defend and glorify that group C. The spread of nationalism changed the world forever D. The French Revolution transformed the essential nature of states and nationalism spread across Europe E. With nationalism and industrialization, the size and intensity of wars expanded dramatically XI. France, under Napoleon Bonaparte, sought to export its ideas to the dynastic states of Europe XII. France came to be seen as a mortal threat to the remaining dynasties of Europe XIII. Following Napoleon s defeat in 1815, the leaders of Austria, Russia, Prussia, and Britain convened at the Congress of Vienna 5

6 IV. China: The Confucian Empire A. Imperial China A. They limited France to its 1792 borders, restored the French monarchy, and allowed France to rejoin the great powers B. They also created the Congress of Europe to step in when Europe s stability was threatened by aggression of one of the great powers or domestic revolution C. Four main conferences were held between 1815 and 1822 XIV. Increasingly, in 19th-century Europe nationalism and democracy challenged dynastic rule 1. China s outlook was built on the conviction that it was the center of the world and that the emperor was the ruler of the universe 2. The political universe was believed to be centrally and hierarchically organized. 3. All people were subject to China s emperor 4. The Chinese conceived the world as a series of concentric circles with China, the Middle Kingdom, at the center 5. China s government philosophy was strongly influenced by Confucius ( BC) a. The quality of rulership depended on adherence to traditional moral principles b. It was believed that moral behavior would increase imperial power and produce harmony (not conflict) c. China s sense of superiority and its effort to isolate the empire from outsiders clashed with European, American, and Japanese expansionism, and China s ability to resist foreign penetration crumbled in the 19th century. 6. Asian versus Western values a. Western values (1) Unfettered capitalism (2) Individual self-realization (3) Limited government 6

7 (4) Political democracy b. Asian values V. Islam s founding and expansion A. The Caliphate (1) Many Asians see their values as different from those of the West (2) Stress obligations of individuals to the welfare and values of the community (3) In China and South Korea, Confucian norms remain influential in what foreign observers call New Confucianism or Confucian capitalism (a) Individuals are part of a complex system of human relations (b) Social life cannot be separated from family relations (c) The state should play a leading role in economic development and public welfare 1. Islam s great empire from 661 to Founded by Muhammad ( ), following his death in 632 Islam spread all the way to Spain in the west and India in the east 3. The Caliphate was ruled by different dynasties a. The Ummayad dynasty ( ) was centered in Damascus b. Islamic culture flourished under the Abbassid dynasty ( ), which was seated in Baghdad B. Cracks in the Islamic community 1. Islam s expansion was accompanied by political turmoil, especially over who should succeed Muhammad 2. The Caliphate was a substitute for Muhammad to protect the religion 3. The first four Caliphs, the rightly guided Caliphs, ruled according to the Koran and the practices of Muhammad 4. Thereafter, Islam divided into two factions, Sunni and Shia a. Shias believed that Muhammad s son-in-law, Ali, was the last legitimate caliph and that the Caliphate should pass down only through his descendants 7

8 b. Shias believe Ali s last descendant, his son Hussein, did not die but is hidden and will ultimately return c. Sunnis did not demand that the caliph be a direct descendant of Muhammad and were also willing to follow Arabic tribal customs in government d. Political leadership was in the hands of the Muslim community C. Islam and Christendom: the crusades 1. Clashes between Muslims and western Europeans continued during Europe s crusades ( ) to regain the Holy Land for Christianity 2. The First Crusade ( ) was called by Pope Urban II to retake Jerusalem from Muslims 3. Jerusalem was retaken and a Christian military presence lasted for about 200 years 4. The Second ( ) and Third ( ) Crusades ended in failure. 5. The Third Crusade, the most famous, was the last serious effort to wrest the Holy Land from Muslim control. D. The Ottoman Empire Islam versus the West 1. The Ottomans were a small Turkish tribe that arose in Anatolia after 1071 and were granted a small territory within the Islamic Empire 2. In 1301, they seized power from the Seljuks and ruled the new empire until it was dismembered in The Ottoman Empire expanded vigorously into Christian lands in the 14th century 4. After a period of weakness in the early 15th century, it expanded again into the Byzantium Empire, capturing Constantinople (Istanbul) in In the early 16th century, it expanded still further into eastern Anatolia, northern Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Arabia, Iran, and Europe 6. The Empire began to weaken in the late 16th century and European interference in Ottoman provinces grew 7. The Ottomans began to withdraw from Europe in 1699, and Ottoman Turks were slowly expelled or withdrew from Russia, Egypt, Iran, Greece, and the Balkans 8. The last Ottoman Sultan ruled from

9 VI. Conclusion 9. The Turkish Republic was declared in October 1923 and Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) became the new country s first president 10. The part of the empire located in the Middle East was divided up among the victors of World War I 11. Ataturk established a modern, secular Turkish territorial state in place of the sultanate A. Evolution of the territorial state B. The Chinese tribute state C. The Islamic Caliphate 9

Chapter 10: From the Crusades to the New Muslim Empires

Chapter 10: From the Crusades to the New Muslim Empires Chapter 10: From the Crusades to the New Muslim Empires Guiding Question: How did the Crusades affect the lives of Christians, Muslims, and Jews? Name: Due Date: Period: Overview: The Crusades were a series

More information

Rise and Spread of Islam

Rise and Spread of Islam Rise and Spread of Islam I. Byzantine Regions A. Almost entirely Christian by 550 CE B. Priests and monks numerous - needed much money and food to support I. Byzantine Regions C. Many debates about true

More information

World Civilizations Grade 3

World Civilizations Grade 3 World Civilizations Grade 3 Trimester I: Unit I: European Feudalism () Unit II: Islam () Unit III: China and Japan () Unit IV: High Middle Ages () Trimester II: Unit V: Renaissance & Reformation () Unit

More information

Medieval Matters: The Middle Age

Medieval Matters: The Middle Age Medieval Matters: The Middle Age 400-1500 The Roman Empire Falls (376) and Western World Ignites DYK - Son of a Gun - Comes from the Medieval Knights view that firearms were evil Byzantine Empire Eastern

More information

Big Idea The Ottoman Empire Expands. Essential Question How did the Ottomans expand their empire?

Big Idea The Ottoman Empire Expands. Essential Question How did the Ottomans expand their empire? Big Idea The Ottoman Empire Expands. Essential Question How did the Ottomans expand their empire? 1 Words To Know Sultan the leader of the Ottoman Empire, like a emperor or a king. Religious tolerance

More information

Text 6: The Effects of the Crusades. Topic 7: Medieval Christian Europe ( ) Lesson 4: Economic Expansion and Change: The Crusades and After

Text 6: The Effects of the Crusades. Topic 7: Medieval Christian Europe ( ) Lesson 4: Economic Expansion and Change: The Crusades and After Text 6: The Effects of the Crusades Topic 7: Medieval Christian Europe (330-1450) Lesson 4: Economic Expansion and Change: The Crusades and After BELLWORK How did the Crusades lead to the Age of Exploration?

More information

Chapter 10. Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations

Chapter 10. Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations Chapter 10 Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations Section 1 The Byzantine Empire Capital of Byzantine Empire Constantinople Protected by Greek Fire Constantinople Controlled by: Roman Empire Christians Byzantines

More information

What is Nationalism? (Write this down!)

What is Nationalism? (Write this down!) 1800-1870 What is Nationalism? (Write this down!) Nationalism: a feeling of belonging and loyalty that causes people to think of themselves as a nation; belief that people s greatest loyalty shouldn t

More information

Muslim Empires Chapter 19

Muslim Empires Chapter 19 Muslim Empires 1450-1800 Chapter 19 AGE OF GUNPOWDER EMPIRES 1450 1800 CHANGED THE BALANCE OF POWER This term applies to a number of states, all of which rapidly expanded during the late 15th and over

More information

China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan ( ) Internal Troubles, External Threats

China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan ( ) Internal Troubles, External Threats China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan (1800-1914) Internal Troubles, External Threats THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND THE WEST IN THE 19 TH CENTURY A P W O R L D H I S T O R Y C H A P T E R 1 9 The Ottoman Empire:

More information

Section 2. Objectives

Section 2. Objectives Objectives Explain how Muslims were able to conquer many lands. Identify the divisions that emerged within Islam. Describe the rise of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties. Explain why the Abbasid empire

More information

Arabia before Muhammad

Arabia before Muhammad THE RISE OF ISLAM Arabia before Muhammad Arabian Origins By 6 th century CE = Arabic-speakers throughout Syrian desert Arabia before Muhammad Arabian Origins By 6 th century CE = Arabic-speakers throughout

More information

The Arab Empire and Its Successors Chapter 6, Section 2 Creation of an Arab Empire

The Arab Empire and Its Successors Chapter 6, Section 2 Creation of an Arab Empire The Arab Empire and Its Successors Chapter 6, Section 2 Creation of an Arab Empire Muhammad became a leader of the early Muslim community Muhammad s death left no leader he never named a successor and

More information

Reading Essentials and Study Guide

Reading Essentials and Study Guide Lesson 2 The Arab Empire and the Caliphates ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How can religion influence the development of an empire? How might religious beliefs affect society, culture, and politics? Reading HELPDESK

More information

Chapter 9. The Byzantine Empire, Russia, and the rise of Eastern Europe

Chapter 9. The Byzantine Empire, Russia, and the rise of Eastern Europe Chapter 9 The Byzantine Empire, Russia, and the rise of Eastern Europe The 2 nd Rome Map of the Byzantine Empire during the reign of Justinian Building and Defending the Empire Justinian- Ruled the Byzantine

More information

10. What was the early attitude of Islam toward Jews and Christians?

10. What was the early attitude of Islam toward Jews and Christians? 1. Which of the following events took place during the Umayyad caliphate? a. d) Foundation of Baghdad Incorrect. The answer is b. Muslims conquered Spain in the period 711 718, during the Umayyad caliphate.

More information

TABLE OF CONTENTS UNIT 1 LONG AGO

TABLE OF CONTENTS UNIT 1 LONG AGO TABLE OF CONTENTS UNIT 1 LONG AGO IMPORTANT WORDS TO KNOW... 1 CHAPTER 1 LONG AGO LONG AGO... 2 FIRST CIVILIZATION... 3 EGYPT...4 FIRST EMPIRES... 5 INDIA AND CHINA... 6 CHAPTER 2 ANCIENT GREECE GREECE...

More information

Event A: The Decline of the Ottoman Empire

Event A: The Decline of the Ottoman Empire Event A: The Decline of the Ottoman Empire Beginning in the late 13 th century, the Ottoman sultan, or ruler, governed a diverse empire that covered much of the modern Middle East, including Southeastern

More information

World History: Patterns of Interaction

World History: Patterns of Interaction Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact, 500-1500 Byzantine, Russian, and Turkish cultures develop, while Christian and Islamic societies fight over religious issues and territory. Byzantines, Russians,

More information

Bentley Chapter 16 Study Guide: The Two Worlds of Christendom

Bentley Chapter 16 Study Guide: The Two Worlds of Christendom Bentley Chapter 16 Study Guide: The Two Worlds of Christendom The Quest for Political Order (p. 328-329) 1. How did the east and west differ after the fall of the Roman Empire? The Early Byzantine Empire:

More information

Decreased involvement of the Sultan in the affairs of the state

Decreased involvement of the Sultan in the affairs of the state Decline due to?... Decreased involvement of the Sultan in the affairs of the state Prospective Sultans stop participating in the apprentice training that was supposed to prepare them for the throne (military

More information

The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and its Legacy. World War I spanned entire continents, and engulfed hundreds of nations into the

The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and its Legacy. World War I spanned entire continents, and engulfed hundreds of nations into the Andrew Sorensen Oxford Scholars World War I 7 November 2018 The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and its Legacy World War I spanned entire continents, and engulfed hundreds of nations into the deadliest conflict

More information

I. The Rise of Islam. A. Arabs come from the Arabian Peninsula. Most early Arabs were polytheistic. They recognized a god named Allah and other gods.

I. The Rise of Islam. A. Arabs come from the Arabian Peninsula. Most early Arabs were polytheistic. They recognized a god named Allah and other gods. I. The Rise of Islam A. Arabs come from the Arabian Peninsula. Most early Arabs were polytheistic. They recognized a god named Allah and other gods. 1. Mecca and Muhammad Mecca was a great trading center

More information

1. What Ottoman palace complex serves as a useful comparison with the Forbidden City? Describe one way that the Hongwu emperor sought to

1. What Ottoman palace complex serves as a useful comparison with the Forbidden City? Describe one way that the Hongwu emperor sought to What Ottoman palace complex serves as a useful comparison with the Forbidden City? 2. Describe one way that the Hongwu emperor sought to centralize the Ming government. 3. Name the most highly centralized

More information

3/12/14. Eastern Responses to Western Pressure. From Empire (Ottoman) to Nation (Turkey) Responses ranged across a broad spectrum

3/12/14. Eastern Responses to Western Pressure. From Empire (Ottoman) to Nation (Turkey) Responses ranged across a broad spectrum Chapter 26 Civilizations in Crisis: The Ottoman Empire, the Islamic Heartlands and Qing China Eastern Responses to Western Pressure Responses ranged across a broad spectrum Radical Reforms (Taiping & Mahdist

More information

The Worlds of European Christendom. Chapter 9

The Worlds of European Christendom. Chapter 9 The Worlds of European Christendom Chapter 9 After the Roman Empire By the 4 th Century the Roman Empire gets divided Christian Europe is two parts: 1. Eastern half = The Byzantine Empire 2. Western half

More information

Mk AD

Mk AD Mk 2018 The Rise of the Arab Islamic Empire 622AD - 1450 610AD The Arabian Peninsula: Muhammad, age 40 has visions and revelations he claimed came from God. These revelations were written down by friends.

More information

The Byzantine Empire. By History.com, adapted by Newsela staff on Word Count 1,009 Level 1060L

The Byzantine Empire. By History.com, adapted by Newsela staff on Word Count 1,009 Level 1060L The Byzantine Empire By History.com, adapted by Newsela staff on 11.27.17 Word Count 1,009 Level 1060L Emperor Justinian and members of his court. Image from the public domain The origins of the Byzantine

More information

SSWH 7. Analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics.

SSWH 7. Analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics. SSWH 7 Analyze European medieval society with regard to culture, politics, society, and economics. SSWH 7 A Explain the manorial system and feudal relationships, include: the status of peasants and feudal

More information

OTTOMAN EMPIRE Learning Goal 1:

OTTOMAN EMPIRE Learning Goal 1: OTTOMAN EMPIRE Learning Goal 1: Explain what was significant about the organization of the Ottoman Empire and describe the impact the Ottomans had on global trade. (TEKS/SE s 1D,7D) STUDY THE MAP WHAT

More information

The Foundation of the Modern World

The Foundation of the Modern World The Foundation of the Modern World In the year 1095 A.D., Christian Europe was threatened on both sides by the might of the Islamic Empire, which had declared jihad (Holy War) against Christianity. In

More information

World History (Survey) Chapter 14: The Formation of Western Europe,

World History (Survey) Chapter 14: The Formation of Western Europe, World History (Survey) Chapter 14: The Formation of Western Europe, 800 1500 Section 1: Church Reform and the Crusades Beginning in the 1000s, a new sense of spiritual feeling arose in Europe, which led

More information

World History I. Robert Taggart

World History I. Robert Taggart World History I Robert Taggart Table of Contents To the Student.............................................. v A Note About Dates........................................ vii Unit 1: The Earliest People

More information

In the emperor formally dedicated a new capital for the Roman Empire He called the city It became widely known as

In the emperor formally dedicated a new capital for the Roman Empire He called the city It became widely known as Chapter 6 Fill-in Notes THE BYZANTINE AND ISLAMIC EMPIRES Overview Roman Empire collapses in the West The Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Empire a blending of the and cultures which influenced

More information

APWH chapter 10.notebook October 10, 2013

APWH chapter 10.notebook October 10, 2013 Chapter 10 Postclassical East Asia Chinese civilization and Confucianism survived in the Chinese states established after the fall of the Han Dynasty. Buddhism entered China after the fall of the Han,

More information

Text 5: The Crusades. Topic 7: Medieval Christian Europe ( ) Lesson 4: Economic Expansion and Change: The Crusades and After

Text 5: The Crusades. Topic 7: Medieval Christian Europe ( ) Lesson 4: Economic Expansion and Change: The Crusades and After Text 5: The Crusades Topic 7: Medieval Christian Europe (330-1450) Lesson 4: Economic Expansion and Change: The Crusades and After BELLWORK Why did Pope Urban II agree to help Byzantine emperor Alexius

More information

Name: Period 3: 500 C.E C.E. Chapter 13: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia Chapter 14: The Expansive Realm of Islam

Name: Period 3: 500 C.E C.E. Chapter 13: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia Chapter 14: The Expansive Realm of Islam Chapter 13: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia Chapter 14: The Expansive Realm of Islam 1. How is the rise of neo-confucianism related to the increasing popularity of Buddhism? Can you think of other

More information

O"oman Empire. AP World History 19a

Ooman Empire. AP World History 19a O"oman Empire AP World History 19a Founded by Turks Started in Anatolia Controlled Balkan Peninsula and parts of eastern Europe Acquired much of the Middle East, North Africa, and region between the Black

More information

SCHOOL. Part III DOCUMENT-BASED QUESTION

SCHOOL. Part III DOCUMENT-BASED QUESTION NAME SCHOOL Part III DOCUMENT-BASED QUESTION This question is based on the accompanying documents. The question is designed to test your ability to work with historical documents. Some of these documents

More information

Bishop McNamara High School Advanced Placement European History Summer Reading Project 2016

Bishop McNamara High School Advanced Placement European History Summer Reading Project 2016 Bishop McNamara High School Advanced Placement European History Summer Reading Project 2016 Purpose: The course in Advanced Placement European History is subdivided into four (4) major chronological time

More information

11/24/2015. Islam. Outcome: Islamic Empires

11/24/2015. Islam. Outcome: Islamic Empires Islam Outcome: Islamic Empires 1 Constructive Response Question 3.Generalize who were the Ottomans, Mughals, and Safavids? 2 What will we learn? 1.Islamic culture 2.The Ottoman Empire 3.The Mughals 4.The

More information

Ottoman Empire ( ) Internal Troubles & External Threats

Ottoman Empire ( ) Internal Troubles & External Threats Ottoman Empire (1800-1914) Internal Troubles & External Threats THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE 19 TH CENTURY AP WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 23A The Ottoman Empire: Sick Man of Europe In the 1800s= the Ottoman Empire went

More information

Chapter 12: Crusades and Culture in the Middle Ages, Lesson 2: The Crusades

Chapter 12: Crusades and Culture in the Middle Ages, Lesson 2: The Crusades Chapter 12: Crusades and Culture in the Middle Ages, 1000 1500 Lesson 2: The Crusades World History Bell Ringer #48 1-23-18 1. Born to a wealthy merchant family, Francis of Assisi A. Used his social status

More information

APWH Chapter 27.notebook January 04, 2016

APWH Chapter 27.notebook January 04, 2016 Chapter 27 Islamic Gunpowder Empires The Ottoman Empire was established by Muslim Turks in Asia Minor in the 14th century, after the collapse of Mongol rule in the Middle East. It conquered the Balkans

More information

Revival & Crusades AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS ( )

Revival & Crusades AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS ( ) Revival & Crusades AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS (600 1450) From the fall of the Roman Empire 476 C.E. to around 1000 C.E. Europe was in the Dark Ages or Medieval Times. Between 1000 1200 a revival

More information

The Umayyads and Abbasids

The Umayyads and Abbasids The Umayyads and Abbasids The Umayyad Caliphate was founded in 661 by Mu awiya the governor or the Syrian province during Ali s reign. Mu awiya contested Ali s right to rule, arguing that Ali was elected

More information

The Crusades: War in the Holy Land

The Crusades: War in the Holy Land The Crusades: War in the Holy Land By Encyclopaedia Britannica, adapted by Newsela staff on 07.18.17 Word Count 1,094 Level 970L Richard I leaving England for the Crusades in 1189. Painted by Glyn Warren

More information

The Arabian Peninsula. Farming limited in Arabia Commerce lively Mecca, near Red Sea, most important of coastal towns

The Arabian Peninsula. Farming limited in Arabia Commerce lively Mecca, near Red Sea, most important of coastal towns The Rise of Islam The Arabian Peninsula Farming limited in Arabia Commerce lively Mecca, near Red Sea, most important of coastal towns Middle East: Climate Regions Fresh Groundwater Sources Mountain Ranges

More information

Reading Essentials and Study Guide

Reading Essentials and Study Guide Lesson 1 The Rise and Expansion of the Ottoman Empire ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS What factors help unify an empire? How can the creation of a new empire impact the people and culture of a region? Reading HELPDESK

More information

Society, Religion and Arts

Society, Religion and Arts Society, Religion and Arts Despite the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the Eastern Empire continued to thrive in Constantinople. It would endure for nearly 1,000 years after the Fall of Rome, largely

More information

World History Unit 3 Contd. Post Classical Asia and Beyond

World History Unit 3 Contd. Post Classical Asia and Beyond World History Unit 3 Contd. Post Classical Asia and Beyond Essential Questions What were the major civilizations of Asia in the post-classical era? What were the effects of the Mongol invasions? What were

More information

THE ISLAMIC WORLD THROUGH 1450 Settle in this is going to be a long one

THE ISLAMIC WORLD THROUGH 1450 Settle in this is going to be a long one THE ISLAMIC WORLD THROUGH 1450 Settle in this is going to be a long one Pre-Islamic Bedouin Culture Well-established on the Arabian Peninsula, mostly nomadic, tribal, and polytheistic The Sheikh was the

More information

CHAPTER NINE Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe

CHAPTER NINE Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe CHAPTER NINE Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert *AP and Advanced Placement are

More information

The Power of the Church

The Power of the Church Questions 1. How powerful was the Roman Catholic Church? 2. What were the Crusades? 3. What caused the Crusades? 4. Why was the First Crusade unsuccessful? 5. Which Muslim leader took over Jerusalem during

More information

Final Exam: January 23rd and January 24 th. Final Exam Review Guide. Day One: January 23rd - Subjective Final Exam

Final Exam: January 23rd and January 24 th. Final Exam Review Guide. Day One: January 23rd - Subjective Final Exam Final Exam: January 23rd and January 24 th Final Exam Review Guide Your final exam will take place over the course of two days. The short answer portion is Day One, January 23rd and the 50 MC question

More information

CHAPTER 8 TEST LATE MIDDLE AGES. c. leading the Normans to victory in the Battle of Hastings.

CHAPTER 8 TEST LATE MIDDLE AGES. c. leading the Normans to victory in the Battle of Hastings. CHAPTER 8 TEST LATE MIDDLE AGES 1. William the Conqueror earned his title by a. repelling the Danish invaders from England. b. defeating the Magyars at the Battle of Lechfeld. c. leading the Normans to

More information

Name. The Crusades. Aim #1: What were the Crusades?

Name. The Crusades. Aim #1: What were the Crusades? Name The Crusades Aim #1: What were the Crusades? The Crusades were a series of wars starting in 1095 CE that lasted into the end of the 13th century (1200s) in which European Christians tried to win control

More information

3. Who was the founding prophet of Islam? a. d) Muhammad b. c) Abraham c. a) Ali d. b) Abu Bakr

3. Who was the founding prophet of Islam? a. d) Muhammad b. c) Abraham c. a) Ali d. b) Abu Bakr 1. Which of the following events took place during the Umayyad caliphate? a. d) Foundation of Baghdad b. c) Establishment of the Delhi sultanate c. a) Crusader conquest of Jerusalem d. b) Conquest of Spain

More information

Wayne E. Sirmon HI 103 World History

Wayne E. Sirmon HI 103 World History Wayne E. Sirmon HI 103 World History History 103 World History to 1500 October 16 October 17 October 19 October 29 November 5 Review Session - TBD Exam 2 (Ch. 4b-7) Project Serve Article 3 Approval (midnight)

More information

Middle Ages. World History

Middle Ages. World History Middle Ages World History Era of relative peace and stability Population growth Cultural developments in education and art Kings, nobles, and the Church shared power Developed tax systems and government

More information

WWI and the End of Empire

WWI and the End of Empire WWI and the End of Empire Young Turks 1906: Discontented army corps officers formed secret society Macedonia 1907 : Young Turks founded Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) - stood for strong central

More information

Ottoman Empire. 1400s-1800s

Ottoman Empire. 1400s-1800s Ottoman Empire 1400s-1800s 1. Original location of the Ottoman Empire Asia Minor (Turkey) Origins of the Ottoman Empire After Muhammad s death in 632 A.D., Muslim faith & power spread throughout Middle

More information

Mongol Eurasia and its Aftermath, Chapter 12

Mongol Eurasia and its Aftermath, Chapter 12 Mongol Eurasia and its Aftermath, 1200-1500 Chapter 12 The Rise of the Mongols, 1200-1260 Nomadism in Central and Inner Asia Nomads depended on: Resulting in: Hierarchy system headed by a.. Tribute Marriage

More information

From the Crusades to New Muslim Empires

From the Crusades to New Muslim Empires 4 Christians, Muslims, and Jews fought for control over the sacred city of Jerusalem. CHAPTER From the Crusades to New Muslim Empires 11.1 Introduction In Chapter 10, you learned about Muslim contributions

More information

Welcome to Selective Readings in Western Civilization. Session 9

Welcome to Selective Readings in Western Civilization. Session 9 Welcome to Selective Readings in Western Civilization Session 9 Nine Steps for Answering a Document Based Question Step 1: Closely examine the Task Step 2: Understand Key Terms within the Question Step

More information

Absolutism in Europe

Absolutism in Europe Absolutism in Europe 1300-1800 rope Spain lost territory and money. The Netherlands split from Spain and grew rich from trade. France was Europe s most powerful country, where king Louis XIV ruled with

More information

Name: Date: Period: 1. Using p , mark the approximate boundaries of the Ottoman Empire and the Qing Empire

Name: Date: Period: 1. Using p , mark the approximate boundaries of the Ottoman Empire and the Qing Empire Name: Date: Period: Chapter 26 Reading Guide Civilizations in Crisis: The Ottoman Empire, the Islamic Heartlands, and Qing China p.602-624 1. Using p.614-615, mark the approximate boundaries of the Ottoman

More information

World Civilizations The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 6 th Edition 2011

World Civilizations The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 6 th Edition 2011 A Correlation of, AP* Edition, 6 th Edition 2011 To the AP* World History Topics *Advanced Placement, Advanced Placement Program, AP, and Pre-AP are registered trademarks of the College Board, which was

More information

World Civilizations. The Global Experience. Chapter. Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe. AP Seventh Edition

World Civilizations. The Global Experience. Chapter. Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe. AP Seventh Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience AP Seventh Edition Chapter 10 Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe Figure 10.1 This 15th-century miniature shows Russia s King Vladimir

More information

The Rise of Islam In the seventh century, a new faith took hold in the Middle East. The followers of Islam, Muslims, believe that Allah (God) transmit

The Rise of Islam In the seventh century, a new faith took hold in the Middle East. The followers of Islam, Muslims, believe that Allah (God) transmit The World of Islam The Rise of Islam In the seventh century, a new faith took hold in the Middle East. The followers of Islam, Muslims, believe that Allah (God) transmitted his words through Mohammad,

More information

NOTES: Unit 3 -Chapter 9: The Islamic World and Africa. In this chapter you will learn about developments in the during the.

NOTES: Unit 3 -Chapter 9: The Islamic World and Africa. In this chapter you will learn about developments in the during the. Name NOTES: Unit 3 -Chapter 9: The Islamic World and Africa Introduction In this chapter you will learn about developments in the during the. Important Ideas A. Mohammed founded in the seventh century.

More information

Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe

Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe Chapter 14 Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe OUTLINE I. Introduction Two civilizations survived in postclassical Europe: the Byzantine Empire and its culturally related cultures

More information

2-Provide an example of an ethnic clash we have discussed in World Cultures: 3-Fill in the chart below, using the reading and the map.

2-Provide an example of an ethnic clash we have discussed in World Cultures: 3-Fill in the chart below, using the reading and the map. Name: Date: How the Middle East Got that Way Directions : Read each section carefully, taking notes and answering questions as directed. Part 1: Introduction Violence, ethnic clashes, political instability...have

More information

1. What key religious event does the map above depict? 2. What region are the arrows emanating from? 3. To what region are 3 of the 4 arrows heading?

1. What key religious event does the map above depict? 2. What region are the arrows emanating from? 3. To what region are 3 of the 4 arrows heading? Name Due Date: Chapter 10 Reading Guide A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe The postclassical period in Western Europe, known as the Middle Ages, stretches between the fall of the Roman Empire

More information

[ 6.5 ] History of Arabia and Iraq

[ 6.5 ] History of Arabia and Iraq [ 6.5 ] History of Arabia and Iraq [ 6.5 ] History of Arabia and Iraq Learning Objectives Describe the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia. Explain the origins and beliefs of Islam, including the significance

More information

- CENTRAL HISTORICAL QUESTION(S) HOW & WHY DID THE OTTOMAN-TURKS SCAPEGOAT THE ARMENIANS?

- CENTRAL HISTORICAL QUESTION(S) HOW & WHY DID THE OTTOMAN-TURKS SCAPEGOAT THE ARMENIANS? - WORLD HISTORY II UNIT SIX: WORLD WAR I LESSON 7 CW & HW NAME: BLOCK: - CENTRAL HISTORICAL QUESTION(S) HOW & WHY DID THE OTTOMAN-TURKS SCAPEGOAT THE ARMENIANS? WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOTAL WAR

More information

ISLAMIC CIVILIZATIONS A.D.

ISLAMIC CIVILIZATIONS A.D. ISLAMIC CIVILIZATIONS 600-1000 A.D. ISLAM VOCAB Muhammad the Prophet- the founder of Islam Islam- monotheistic religion meaning submission Muslim- followers of Islam Mecca- holy city to Arab people located

More information

Warm-Up: What are 2 inferences/observations you can make about the Ottoman Empire in 1580?

Warm-Up: What are 2 inferences/observations you can make about the Ottoman Empire in 1580? Warm-Up: What are 2 inferences/observations you can make about the Ottoman Empire in 1580? The Ottoman Empire Learning Goal: Explain what was significant about the organization of the Ottoman Empire and

More information

TURKEY, SYRIA, LEBANON, JORDAN

TURKEY, SYRIA, LEBANON, JORDAN TURKEY, SYRIA, LEBANON, JORDAN TURKEY Turkey is a little larger than Texas. It bridges two continents: Europe and Asia The Asian part of Turkey is called Asia Minor. Three rivers separate the European

More information

Reading Essentials and Study Guide

Reading Essentials and Study Guide Lesson 5 The Byzantine Empire ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How can religion impact a culture? What factors lead to the rise and fall of empires? Reading HELPDESK Academic Vocabulary legal relating to law; founded

More information

The Crusades THEY WERE A SERIES OF RELIGIOUS WARS BETWEEN CHRISTIANS AND MUSLIMS FOUGHT BETWEEN THE 11 TH TO 13 TH CENTURIES.

The Crusades THEY WERE A SERIES OF RELIGIOUS WARS BETWEEN CHRISTIANS AND MUSLIMS FOUGHT BETWEEN THE 11 TH TO 13 TH CENTURIES. The Crusades The Crusades WHAT WERE THEY? THEY WERE A SERIES OF RELIGIOUS WARS BETWEEN CHRISTIANS AND MUSLIMS FOUGHT BETWEEN THE 11 TH TO 13 TH CENTURIES. THESE WARS WERE BEGUN BY CHRISTIANS AND CAUSED

More information

Islam AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS ( )

Islam AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS ( ) Islam AN AGE OF ACCELERATING CONNECTIONS (600 1450) Throughout most of its history, the people of the Arabian peninsula were subsistence farmers, lived in small fishing villages, or were nomadic traders

More information

One thousand years ago the nations and peoples of Europe,

One thousand years ago the nations and peoples of Europe, Geographical Worlds at the Time of the Crusades 1 One thousand years ago the nations and peoples of Europe, western Asia, and the Middle East held differing cultural and religious beliefs. For hundreds

More information

AP World History Mid-Term Exam

AP World History Mid-Term Exam AP World History Mid-Term Exam 1) Why did the original inhabitants of Australia not develop agriculture? 2) Know why metal tools were preferred over stone tools? 3) Know how the earliest civilizations

More information

Assessing ISIS one Year Later

Assessing ISIS one Year Later University of Central Lancashire From the SelectedWorks of Zenonas Tziarras June, 2015 Assessing ISIS one Year Later Zenonas Tziarras, University of Warwick Available at: https://works.bepress.com/zenonas_tziarras/42/

More information

World History Honors Semester 1 Review Guide

World History Honors Semester 1 Review Guide World History Honors Semester 1 Review Guide This review guide is exactly that a review guide. This is neither the questions nor the answers to the exam. The final will have 75 content questions, 5 reading

More information

Chapter 17: Half Done Notes

Chapter 17: Half Done Notes Name Date Period Class Chapter 17: Half Done Notes Directions: So we are trying this out to see how it you guys like it and whether you find it an effective way to learn, analyze, and retain information

More information

Your Period 3 Maps are due NOW! Make sure your name is on the front page- submit it in the tray. This week s HW/Reading Schedule

Your Period 3 Maps are due NOW! Make sure your name is on the front page- submit it in the tray. This week s HW/Reading Schedule Your Period 3 Maps are due NOW! Make sure your name is on the front page- submit it in the tray. This week s HW/Reading Schedule Tonight s HW: Intro to Period 4 (610-615), Ch. 13 pp. 617-626. Finish taking

More information

The Crusades. Summary. Contents. Rob Waring. Level Before Reading Think Ahead During Reading Comprehension... 5

The Crusades. Summary. Contents. Rob Waring. Level Before Reading Think Ahead During Reading Comprehension... 5 Level 4-10 The Crusades Rob Waring Summary This book is about the battles for Jerusalem and control of the Holy Land. Contents Before Reading Think Ahead... 2 Vocabulary... 3 During Reading Comprehension...

More information

Key Terms and People. Section Summary. The Later Middle Ages Section 1

Key Terms and People. Section Summary. The Later Middle Ages Section 1 The Later Middle Ages Section 1 MAIN IDEAS 1. Popes and kings ruled Europe as spiritual and political leaders. 2. Popes fought for power, leading to a permanent split within the church. 3. Kings and popes

More information

1. What initiated early Western European Empires to expand? What role did geography play?

1. What initiated early Western European Empires to expand? What role did geography play? World History Advanced Placement Unit 4: THE EARLY MODERN WORLD 1450 1750 Chapter 13 Political Transformations: Empires and Encounters, 1450 1750 Learning Targets To introduce students to the variety of

More information

Chapter 11: 1. Describe the social organization of the Arabs prior to the introduction of Islam.

Chapter 11: 1. Describe the social organization of the Arabs prior to the introduction of Islam. Chapter 11: The First Global Civilization: The Rise of Islam Chapter 12: Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization Chapter 13: African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam Read Chapters 11-13

More information

476 A.D THE MIDDLE AGES: BIRTH OF AN IDEA

476 A.D THE MIDDLE AGES: BIRTH OF AN IDEA People use the phrase Middle Ages to describe Europe between the fall of Rome in 476 A.D and about the year 1500 A.D. Many scholars call the era the medieval period instead! Middle Ages, they say, incorrectly

More information

The Byzantine Empire and Emerging Europe. Chapter 8

The Byzantine Empire and Emerging Europe. Chapter 8 The Byzantine Empire and Emerging Europe Chapter 8 Section 2 Decline & Fall of Rome The Romans are no longer a world superpower so what the heck happened? 1. Military Problems 2. Economic Problems 3. Political

More information

APWH chapter 12.notebook October 31, 2012

APWH chapter 12.notebook October 31, 2012 Chapter 12 Mongols The Mongols were a pastoral people who lived north of China. They traveled with their herds of animals which provided meat, milk, clothing, and shelter. Typically, they never had any

More information

Chapter 22 Southwest Asia pg Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Iran pg

Chapter 22 Southwest Asia pg Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Iran pg Chapter 22 Southwest Asia pg. 674 695 22 1 Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Iran pg. 677 681 Assume the role of a leader of an oil rich country. Why would you maybe need to diversify your country s economy? What

More information

AGE OF FEUDALISM, THE MANOR, THE CATHOLIC CHURCH, THE CRUSADES, THE PLAGUE, AND HUNDRED YEARS WAR

AGE OF FEUDALISM, THE MANOR, THE CATHOLIC CHURCH, THE CRUSADES, THE PLAGUE, AND HUNDRED YEARS WAR AGE OF FEUDALISM, THE MANOR, THE CATHOLIC CHURCH, THE CRUSADES, THE PLAGUE, AND HUNDRED YEARS WAR CENTRAL GOV T OF ROME FALLS APART FAIRLY QUICKLY NORMAL LIFE DISAPPEARS: LOSS OF SAFETY, SERVICES, LAWS,

More information

Enemies & Neighbours: Re-negotiating Empire & Islam

Enemies & Neighbours: Re-negotiating Empire & Islam Enemies & Neighbours: Re-negotiating Empire & Islam Enemies & Neigbours In century following Conquest of Constantinople, Ottomans achieved greatest geographical extent of empire: Empire of the seas (Mediterranean

More information

Unit 8: Islamic Civilization

Unit 8: Islamic Civilization Unit 8: Islamic Civilization Standard(s) of Learning: WHI.8 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 AD by a) Describing the origin, beliefs, traditions,

More information

Name: Period 4: 1450 C.E C.E.

Name: Period 4: 1450 C.E C.E. Chapter 22: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections Chapter 23: The Transformation of Europe 1. Why didn't powerful countries like China, India, and Japan take a concerted interest in exploring?

More information