An Adverb always modifies a verb.

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1 الظروف ]األحوال[ Adverbs An Adverb always modifies a verb. الظرف صف الفعل دائما Most adverbs are formed by adding to the adjectives. معظم الظروف تكو ن بإضافة للصفة. slow slowly nice nicely happy happily careful carefully ly ly

2 الظروف ]األحوال[ Adverbs There are many kinds of adverbs: هناك عدة أنواع من الظروف: 1. Adverbs of manner: express how an action was done. الظروف الدالة على السلوك :الظروف الت تعبر عن ك ف ة وقوع الحدث. I closed the window carefully. The soldier fought bravely. 2. Adverbs of time: express the time when an action is or was done. ظروف الزمان :الظروف الت تعبر عن ك ف ة زمن حدوث الفعل. I m going to leave for Cairo tomorrow. What s going to happen next?

3 الظروف ]األحوال[ Adverbs 3. Adverbs of place: express when an action is done. ظروف المكان :الظروف الت تعبر عن مكان وقوع الحدث. I shall stand here. I ve looked everywhere for my lost pen. Some words that end in ly can be both adjectives or adverbs. Most of them refer to time. بعض الكلمات الت تنته ب ly من الممكن أن تكون ظروف أو صفات. معظم هذه الكلمات تدل على الوقت. مثل: أسبوع ا weekly وم ا daily سنو ا yearly شهر ا monthly A daily newspaper is published daily. We get up early to catch an early train.

4 الظروف ]األحوال[ Adverbs 4. Adverbs of frequency: tell how often we do something. الظروف الدالة على التكرار :الت تخبرنا عن عدد مرات حدوث الش ء. ومن هذه الظروف: غالبا often دائما always أح انا sometimes عادة usually نادرا جدا Rarely نادرا seldom من ح آلخر Occasionally أبدا Never فعل كون : األفعال األخرى : أت ظرف التكرار بعد الفعل المساعد BE: Verb to Ali is always on time. أت ظرف التكرار قبل الفعل العادي Verbs: Other Ali sometimes reads a book.

5 Adverbial Clause of Time الجمل الظرفية الدالة على الوقت أدوات الربط Conjunctions: when, whenever, as, as soon as, while, after, before, until, since These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of time with the main sentence. أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرف ة الدالة على الوقت مع الجملة الرئ س ة. I found a watch. I was walking in the street. I found a watch while I was walking in the street.

6 Adverbial Clause of Place الجمل الظرفية الدالة على المكان Conjunctions: where, wherever أدوات الربط These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of place with the main sentence. أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرف ة الدالة على المكان مع الجملة الرئ س ة. Wherever he goes his brother follows him.

7 Adverbial Clause of Cause الجمل الظرفية الدالة على السبب Conjunctions: because, since, as أدوات الربط These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of cause with the main sentence. أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرف ة الدالة على السبب مع الجملة الرئ س ة. I stayed at home yesterday because it was raining.

8 Adverbial Clause of Manner الجمل الظرفية الدالة على السلوك أدوات الربط Conjunctions: As, as if, as through These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of manner with the main sentence. أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرف ة الدالة على السلوك مع الجملة الرئ س ة. دائما أت بعد ماض غ ر حق ق. as if He speaks as if he were a king. الحظ استخدام were بدال من was ألنها غ ر حق ق ة و مجرد خ ال. It looks as if it would rain. الحظ استخدام would بدال من will وهو ماض غ ر حق ق و أنها مجرد توقع.

9 Adverbial Clause of Purpose الجمل الظرفية الدالة على الغرض أدوات الربط Conjunctions: that, so that, in order that These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of purpose with the main sentence. أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرف ة الدالة على الغرض مع الجملة الرئ س ة. a) We use (may + infinitive) when the main verb is in the present or future. He works hard. He wishes to succeed. He works hard so that (that or in order that) he may succeed. نستخدم )ربما+المصدر( عندما كون الفعل الرئ س ف المضارع أو المستقبل. b) We use (might + infinitive) when the main verb is in the simple past. He was walking quickly in order that he might not be late. نستخدم )ربما+المصدر( عندما كون الفعل الرئ س ف الماض البس ط.

10 Adverbial Clause of Result الجمل الظرفية الدالة على النتيجة We use: so + adverb + that such + noun+ that to link the main sentence with the adverbial clause of result. تستخدم هذه الص غات لربط الجمل الظرف ة الدالة على النت جة مع الجملة الرئ س ة. The man is so weak that he can not walk. He wrote such good answers that he got he marks.

11 Adverbial Clause of Contrast الجمل الظرفية الدالة على التناقض Conjunctions: though, although أدوات الربط These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of contrast with the main sentence. أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرف ة الدالة على التناقض مع الجملة الرئ س ة. He is poor. He is happy. Although (though) he is poor, he is happy.

12 Adverbial Clause of Contrast الجمل الظرفية الدالة على المقارنة Conjunctions: as.as, so as أدوات الربط These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of contrast with the main sentence. أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرف ة الدالة على المقارنة مع الجملة الرئ س ة. Nabeel is as clever as his father. Sami is not so strong as his brother.

13 Adverbial Clause of Condition الجمل الظرفية الدالة على الحالة Conjunctions: if, unless أدوات الربط These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of condition with the main sentence. أدوات الربط هذه تربط الجمل الظرف ة الدالة على الحالة مع الجملة الرئ س ة. If we are ill, we go to bed. If we work hard, we will succeed. If we worked hard, we would succeed. If he had fallen, he would have hurt himself. Unless the rain falls, the crops will not grow.

14 as..as مثله مثل ]بالضبط ] not as.as ليس مثله مثل as..as مثله مثل ] ]بالضبط ستخدم هذا االصطالح ح ن وجود مساواة ب ن حال ن. Ahmed drives as dangerously as his brother. ليس مثله مثل not as..as ستخدم هذا االصطالح ف حالة عدم وجود مساواة ب ن حال ن. Hamad does not drive as dangerously as his brother.

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