830,000 square miles. Surrounding: Jordan Iraq Kuwait Qatar United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) Oman Yemen

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1 Middle East

2 830,000 square miles Surrounding: Jordan Iraq Kuwait Qatar United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) Oman Yemen

3 The Arabic writing is the Islamic statement of faith, "There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his Prophet." There is no god but God: Muhammad is the Messenger of God. Green is the traditional color of Islam. The sword stands for the strictness in applying justice. Adopted on March 15, 1973.

4 Population: 31 million Arabic is the official language of Saudi Arabia, but English is widely spoken. Currency: Saudi Arabian Riyal (SAR) Ethic/Racial Groups: Arab 90% Afro-Asian 10%

5 Islam is the state religion of Saudi Arabia, and virtually all citizens of the country are Muslim. Although no law formally forbids practicing another religion, it is heavily frowned upon. The legal system and government has stated that the Holy Quran and the Sunni school of Islam are the nation s constitution. Those caught preaching another faith could be arrested and imprisoned.

6 Saudi Arabia makes up 4/5 of the Arabian Peninsula There are no perennial lakes or rivers A narrow plain runs along the Red Sea coast and the Persian Gulf Fish and shellfish are plentiful!

7 Saudi Arabia is, for the most part, an uninhabited desert land (95%) Rub' Al Khali Desert - largest continuous sand desert An-Nafud Desert Hills and mountains in the west and southwest, along the edges of the Red Sea. Mountain ranges include the Hejaz in the northwest, and the Azir in the southwest.

8 Climate differs from one region to another due to its different terrain. Desert climate extreme heat during the day with major drops in temperature at night In general, the climate is hot summer, cold winter, and its rainfall season is in winter. Most areas of the country receive little to no rainfall. The western coast is known to have the majority of rainfall.

9 Although Saudi Arabia is widely thought of as a desert, it has regions where the climate has favored agriculture. Agriculture in Saudi Arabia is focused on the export of wheat, dates, dairy products, eggs, fish, poultry, fruits, vegetables and flowers to markets around the world.

10 In the 1930s, oil was discovered on the Arabian Peninsula. Income from oil has allowed Saudi Arabia to become modernized and to begin to develop stronger industries in areas such as agriculture. Saudi Arabia now produces all of its own dairy products and most of its own vegetables. Saudi Arabia exports more oil than any other nation and holds 25 percent of the world's proven reserves.

11 The people of Saudi Arabia are descended from nomadic sheep/goat herders and maintain many of the traditions. Traditional foods like dates, fatir (flat bread cooked on a curved metal pan over a fire), arikah (bread from the southwestern part of the country), kimaje (similar to pita bread), and hawayij (a spice blend) are still eaten by Saudis today, although most Saudis no longer follow the nomadic lifestyle. Saudi Arabia has over 18 million date palms that produce 600 million pounds of dates each year. The breads listed above are used at every meal, in place of a fork or spoon, to scoop up other foods.

12 Saudi Arabia strictly follows the dietary restriction of Islam - haram (forbidden) foods and drinks are not allowed. Restrictions hold true for visitors and citizens. Both pork and alcohol fall are illegal Muslims pray five times a day - at dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset, and evening. Friday is the Muslim holy day - everything is closed.

13 During the holy month of Ramadan all Muslims must fast from dawn to dusk. Fasting includes no eating, drinking, cigarette smoking, or gum chewing. Each night at sunset, families and friends gather together to celebrate the breaking of the fast (iftar). The festivities often continue well into the night.

14 Eid al-fitr (the feast at the end of Ramadan) Eid al-adha (the Feast of Sacrifice). Two of the Five Pillars (requirements) of Islam are to make a pilgrimage to Mecca, and to give aid to the poor. Eid al-adha, which occurs at the end of the month of pilgrimage, reenacts the story of God giving Abraham a ram to sacrifice instead of his son Isaac. It also fulfills the requirement to give to the poor, by having a lamb ritually slaughtered and donating the meat to those in need. Most Saudi holiday meals include thick soups, stuffed vegetables, bean salads or tabbouleh (a salad made with bulgur wheat), hummus, rice, and bread. Dates, raisins, and nuts are served as appetizers or snacks, and sweet desserts finish off the meal.

15 According to Islamic law, animals must be butchered in a particular way and blessed before they can be eaten Saudi Arabia is the world's largest importer of live sheep. Saudis rank as the highest consumers of broiler chickens in the world. Lamb is traditionally served to honored guests and at holiday feasts. Camel (or sheep or goat) milk has long been the staple of their diet and dairy products are still favorites with all Saudis. Yogurt is eaten alone, used in sauces, and made into a drink called a lassi.

16 Daytime meals are small, with a large meal in the evening. Saudi meals are eaten sitting cross-legged on the floor or on pillows around an ornate rug or low table, sharing food out of the same dishes. Food is usually eaten with the fingers or a piece of bread. Following Islamic law, only the right hand is used for eating, as the left hand is considered "unclean" because it is used for personal hygiene. Ritual hand washing is completed before and after eating. Coffee has been a central part of Saudi life for centuries, with an intricate ceremony to prepare and serve it. Preparing the coffee involves four different pots in which the coffee grounds, water, and spices are combined and brewed before being served in small cups. It is considered very rude to refuse a cup of coffee offered by the host.

17 Saudis socialize primarily in restaurants and international hotels when entertaining expatriates whom they do not know well. After some time you will be invited to the home. If you are invited to a Saudi's house: Remove your shoes. Dress conservatively. Punctuality is appreciated but not crucial. Show respect for the elders by greeting them first. Accept Arabian coffee and dates - to refuse is offensive.

18 Table manners If the meal is on the floor, sit cross-legged or kneel on one knee. Eat only with the right hand. Try a bit of everything that is served. Meals are generally served family-style. Honored guests are often offered the most prized pieces such as a sheep's head. Part of Saudi hospitality and generosity is to shower guests with abundance. There is little conversation during meals so that diners may enjoy the food.

19 Breakfast: Laban Drink (Yogurt) Qahwa (Arabic Coffee) Lunch: Fatir (Pita Bread) Hummus Dinner: Kapsa (Chicken and Rice) Tabbouleh (Bulgur Wheat Salad)

20 html aland.htm Africa/Saudi-Arabia.html Arabia.htm

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