Presentation 1: Comparative and Superlative 3. In languages that have adjectives, the adjectives often have comparative and superlative forms.

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1 Notes Grammar in Context Presentation 1: Comparative and Superlative 3 صيغ التفضيل 1. Simple Comparison In languages that have adjectives, the adjectives often have comparative and superlative forms. For example: Jane is as tall as John. (the positive form of the adjective) John is taller than Jane. (the comparative form of the adjective) John is the tallest of his brothers and sisters. (the superlative form of the adjective) In Arabic, when we say محمد ا طول من ا حمد, it means that both people are tall, but that محمد, it means that محمد هو الا طول في الصف When we say.ا حمد is taller than محمد is the tallest person in the classroom. Remember that adjectives and all other parts of speech in Arabic come from the verb root. Read part of a letter that محسن wrote to a new pen pal. In the letter, محسن describes his classmates and classroom. Pay special attention to the underlined words. ا هلا يا صديقي الجديد ا نا الا ن ا درس في مدرسة الشرق الا وسط الا ولى. في صفي تسعة زملاء وا نا الا صغر سنا بينهم. عندي صديق يجلس بجواري وهو ا ك ب ر سنا وا ق د م في الخدمة مني. قاي د الصف هو الا قدم في الرتبة في كل الصف ولكنه ليس الا كبر سنا وفصلنا هو الا وسع في المدرسة كلها وفيه سبورة ا لكترونية ا ح د ث من السبورة الا لكترونية في صفي القديم. The verb roots for the underlined words are: كبر - قدم - حدث How is the comparative formed in Arabic? Write your thoughts in English. 3 In Arabic, both degrees of comparison (comparatives and superlatives) are indicated by a single pattern. This pattern is a noun derived from a verb. The noun is called تفضيل.اسم The word فضل means that two or more entities share a common attribute, but that one of them has more of this attribute than the others. 11.9

2 Compare your thoughts with the rule: Notes.ا ك ب ر as in,ا ف ع ل The comparative derived from three-letter verbs 4 follows the pattern The comparative form is usually followed by the word,م ن as in م ن,ا ك ب ر which means bigger than. If the verb contains a shadda indicating a double consonant, add ا. The comparative.ا ش د ا ق ل becomes Read the letter again. Pay special attention to the new underlined words. ا هلا يا صديقي الجديد ا نا الا ن ا درس في مدرسة الشرق الا وسط الا ولى. في صفي تسعة زملاء وا نا الا ص غ ر سنا بينهم. عندي صديق يجلس بجواري وهو ا كبر سنا وا قدم في الخدمة مني. قاي د الصف هو الا ق د م في الرتبة في كل الصف ولكنه ليس الا ك ب ر سنا وفصلنا هو الا و س ع في المدرسة كلها وفيه سبورة ا لكترونية ا حدث من السبورة الا لكترونية في صفي القديم... The verb roots for the underlined words are: صغر- قدم - كبر - وسع How is the superlative formed in Arabic? Write your thoughts below. Compare your thoughts with the rule:.الا ك ب ر, as in ٥ ا ف ع ل to ال The superlative is formed by adding ض ر/ خ ض راء as in,ا ف ع ل / ف ع لاء 4 Except those whose masculine and feminine take the measure.ا خ Those words form the comparative and superlative in the same way as non-three-letter verbs. Non-three-letter verbs will be introduced in the next section. ٥ You will learn more about the superlative in Chapter

3 Notes Comprehension Check. Select one of the comparative forms in Column B to link a phrase from Column A with another from Column C. Draw a line between the phrases and the comparative form. Check your work with that of a partner. The first one has been done for you. C B A من ا ضاءة الغرفة الا ولى. ا بعد شاشة هذا الكمبيوتر من لوس ا نجلوس بماي ة ميل. هوالا كبر سان دييجو في المدرسة كلها. ا كبر ا خي الكبير كريم في الا سرة كلها. هو الا وسع ا ضاءة هذه الغرفة من شاشة الكمبيوتر النقال. ا قوى الصف ا ا قل ا كثر 2. Comparison with Read the sentence and see if you can figure out how the comparative is formed. الحشيش على الجانب الا خر من السور ا ك ث ر خ ض رة (اخضرارا) من الحشيش على هذا الجانب. How is the comparative formed in this instance? Write your thoughts below: Compare your thoughts with the rule: The comparative of three-letter words whose masculine and feminine take the measure / ف ع لاء,ا ف ع ل as in ض ر/ خ ض راء,ا خ is formed by using a comparative word.خ ض ر ة followed by a noun in the accusative, such as ا ق ل / ا ك ث ر such as 11.11

4 Comprehension Check. Select one of the comparative forms in Column B to link a phrase from Column A with another phrase from Column C. Draw a line between the phrases and the comparative form. The first one has been done for you. Notes C B A احمرارا من القميص الا خر. ا كثر هل ا نت مريضة لون وجهك اصفرارا من الا مس. ا قل السماء اليوم بياضا من الملابس الا خرى. ا قل هذا القميص اخضرارا من تلك الشجرة القصيرة. ا كثر هذه الملابس زرقة من الا مس. ا كثر الشجرة الطويلة ACTIVITY 4 With a partner, read the sentences and change the words in parentheses to a comparative or superlative form. ١. هذه الطابعة الكبيرة من جميع الطابعات الا خرى. (سرع) ٢. زوجتي من ابنتي الكبيرة. (قصيرة) ٣. سلة المهملات هذه من هذا الكيس. (صغر) ٤. مكنسة ميلي من مكنسة هوفر. (قوي) ٥. لماذا ا صبح لون وجهك (حمر) ٦. مدينة سان هوزيه من ساليناس. (كبيرة) ٧. قاي د صفنا رتبة في الصف كله. (قديم) ٨. القهوة التركية من القهوة الا مريكية. (قوية) ٩. كلما كبرت في العمر كلما ا صبحت. (ضعيف) ١٠. هذا المطعم هو مساحة في مدينة مونتيري. (كبير) Answer Key ا سرع / ا قصر / ا صغر / ا قوى / (ا كثر) حمرة ا و احمرارا /ا كبر / ا قدم / ا قوى / ا ضعف / الا كبر 11.12

5 Notes ACTIVITY 5 Complete each sentence by looking at the pictures and using a comparative or superlative form from the list. The first one has been done for you. (الا حدث ا حدث / الا صغر ا صغر / الا وضح ا وضح / الا قل ا قل ا ضاءة / الا قدم / ا قدم) ١. هذا المصباح ا قل ا ضاءة من المصباح الا خر. ٢. هذه الطابعة من الطابعة الا خرى. ٣. غلاية القهوة هذه هي بين الغلايات الثلاثة. ٤. هذا الجندي هو في الخدمة بين الجنود الا ربعة ٥. هذه الخريطة من تلك التي على الحاي ط الا خر

6 ACTIVITY 6 are students of Arabic at the DLI. During the break, they are talking in the سناء and ا كرم hallway. a. Listen to their dialogue and write down the topic. Topic: Notes The Script for Steps a & b is on page b. Listen again and write down as many of the comparative and superlative forms as you can. c. Work with a partner. Use the comparative and superlative forms you wrote down in Step b in new sentences. Be as creative as you wish. Model: ا ضاءة غرفتي في الثكنة

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