AP Art History Powerpoint. By: Shabeeb Reza

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1 AP Art History Powerpoint By: Shabeeb Reza

2 Introduction 1. Petra, Jordan 2. Treasury, Jordan 3. Great Temple, Jordan 4. Buddha Bamiyan, Afghanistan 5. The Kaaba Mecca, Saudi Arabia

3 Petra, Jordan Located in the southwestern desert of Jordan between the Red Sea and the Dead Sea Half-built and half carved into rock Rose city Was the capital city to the Nabataean kingdom 400 BCE-100 CE Nabataean Ptolemaic and Roman

4 Strabo- 64 BCE-21 CE A greek Geographer and historian Recorded the Nabataeans activities

5 Nabataeans A nomadic tribe from Arabia in sixth century BCE Highly skilled engineers and highly skilled traders Spoke a dialect of Arabic and later adopted the use of Aramaic Worshipped a pantheon of deities

6 King Aretas IV (reigned 9 BCE- 40 CE) Aretas, King of the Nabataeans, Friend of his People Crucial for adjusting state affairs

7 Nabataean Religion The six main gods: Al Quam-the warrior god, Al Kutbay-the god of divination, Allat-the goddess of spring and fertility, Al Uzzagoddess of love, Manawat-the god of destiny, and Dushares-lord of the mountains Represented their gods in the form of a stelae

8 The Siq The siq is referred to a thaniya which means a small crack in a mountain The siq is the main entrance into Petra 3 meters wide(9.8 feet) and 1.2 kilometers(0.75 mile) long

9 Treasury- Al-Khazneh 400 BCE-100 CE Greek-influenced architecture Nabataean Ptolemaic and Roman 250 feet high Sandstone Made for King Aretas IV?

10 Corinthian Capital

11 Pediment

12 Treasury On top, four eagles rest representing to carry away the souls Middle level, rest the dancing Amazon's, Isis-Tyche, and twin gods (Castor and Pollux)

13 Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade

14 Great Temple One of the largest and freestanding complexes in Petra Nabataeans and King Aretas IV Nabataean style Sandstone 400 BCE-100 CE

15 Buddha Bamiyan, Afghanistan Located between India and Central Asia CE Cut rock with plaster and polychrome paint Considered to be the largest buddha statue in the world Gandhara

16 Gandhara=Greco-Buddhist Art

17 Buddhism in Afghanistan Buddhism was one of the main religions in Afghanistan in 350 BCE Greek Seleucid Empire and the Indian Mauryan Empire to form a federation

18 The Destruction of the Buddha

19 Before destruction and after destruction

20 Reconstruction Buddha in 3D

21 The Kaaba Mecca, Saudi Arabia Created by Ibrahim and Ismail for the dedication to Prophet Muhammad CE Pre-Islamic Monument Granite masonry, covered with silk curtain and calligraphy and silver wrapped thread

22 Ibrahim and Ismail Prophet of God The sacrifice

23 Brief Understanding of the Kaaba

24 The Black Stone- Al-Hajar-Aswad Stone from paradise Brought from the angel Gabriel

25 The modifications of the Kaaba Caliph Uthman, built the colonnades around the open space 683 Caliph Ibn-Zubayr resembled the black stone with a silver frame, he also rebuilt the Kaaba in wood and stone Umayyad caliph Al-Walid decorated it with mosaics In the seventh century, the Kaaba was covered with the kiswa Sultan Qaitbay built a madrasa against one side of the mosque Suleiman I and Selim II renovated the complex massively 1631 Kaaba was entirely rebuilt after natural disasters During the 1950s, Saudi Arabia government expanded the mosque

26 Calligraphy The most important use of art in Islamic art Highest form of art Used to transmit text (Qur'an) from God to Muhammad

27 Mosque architecture Sahn (courtyard)

28 Mosque architecture Mihrab (niche)- used for position to pray

29 Mosque architecture Minaret-used to call for prayer

30 Mosque architecture Qubba (dome)symbolic representation of the vault of heaven

31 Mosque architecture (decorations) Hanging lampsused to lighten prayer hall through day and night

32 Mosque Architecture Mosque patronageschools,kitchens, medical clinics...etc

33 Famous Islamic Monuments Selimiye Mosque, Edirne, Turkey Built in sixteenth century Considered to be one of the best examples of Islamic Architecture

34 Famous Islamic Monuments Nasir Al-Mulk Mosque, Shiraz, Iran Built in 1888 Known as the pink mosque Considered to be a traditional mosque

35 Nasir Al-Mulk Mosque, Shiraz, Iran

36 Famous Islamic Monuments Hassan II Mosque, Casablanca, Morocco Built in 1993 Largest mosque in Africa Tallest minaret in the world (689 ft) On the coast of the Atlantic Ocean

37 Hassan II Mosque, Casablanca, Morocco

38 Famous Islamic Monuments Taj Mahal, Agra, India Built in Built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan Dedicated to his wife(s)

39 Bibliography

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