ISLAM: Introduction and Significant People

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "ISLAM: Introduction and Significant People"

Transcription

1 Understanding Faith UN nlhs.sor.2262 PW 28wiseGOES1& ISLAM: Introduction and Significant People A'isha Bint Abu Bakr Born in 612 CE, A'isha was one of twelve or thirteen wives and the daughter of the First Rightly Guided Caliph. early Muslim chroniclers suggest that A'isha was twelve to fourteen years old when she was to Muhammad, the traditional view is that she was nine. In any case, she spent many of her years in Muhammad's household. A'isha died in 678 CE. She grew up and spent a small part of her with Muhammad, who reportedly regarded her as his favourite wife. However, most of her adult life was spent as a widow, A'isha never remarried after Muhammad's death. She lived through the era of the Four Guided Caliphs (632 CE CE) and witnessed the ascent to power of the Dynasty. This was a time of rapid expansion of Islam, an era that social reform, religious tolerance and the consolidation of the Qur'an. However, it was also a period of civil unrest, during the third and fourth caliphates and A'isha played a prominent role in some of these events and in the of Islam. Contribution to the Development and Expression of Islam Knowledge of Teachings Having studied under Muhammad's guidance for many years, A'isha was very in the Qur'an and the Sunnah of Muhammad. She was regarded as a legal expert and many arguments over finer points of law. A'isha had her own script of the Qur'an after Muhammad's death and committed every verse to memory. A'isha was a and reliable source of Hadith and sayings of Muhammad are as having originated from her. Scholars agree that A'isha is the source of a amount of knowledge existing today about the life of Muhammad, his deeds and. Support for Women A'isha has made a significant contribution to the role, and education of Islamic women. In seventh-century Arabia, women were generally to household duties. Playing a prominent role in politics and public, A'isha promoted leadership and responsibility beyond the household, among Islamic women. Many practices in Islam began during the time of her marriage to, for example, the: 1.consumption of alcohol became prohibited 2.laws regarding food, the to pay the Zakat, and the rites associated with the hajj, were. This period also witnessed the: 1.seclusion of women 2.customary wearing of the hijab in public and when.

2 - 2 - Muhammad's wives wore the veil, but other women were not required to do so. He had a society where Muslim women were religious and political leaders who fought and prayed Muslim men. It is believed that after the death of Muhammad, it was Muslim men, not Islam, who the rights of women. A'isha was passionate about the education of women, in law and in the teachings of Islam. She dedicated much of her time to them what she had learned from Muhammad. She discussed matters with them that specifically to women. Involvement in Warfare A'isha's role in politics caused her to be in warfare. She had spoken openly against some actions of the third caliph, Uthman., when he was murdered, she claimed that Ali ibn Abi Talik, the fourth caliph, was wrong for not Uthman's death and A'isha commanded a small army against him. A'isha's forces were in the battle that ensued. Ali, rather than causing A'isha harm, sent her back to Medina to take care of his own sons ( grandsons). After arriving in Medina, A'isha retired from public life and took no part in political activities. Sunni Islam A'isha is highly regarded among Sunni and is known as the Mother of Believers. She is regarded as a highly woman and one of the most significant scholars of early Islam. of women in the Sunni world revere A'isha as a role model. By, Shi'a scholars take a less favourable view of her. They believe that A'isha a serious sin when she opposed and fought against Ali, whom the consider to be the divinely appointed successor of Muhammad. Ethical Issues in Islam - Sexual Ethics of Islamic Sexual Ethics Islamic sexual ethics are based on a number of, duties and rights. Sexual activity, when carried out in appropriate circumstances, is also as a virtue. Accordingly, there are two principal sources of sexual ethics. 1. law or shari'ah 2.Moral principles Islamic Law According to Islamic law every action falls into one of five. 1.Obligatory (fard) 2.Recommended (mandub) 3.Permitted (mubah) 4.Discouraged (makrub)

3 - 3-5.Prohibited (haram) Rulings not treated in Islamic sacred texts, or formulated from them by Islamic, are regarded as innovations. They are prohibited by Islamic religious law, unless by ethical principles. Moral Principles Moral principles underlying Islamic sexual ethics are from the: 1.Qur'an 2.Sunnah as recorded in Hadith 3.ijtihad which is the or original interpretation of problems not covered specifically in the Qur'an and Hadith. In Sunni Islam, comprises analogy, scholarly consensus, public welfare and custom. In Shi'a Islam, consists entirely of reason. Islamic law is very clear and specific in its on sexual ethics. Islamic moral principles constitute the framework from which is derived, i.e. the principles that provide the reasoning behind the law. To how this works, it is necessary to appreciate how the Islamic system governing sexual ethics is organised. Organisation of Islamic Ethical System Sexual Ethics Six Universal Standards The Islamic ethical system governing human revolves around the preservation of six universal standards. 1.Religion 2.Life 3.Physical and mental health 4. 5.Lineage 6.Honour and dignity Two Governing Factors In essence, the preservation of these standards is governed by two overarching factors, the: 1.prevention of harm by enacted to preserve one or more of the universal standards 2.accrual of by permitted actions that enhance one or more of the universal.

4 - 4 - Three Categories Every action is classified under three categories, based on law. The categories are actions: 1.prohibited in order to preserve one or more of the standards 2.considered necessary in order to maintain one or more of the standards 3.recommended in order to enhance one or more of the standards. These ethical principles are given practical application through Islamic law, which governs what is permissible and what is not permissible in the of human sexuality. The application of this comprehensive system of sexual ethics to of sexuality is shown in the following diagram. Fard - Obligatory Sexual Complementarity Islam teaches that man and woman complement one another, both and emotionally. They are clothing for you and you are clothing for them. - Qur'an 2:187, 'Surat (The Cow)', Sexual intercourse in marriage is regarded as the most expression of this complementarity. In Islam, it is seen as a highly way of preserving religion, and the proper use of sexual intercourse is seen as an act of. Not surprisingly, sexual intercourse is openly recommended in the Qur'an. Within, it is a necessary activity for the preservation of physical and mental health. And when they have themselves, then come to them from where Allah has ordained for you. - Qur'an 2:222, 'Surat (The Cow)', Purposes Sexual intercourse has two purposes in Islam: 1.preservation of the family lineage through procreation 2.satisfaction of the sexual needs and desires of the couple. Having children brings honour to the family. Muslims are strongly to marry, not only for reproductive purposes, but also for the of sexual pleasures. Sexual intercourse in marriage is regarded so important that it is one of the conjugal rights of the

5 - 5 - wife. It is therefore for a man to engage in sexual intercourse with his wife at least once every four months. This can only be relaxed if there is a valid reason, or if the wife waives her right to sexual. Although a wife cannot force her spouse to comply, constant refusal on his behalf, or the to have sex constitutes a valid reason for divorce. Apart from the when sexual intercourse is considered obligatory, sexual activity is highly recommended by law at other times as well. Prohibitions There are some prohibitions on sexual activity. Islamic law prohibits sexual intercourse when the wife is. Nevertheless, other forms of intimate contact are considered legitimate. It is harm, so keep away from wives during. And do not approach them until they are pure. - Qur'an 2:222, 'Surat (The Cow)', Sexual intercourse is prohibited on three further occasions: 1.during bleeding 2.in the day during the month of Ramadan 3.while a person is on to Mecca. Islamic Hadith views sexual intercourse as a highly private affair, and one that must be utmost privacy. No one should be able to see or hear the couple while they are in sexual activity. Matters relating to sexual activity should not be with anyone, but the couple. Amongst the lowest grades of people before God on the day of is the man going to his wife (and making sex) and she going to him: then either of them their common secret. Mandub - Recommended Sexual Practices Modesty While there is no between men and women in terms of their relationship with God, Islam places the of modesty of the female to preserve the honour and dignity of her family. This was explained by Imam al-baqir. The best woman among you is the one who the armour of shyness when she undresses for her husband, and puts on the armour of when she dresses up again.

6 Wasa'il, Vol. 14, pp.14-15, While there were early on the issue, community norms eventually led to the development of a code of dress for women, as well as their segregation from men in the public sphere. Early argued whether or not women should have their hair exposed in public. scholars maintained that women should always conceal their hair when in the public sphere, while others argued that they needed to their hair only when praying in public. Contemporary Practices In the modern world, the of Islamic women from the public sphere has largely been replaced by a dress code they are to follow. Male and female segregation still occurs in the mosque and some public. Conservative Islamic religious scholars continue to maintain that full body covering, the wearing of a full head-cover, is an absolute obligation, a shared by many Muslim women. Other scholars are more lenient, arguing that is more important than what a woman wears. They recommend that women follow a dress code more in line with the norms of the in which they live. In Australia, Muslim women wear longs pants and/or a loose skirt and long- top, along with a simple veil covering the hair. In countries where women are likely to gain unwanted attention if they wear a, they are encouraged not to do so. Conservative community norms remain in many Muslim countries. There a woman's domain is her home, and men are to permit them to enter public spaces unless it is absolutely. Outside her own home and in the presence of all but the of male relatives, an Islamic woman should be fully covered and wear full head Mubah - Permitted Sexual Practices Who to Marry Muslims are only to marry another Muslim. This legal ruling is based on the standard that it is necessary to preserve the Islamic religion. There is no that both spouses need to be Sunni Muslims or Shi'a Muslims. A Sunni Muslim is to marry a Shi'a Muslim. However, Islamic jurists maintain it is better for a Sunni Muslim to be to a Sunni Muslim, or for both spouses to be Shi'ites. They the marriage of a Sunni and Shi'a couple if the union is likely to either spouse.

7 - 7 - Shi'a religious jurists permit a Muslim to marry a or a Jew, provided the marriage is a temporary contract. In at this ruling, they refer to the traditional ethical maxim that the lesser of two evils is if, as in this case, it preserves the physical and mental health of the spouse. When to Marry Muslim boys and girls are permitted to marry as soon as they reach, which in Islam is determined by one of the following: 1.age - lunar years for boys and nine lunar years in the case of girls (one lunar year is to days) 2.after the boy's first nocturnal emission 3.after the of pubic hair in boys and girls. According to Islam, a sexual urge begins at the onset of puberty and must only be in marriage. Marriage at a young age is seen as a lesser evil than one's sexual desires outside the context of marriage. This position does not imply that Islam mental and emotional maturity to be less important. It is not in traditional Islamic families for a boy and girl to sign their contract, but continue to live with their respective families until they finish their, after which they hold the marriage ceremony and begin their life. In these situations they are permitted to have sexual intercourse with each other prior to the ceremony, but it is recommended that they use contraception as a means of the girl from becoming pregnant. Contraception and Family Planning In Islam, is the only recognised means by which a man and a woman can share an relationship, and it is the only legitimate way of procreating. The family is as a sacred institution, and is the only context in which should be raised. God is the witness to the sacred covenant of between a man and a woman. Adultery and homosexual relations constitute a of that sacred covenant, and are prohibited by Islamic law. The Qur'an that life and children are sacred gifts from God. To Allah the dominion of the heavens and the earth; He creates what he wills. He gives to whom He wills female [2], and He gives to whom He wills males. Or He makes them [3] males and, and He renders whom He wills barren. Indeed, He is Knowing and

8 - Qur'an 42:49-50, 'Surat Ash-Shuraa (The Consultation)', For this reason, the use of used to be considered against the teachings of the Qur'an. However, the Qur'an does not address the issue of contraception. In recent years, the majority of scholars have agreed that family planning techniques are permissible in Islam. This is the Qur'an does not prohibit birth control, nor does it restrict a couple from pregnancies or from limiting their number, and because Muhammad's companions used such. In Islam today, there are a number of reasons justifying the use of family techniques. Contraception may be used to: avoid health risks to a child from the 'changed' milk of a pregnant mother avoid health risks to the mother that would result from pregnancies, short birth intervals, or young age avoid pregnancy in an sick wife avoid transmission of disease from parents to their offspring a wife's beauty and physical fitness, thereby continuing the enjoyment of her, ensuring a happier married life, and keeping the husband faithful avoid the hardships of caring for a larger family, which might compel parents to resort to activities or exhausting themselves to earn a living allow for the, proper rearing, and religious training of children, which are more feasible with fewer avoid the danger of children being converted from Islam in enemy avoid producing children in times of religious decline enable separate sleeping for boys and girls after puberty, which is more feasible with fewer. - Farzaneh Roudi-Fahimi, 'Islam and Family Planning', While the great majority of religious scholars approve the use of temporary forms of contraception, few permanent methods, such as sterilisation and vasectomy. A minority of Islamic have opposed the use of family planning techniques altogether. They maintain that any which prevents pregnancy is equivalent to murder, which the Qur'an clearly. Consistent with Islamic law, they argue that the prevention of harm (to the new life) far exceeds any benefit the couple may derive from sexual. In their view, the use of family planning techniques is opposed to the principles of preserving lineage and religion Polygamy

9 - 9 - And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of [4] women, two or three or four. But if you fear that you will not be just, then [5] one or those your right hand. That is more suitable that you may not incline [6]. - Qur'an 4:3, 'Surat (The Women)', Polygamy is only permitted under strictly observed conditions. Following the of Muhammad, who had many wives, a man is permitted to have up to four wives, his second and subsequent wives are widows with children. This ruling is aimed at the woman's property, and ensuring that she and her children can enjoy a quality of life. However, in these situations there are restrictions which must be addressed before such marriages may take place. 1.The marriage must alleviate pain and for the widow and her children, and not cause pain and to the man's existing wife or wives. 2.The Qur'an forbids a man from a wife who is younger than his first wife. 3.A polygamous is considered to be an abuse if the husband has a young family. A man is also to enter into a polygamous marriage if his existing wife is barren and he wants so as to preserve his Islamic heritage. Islamic jurists consider the second to be a lesser evil than divorcing his barren wife in order to marry woman. In all cases of polygamy the husband must be able to for his wives equally. In Islamic law, all the wives have the same status and are to identical rights and claims over their husband. While Islam permits a man under circumstances to marry more than one wife, a woman may have only one. This ruling is based on the need to preserve the Islamic. If a woman is married to more than one man, then it may not be to determine the father of the new-born child, a situation unacceptable in Islam. Mukrub - Sexual Practices Celibacy Islam discourages celibacy on the grounds that it is not an way of coming close to God. Those who choose a life of have to be very strong to manage their sexual urges appropriately. to Islam, these urges become a distraction as the celibate person to grow spiritually. Islamic jurists turn to the Sunnah to arrive at this ruling, as well as the of Muhammad, who was married and had children.

10 The Prophet went out to his and said, 'Do you abstain from women whereas I go to the women? I eat during the day and sleep during the night! dislikes my tradition, then he is not from me.' - Imam Ali, The Sexual Morality (I) - Its Foundation, 'Celibacy and Monasticism is Forbidden, 2, In Islam, marriage is highly recommended as an institution because it is a good and lawful gift from God. Sexual, like food, is considered one of the good things God has given to human beings and to is to exceed the law of God. O you who have, do not prohibit the good things which Allah has made lawful to you and do not. Indeed, Allah does not like transgressors. And eat of what Allah has for you [7] lawful and good. And fear Allah, in whom you are. Allah will not impose blame upon you for what is meaningless in your oaths, but He will impose blame upon you for [8] what you intended of oaths. - Qur'an 5:87-89, 'Surat Al-Ma'idah (The Table Spread)', While divorce is permitted in Islam, it is nevertheless strongly discouraged due to the high esteem the institution of marriage. Islamic jurists permit a man to divorce his wife her consent. After being divorced, a woman is not permitted to for three months in case she was pregnant at the time of. This ruling is based on the principle of preserving the Islamic family. By contrast, a woman cannot divorce her husband without his consent once the has been consummated, unless the husband continually refuses to have sexual with her. The grounds for divorce vary considerably, e.g. 1.Hanifi scholars accept almost no on which a woman can divorce her husband 2.Maliki jurists allow her to seek for non-support, abandonment and physical and emotional injury. Haram - Prohibited Sexual Marriage of Blood Relations An Islamic woman is not required to wear a veil in when in the of her: father son

11 uncle nephew step-son son-in-law foster brother foster husband. These people are considered blood relations and are prohibited from her. Consequently, the veil signifies whether or not a marriage is or prohibited. Cousins are permitted to marry one another, even though they are, in a strict sense, blood, because the female is required to wear a veil in their. Similarly, a man is prohibited from marrying his mother, daughter, aunt, niece,, daughter-in-law, foster mother, foster sister, step daughter, sister-in-law or any married woman. The law the marriage of blood relatives is a practical application of the standard to preserve the Islamic family lineage. Marriage of blood relatives a threat to the stability of the family unit and maintenance of family. Pre-Marital and Extra-Marital Sex It has already been stated that sexual in Islam are strictly limited to the confines of marriage. In fact, the of marriage is to protect the spouses from desiring to engage in any form of sexual outside the context of the marriage relationship. It is therefore not that pre-marital and extra-marital sex is strictly prohibited. Islam requires the to abstain from having sex. Islamic jurists base this ruling on the Qur'an. They argue that one means of practising sexual abstinence is to fast continuously. But let them who find not [9] abstain [10] until Allah enriches them from His bounty. And those who seek a [11] from among whom your right hands possess - then make a with them if you know there is within them goodness and give them from the wealth of Allah which He has given you. And do not compel your slave girls to, if they desire chastity, to seek [12] the temporary interests of life. And if someone should compel them, then indeed, Allah is [13], after their, Forgiving and Merciful. - Qur'an 24:33, 'Surat An-Nur (The Light)',

12 Shi'a go much further in their rulings on pre-marital sex. They argue that an person should abstain from sex until marriage. If that is not the person should enter into a temporary marriage. Shi'a Islam nominates marriage for the purpose of engaging in sexual activity to appropriately one's sexual urges. They argue that a temporary marriage constitutes a lesser evil than having sex. Early Sunni Islamic jurists adopted a similar position, but abandoned the of temporary marriage several centuries ago. In a minority of countries, sex is punishable by Islamic religious law. The first offence incurs a of 100 lashes and subsequent offences are punished by an increasing number of. The death penalty follows the fourth transgression. Universal standards prohibiting any form of sex the institution of marriage are preservation of: 1.lineage 2.honour and dignity. sex is repeatedly prohibited in the Qur'an and the Hadith. And do not unlawful sexual intercourse. Indeed, it is ever an immorality and is evil as a way. - Qur'an 17:32, 'Surat (The Night Journey)', In most Islamic countries, adultery is not severely. However, in Islamic religious law or shari'ah it is punishable by to death. Homosexual and Bisexual Sexual Activity Although the Qur'an explicitly male homosexuality, Islamic jurists condemn all forms of same-sex sexual activity. This is of whether or not such activity is performed in a homosexual or relationship. As far as the Qur'an is concerned, same sex-sexual activity is a sin of such that God destroyed a whole nation for its promiscuous behaviour. So when Our came, We made the highest part [14] its lowest and rained upon them stones of hard clay. - Qur'an 11:82, 'Surat Hud (Hud)',

13 Islamic religious law same-sex sexual activity is based on the universal standard of preserving. Punishment prescribed by Islamic religious law for same-sex sexual activity is severe. 1.In the case of males, the active is to be given 100 lashes if he is not married, and killed if he is, while the passive partner is simply to be put to death. 2.In the case of, they are to receive 100 lashes if they are not married and stoned to death if they are. Although the punishment is severe, the burden of proving that same-sex sexual has taken place is onerous. Individuals must either confess to engaging in this or be accused of the act of sexual intercourse by at least four. Rape The Qur'an commands men and women to protect their chastity. Tell the men to reduce [15] of their vision and guard their private parts. That is purer for them. Indeed, Allah is with what they do. And tell the believing women to reduce [16] of their vision and guard their parts and not expose their adornment except that which [17] appears and to wrap [18] their head covers over their chests and not expose their except to their husbands, their fathers, their husbands' fathers, their sons, their sons, their brothers, their brothers' sons, their sisters' sons, their women, that which their right hands, or those male attendants having no physical desire, or children who are not yet aware of the aspects of women. - Qur'an 24:30-31, 'Surat An-Nur (The Light)', Rape is by Islamic religious law as extramarital intercourse by force or fear, and it is a violation of the victim's chastity. It is a crime which threatens the good order of society and the physical and mental health of the victim. It is to note that there is no concept of rape within a in Islamic religious law. The reason is that both spouses accepted relations when they married. In Islamic religious law, rape is punishable by to death. Honour Killing Islam holds the honour and dignity of the family in very high esteem., this principle is given

14 expression in some fundamentalist Muslim countries through honour. This practice targets women and girls who are deemed or thought to have the honour of their family. Often, as little as speaking with an man, or the rumour of an extramarital affair, or pre-marital loss of, is sufficient cause to trigger an honour killing, which is usually out by the father or a brother of the victim. Even rape have been targeted in this way. Basing their ruling on the Qur'an and the Hadith, jurists unanimously prohibit all forms of honour killing in the strongest terms. It is simply un-islamic. Islamic tradition relates an incident in which Aisha, wife, was found in the company of another man. When rumours began to that she had been involved in an extramarital affair, Muhammad stipulated that the had to procure three witnesses before a legal trial could take place. to do so would incur a public lashing for falsely accusing her, or death if the had killed the victim. Significant Islamic Practices - Hajj Nature The hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca. It is the fifth pillar of Islam and occurs during the month of the Islamic calendar. Although the pilgrimage to Mecca is by Muslims to date back to the time of Abraham, the ritual is specifically associated with Muhammad. Prior to Muhammad, during the time known in Islam as the days of, or jahiliyyah, tribes from all parts of the Arabian Peninsula, made an annual to Mecca to visit the Ka'aba. The Ka'aba was a cube-shaped that contained some 360 idols of various deities worshipped by pilgrims. In 630, CE and his followers conquered Mecca without bloodshed. The idols were removed and the Ka'aba became the focus of the monotheistic Islamic pilgrimage, known as the hajj, thereby a whole era of idol worship in Arabia to an end. Laws Governing the Hajj The Qur'an states that it is compulsory for men and women to make a to Mecca once in a lifetime. And [19] to Allah from the people is a to the House - for whoever is able to find thereto a way.

15 Qur'an 3:97, 'Surat 'Ali 'Imran (Family of Imran)', The phrase is able to find thereto a way' refers to the attainment of the to perform the hajj. The pilgrimage to Mecca becomes obligatory for only when they attain that capacity. A person regarded incapable of the pilgrim journey to Mecca, but chooses to do so anyway, is to perform the pilgrimage a second time when he or she is to have attained that capacity. Islamic religious law details the conditions for attaining the capacity to perform the hajj. Conditions of Hajj The first and requirement for undertaking the pilgrimage to Mecca is faith. Without faith, of the prescribed rituals associated with the pilgrimage is considered invalid, and the act of is null and void. In addition to this requirement, one must have the age of puberty in order for the hajj to be valid. Pilgrims performing the Hajj Pilgrims performing the Hajj Once these two have been satisfied, there are four criteria to be met before the to Mecca becomes obligatory. 1.A person has to be of sound mind. to Muhammad, one who is mentally ill or insane cannot be held for his or her actions. Consequently, this person cannot be required to the pilgrimage to Mecca. 2.A person has to be able to the journey and return home safely, without the possibility of being to danger. 3.A person must be physically fit to perform the to Mecca. People who are unlikely to acquire the necessary fitness in the future are to arrange for someone else to perform the hajj on their behalf. 4.A person must the financial capacity to cover all travel and living expenses, maintain during the pilgrimage, and return to a secure source of income. Sunni law women to be accompanied by their husbands, or close relatives before whom the woman is not to veil. By contrast, Shi'a law permits a woman to make the on her own provided she feels safe. When a person reaches Mecca, law requires him or her to perform a series of rituals over a period of five days. However, due to Saudi Arabian state laws, it is to complete the pilgrimage in less than eight days.

16 Performance of Hajj While there are minor in the rituals associated with the performance of the hajj, they conform to a common pattern. Preparation To perform the rituals associated with the hajj one is to be in a special state of ritual purity, known as Ihram. While in the state of this ritual purity, women may either wear their normal modest dress, or a simple white gown, called an ihram. During this time, they may not cover their hands or face. The male of the ihram is a seamless white garment consisting of two sheets. One piece covers the waist and legs, while the other covers the upper part of the body. While in a state of ritual purity, are not permitted to carry any weapons, or hunt or kill. They are prohibited from shaving, cutting their nails, wearing perfumes and shoes that cover the ankles. They cannot marry or propose to anyone, and sexual are prohibited. Finally they are not allowed to swear, fight, argue or damage or uproot any flora. are required to be clothed in the ihram at the time they enter Mecca. There, the hajj begins on the eighth day of the month with a ritual bath before noon. to Mina After the ritual bath, pilgrims make their way to Mina where they spend the rest of the day. There they pray, rest and themselves for the next day's ritual, which takes place on the Plain of Arafat. on the Plain of Arafat On the ninth day of the month, head for the Plain of Arafat about 14 km southeast of Mecca. Facing Mecca they spend the day in ritual, meditation and prayer. They may listen to a sermon delivered from Mount Arafat where is reported to have given his last sermon. Some pilgrims sit and talk, while others climb the Mount of Mercy. When the sun sets, a canon is ceremonially fired. This is the signal for the to leave Mina and travel to Muzdalifah where they pray and rest, on the ground in the open air during the night. Stoning the Devil The tenth day of the month begins before. Pilgrims gather pebbles to be used in rituals during the next three days. They then to Mina where, prior to 2004, each threw seven white pebbles at three

17 tall representing the devil. Since then, these pillars have been replaced by long walls of the increasing number of pilgrims visiting the site. Eid al-adha or Feast of is a three-day festival, the beginning of which is marked by the ritual of the of the Devil. This feast is celebrated by Muslims around the world. Tawaf After in Mecca, pilgrims proceed to the Ka'aba where they perform Tawaf, or seven circumambulations around the Ka'aba while reciting prayers. While circling the Ka'aba, either kiss the Black Stone or point to it with their right hands each time they pass it., men perform the first three circuits at a brisk pace then a more walking pace is adopted. Sa'i Straight after performing Tawaf, pilgrims walk seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah in a ritual known as Sa'i. This area is now by the mosque and is accessed through air conditioned tunnels. Before, pilgrims drink from the Well of Zamzan. Return to Mina Having Tawaf and Sa'i, pilgrims return to Mina to spend two days there. They are now to do everything that was lawful before Ihram. Each afternoon at Mina, they throw seven at the three pillars. Pilgrims are required to leave for Mecca before sunset, where they Tawaf around the Ka'aba for the last time. Hajj as an of Islamic Beliefs Submission to the Will of God When Muslims their pilgrimage to Mecca they commemorate what Muhammad taught them about hajj. The focuses the pilgrim's attention on some important beliefs of Islam. Muhammad the pilgrimage as the greater Jihad, a spiritual virtue Muslims are to cultivate. When pilgrims enter into the state of ritual purity during hajj, they commit themselves to overcoming the internal struggle against. One of the core beliefs of Islam is that people have to submit to the will of God in order to attain life in heaven. The is a physical expression of the believer's willingness to submit to the will of God.

18 for Sin Muhammad taught his followers that pilgrimage to Mecca wiped away one's sins. Amr ibn al-aas that the Messenger of Allah said Hajj wipes out whatever (sins) came before it. - Hadith, of Hajj, Muslim 20121, The pilgrimage to Mecca is a form of for sin. When believers repent of their sins they are granted God's mercy. Thus, a performed hajj is a means of entering heaven. Abu Hurayrah reported that the said Umrah is expiation for the time between it and the Umrah; and an accepted hajj has no less a reward than. - Hadith, Virtues of Hajj, Bukhari and Muslim , Use God's Gifts in The seamless garments, worn by pilgrims while in the state of ritual purity, the total renunciation of worldly life. Islam teaches that this is to purify the soul so believers become ever more conscious of God's and attain eternal life. Muslims believe that the earth's resources are gifts from God, to be used in in order to attain that spiritual purity of soul. Restrictions placed on while in a state of ritual purity, remind them of the of refraining from indulgent behaviour. Importance of Prayer Muhammad taught his about the importance of prayer. Muslims believe that God commanded them to pray and taught that prayer is beneficial. Pilgrimage to Mecca is filled with times for prayer - at Mina, the Plain of Arafat, At, during Tawaf, and on numerous other occasions. The hajj, therefore, reminds them of the of prayer. Unity of God Pilgrimage to Mecca highlights Islamic belief in the unity of God, e.g. the day of Arafat is a of the oneness of God. This is because on that day, all are engaged in prayer in the same place and at the same time. It is also a of the Day of Judgment when all people will stand before God.

19 The unity of God is given emphasis during Tawaf when the pilgrims perform seven circuits around the Ka'aba. This stone is the most important symbol of the unity of God, because it was here that reportedly removed all the idols of the pagan deities and established on the Arabian Peninsula. During this ritual Muslims acknowledge the greatness of God, to mind God's divine attributes that: God is eternal beyond time all-knowing all-seeing beyond human comprehension. According to Islamic tradition, Muhammad is as the last of the prophets and the messenger of God. This belief is also in the prayers recited during the ritual. Resist the Temptations of Satan believe that Satan is a supernatural being created from fire and of disobeying God. Satan is the enemy of human beings because he is to tempt them to make them disobey the will of God and entry into heaven. Muslims believe that Abraham was tempted by the devil three times and was, so he is a model of how they are to resist the of the devil and adopt a life of purity. This belief is during the Stoning of the Devil rituals. Muslims believe they are of Abraham who married his slave girl Hagar because his wife, Sarah, was barren. and Hagar had Ishmael, who became the father of the Muslim people. commemorate their heritage during the making of the Sa'i. Tradition holds that left Hagar and Ishmael in the desert because he feared that Sarah was and would harm the child. Hagar performed Sa'i when she was searching for water for her son between Safa and Marwah. Significance of the Hajj for Making the pilgrimage to Mecca is important both for the Islamic and for individual Muslims. Islamic Community The obligation to preserve the religion is one of the universal principles of Islam. Rituals of the hajj play an role in preserving the Islamic belief system because they remind the community of pilgrims of the core beliefs of Islam. They help the of believers to maintain the unity of their essential beliefs.

20 Pilgrimage encourage believers to reflect on the history of Islam and their heritage. The Ka'aba is a reminder of how Muhammad established Islam, while the are associated with Abraham and his family. These events are integral to the of Islam. When Islamic pilgrims from all parts of the world gather to on their religious history and heritage during the hajj, Islam's identity as a system is strengthened. Rituals also play an important role in maintaining social and cohesion within the Islamic community. Garments worn by pilgrims while in a state of ritual purity, remind them that all are equal in the eyes of God, no matter how rich or poor they may be. The of Muslim pilgrims from all over the world surpasses all differences based on race, colour and gender, the community of believers around the core beliefs of Islam. Thus the hajj the spirit of unity, equality, brotherhood and sisterhood within the world-wide community. Individual Muslims The hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam. It is one of the formal acts of worship that strengthens the faith and of believers. Each pillar holds up the structure of a Muslim's faith. Being one of the five of Islam, the hajj is considered to be of great importance to the Muslim. Rituals associated with the pilgrimage: reinforce what a Muslim believes help a Muslim to an Islamic identity deepen his or her understanding of what it means to be a Muslim. identity is further strengthened by the gathering of Muslims from the world over for one common - to fulfil their obligation to make the hajj. As these mingle together, they share their common beliefs and practices with one. Performance of the hajj results in many blessings, including the development of an disposition to more fully experience God's presence. Performance of the pilgrimage is an act of that is considered as meritorious as doing spiritual Jihad. To a Muslim, the hajj is one of the acts of penitence, the reward of which is the assurance of heaven.

The Origins of Islam. The Message and the Messenger. Created By: Beatrix, Lorien, and Selah

The Origins of Islam. The Message and the Messenger. Created By: Beatrix, Lorien, and Selah The Origins of Islam The Message and the Messenger Created By: Beatrix, Lorien, and Selah The Origin of Muhammad The Story of Islam The city of Mecca came about by a well. Hagar and Ishmael were stuck

More information

Islam Practices: Knowledge Organiser. In the correct columns explain the Sunni and Shi a approach to each of the following issues/practices in Islam:

Islam Practices: Knowledge Organiser. In the correct columns explain the Sunni and Shi a approach to each of the following issues/practices in Islam: Islam Practices: Knowledge Organiser Sunni and Shi a In the correct columns explain the Sunni and Shi a approach to each of the following issues/practices in Islam: Issue/Practice Sunni View Shi a View

More information

Section 1. Objectives

Section 1. Objectives Objectives Understand how Muhammad became the prophet of Islam. Describe the teachings of Islam. Explain how Islam helped shape the way of life of its believers. Terms and People Bedouins nomadic herders

More information

What are the five basic Pillars of Islam? : ; ;

What are the five basic Pillars of Islam? : ; ; JUDAISM MINI-QUIZ STUDY GUIDE The quiz will consist of approximately 20 short questions. Use the BBC Islam Guide as your resource. To be prepared, know the answers to the following. Questions are organized

More information

Islam beliefs and practices KEY WORDS

Islam beliefs and practices KEY WORDS Islam beliefs and practices KEY WORDS Ablution Ritual washing in Islam. The Arabic term is wudu. Adalat The concept of justice in Shi a Islam Adam One of the prophets of Allah. The father of humankind.

More information

Warmup. Islam is a monotheistic religion. What does monotheistic mean? Belief in one god

Warmup. Islam is a monotheistic religion. What does monotheistic mean? Belief in one god ISLAM Warmup Islam is a monotheistic religion. What does monotheistic mean? Belief in one god Agenda Warmup Islam PPT & Notes Venn Diagram Islam, Christianity, Judaism Pre-Islamic Arabia Pre-Islamic Arabia

More information

central beliefs and practices

central beliefs and practices central beliefs and practices What is Islam? Judaism, Christianity and Islam: a shared heritage Who was Muhammad (peace be upon him)? The Five Pillars of Islam Pillar 1: Shahāda (testament of faith) Pillar

More information

World Religions: Islam submission (To Allah, the God of Muhammed). Muslim those who submit. Islam: The world s youngest religion. Introductory Terms

World Religions: Islam submission (To Allah, the God of Muhammed). Muslim those who submit. Islam: The world s youngest religion. Introductory Terms Islam submission (To Allah, the God of Muhammed). World Religions: Islam: The world s youngest religion. Muslim those who submit. Introductory Terms 1.2 Billion World Wide = 1/5 of worlds population Muslim

More information

Islam: Beliefs and Teachings

Islam: Beliefs and Teachings Islam: Beliefs and Teachings CORE KNOWLEDGE: 1. What is tawhid? Tawhid is the oneness and unity of God. Muslims repeat this idea daily in the Shahadah. No one else has God s qualities or attributes his

More information

Best days of the year

Best days of the year Best days of the year 1 Why Thul Hijjah Days Are Blessed God created things and gave preference to some of them over others. He created people and gave preference to some over others. He created gardens

More information

Growing up Muslim A PRESENTATION BY MS. RIZVI

Growing up Muslim A PRESENTATION BY MS. RIZVI Growing up Muslim A PRESENTATION BY MS. RIZVI By now you all should have learned about the basics of Islam through your course of study with Ms. Sanfilippo. Hopefully I can also shed some light on my religion

More information

Islamic Practices. Fighting for a religious cause or God, controlled by a religious leader.

Islamic Practices. Fighting for a religious cause or God, controlled by a religious leader. Islamic Practices Key Words Day of Ashura Greater jihad Hajj Hajji Holy War Id-ul-Fitr Definition A festival that is important for Shia Muslims who remember the battle of Karbala and the death of Husayn.

More information

The Jesus Fatwah 2014 livingthequestions.com, LLC Session 1: Islam Licensed for use with purchase of accompanying DVD curriculum

The Jesus Fatwah 2014 livingthequestions.com, LLC Session 1: Islam Licensed for use with purchase of accompanying DVD curriculum A simple internet search that inquires after basic information about Islam will yield countless websites containing terabytes of information. Much of this information will be of dubious merit, and some

More information

Introduction to Islam. Edited from an Islamic Web-Site

Introduction to Islam. Edited from an Islamic Web-Site Introduction to Islam THE OPENING In the name of God, the most Beneficent, the most Merciful! Praise be to God, Lord of the Universe, the Mercygiving, the Merciful. Ruler on the Day of Judgment! You do

More information

A More On Islam Briefcast

A More On Islam Briefcast (pbuh) Prophet Abraham: The Founding Father 20 Slides including Cover A More On Islam Briefcast 1 Pilgrimage to Makkah This quick guide outlines the important aspects of Hajj, the fifth pillar of Islam

More information

TABLIGH QUIZ! BASED ON LAJNA IMAILLAH FAQ BOOK REFRESHER COURSE RD /4 TH DECEMBER 2016 BY NATIONAL TABLIGH TEAM UK

TABLIGH QUIZ! BASED ON LAJNA IMAILLAH FAQ BOOK REFRESHER COURSE RD /4 TH DECEMBER 2016 BY NATIONAL TABLIGH TEAM UK TABLIGH QUIZ! BASED ON LAJNA IMAILLAH FAQ BOOK REFRESHER COURSE 2016-2017 3 RD /4 TH DECEMBER 2016 BY NATIONAL TABLIGH TEAM UK QUESTION 1 HOW DO YOU EXPLAIN THE CONTRADICTION WHERE ON ONE HAND THE QUR

More information

The Proper Dress and Behavior of a Muslim

The Proper Dress and Behavior of a Muslim The Proper Dress and Behavior of a Muslim The health of the society depends upon a stable and happy family, and the loving relationship of the husband and wife are necessary for the stability of the family.

More information

Big Idea Islam emerges in the Arabian Peninsula. Essential Question What are the beliefs of Islam?

Big Idea Islam emerges in the Arabian Peninsula. Essential Question What are the beliefs of Islam? Big Idea Islam emerges in the Arabian Peninsula. Essential Question What are the beliefs of Islam? 1 Words To Know Islam a monotheistic religion that emerged in the Arabian Peninsula (Middle East) in the

More information

Abraham s Genealogy. Judaism-Torah. Islam-Quran Muhammad (the last prophet) Quran and the Five Pillars of Islam.

Abraham s Genealogy. Judaism-Torah. Islam-Quran Muhammad (the last prophet) Quran and the Five Pillars of Islam. Abraham s Genealogy 100-1500 HAGAR Islam-Quran ABRAHAM Judaism-Torah SARAH Ishmael Isaac 12 Arabian Tribes Jacob/Israel Esau Muhammad (the last prophet) Quran and the Five Pillars of Islam Mecca (Muslims)

More information

Islam Seminar Study Guide

Islam Seminar Study Guide 1 Islam Seminar Study Guide These notes are based on a lecture for Southam College that I delivered on Nov 7th 2018 (big thanks to Mrs. Thomas and the students!). They are based on my understanding of

More information

Significance of Festivals in Islam

Significance of Festivals in Islam Introduction: Bismillah-ir-Rahman-ir-Raheem Significance of Festivals in Islam It is common knowledge that scientists have assessed the age of this planet Earth to be around 4.9 billion years old 1. Once

More information

Global History Islam 1. What do the terms Islam and Muslim mean?

Global History Islam 1. What do the terms Islam and Muslim mean? Islam SLMS/09 Islam is the third of the three major monotheistic religions. It is descended from both Judaism and Christianity. People who practice the religion of Islam are known as Muslims, not Islams.

More information

3 Major Monotheistic Religions

3 Major Monotheistic Religions 3 Major Monotheistic Religions the Abrahamic Religions Monotheism a belief in one god The 3 major monotheistic religions are: Judaism Christianity Islam Overview All 3 monotheistic religions view Jerusalem

More information

Copyright. This article was originally published by IIASA Research Center.

Copyright. This article was originally published by IIASA Research Center. Copyright This article was originally published by IIASA Research Center. Adapted from the www.islaam.com. This book is not copyrighted. Any or all parts of this book may be used for educational purposes

More information

The Arabian Peninsula. Farming limited in Arabia Commerce lively Mecca, near Red Sea, most important of coastal towns

The Arabian Peninsula. Farming limited in Arabia Commerce lively Mecca, near Red Sea, most important of coastal towns The Rise of Islam The Arabian Peninsula Farming limited in Arabia Commerce lively Mecca, near Red Sea, most important of coastal towns Middle East: Climate Regions Fresh Groundwater Sources Mountain Ranges

More information

Hajj 2018 Step by Step

Hajj 2018 Step by Step Hajj 2018 Step by Step The first House (of worship) appointed for men was that at Bakka; full of blessing and of guidance for the Worlds [3-96] Hajj in the Qur an Hajj in the Qur an For Hajj are the months

More information

CHAPTER. 9.1 Introduction

CHAPTER. 9.1 Introduction 4 The beliefs and practices of Islam are a way of life for Muslims. CHAPTER The Teachings of Islam 9.1 Introduction In Chapter 8, you learned about the prophet Muhammad and the early spread of Islam. Now

More information

The Origins of Islam. EQ: How could I compare and contrast the three major world religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?

The Origins of Islam. EQ: How could I compare and contrast the three major world religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam? The Origins of Islam EQ: How could I compare and contrast the three major world religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam? Do you remember Sarah and Isaac? What about Hagar and Ishmael? Hagar and

More information

ISLAM at a Glance. Answers to common questions on Islam

ISLAM at a Glance. Answers to common questions on Islam ISLAM at a Glance Answers to common questions on Islam ISLAM at a Glance ISLAM AND MUSLIM Islam is an Arabic word which means peace, purity, acceptance and commitment. As a religion, Islam stands for

More information

Lesson 1 Student Handout 1.1 Islamic Beliefs and Practices

Lesson 1 Student Handout 1.1 Islamic Beliefs and Practices Lesson 1 Student Handout 1.1 Islamic Beliefs and Practices The word Islam means peace through submission to God. Muslim practice is defined by the Qur an (holy scripture) and the Sunnah, or example set

More information

N. Africa & S.W. Asia. Chapter #8, Section #2

N. Africa & S.W. Asia. Chapter #8, Section #2 N. Africa & S.W. Asia Chapter #8, Section #2 Muhammad & Islam Mecca Located in the mountains of western Saudi Arabia Began as an early trade center Hub for camel caravans trading throughout Southwest Asia

More information

- There are nearly 442 million Muslims living in Africa (47%) and the number is growing.

- There are nearly 442 million Muslims living in Africa (47%) and the number is growing. What is Islam? Main Features of Two Major Branches of Islam Sunni & Shia Islam, Fastest Growing Religion of the World - Islam is the fastest growing religion in the world. - Indeed, one out of every five

More information

Islam: Key Beliefs. Checked information in revision book/textbook? Do you have a quote/teaching to support? Exam question linked to the topic?

Islam: Key Beliefs. Checked information in revision book/textbook? Do you have a quote/teaching to support? Exam question linked to the topic? Islam: Key Beliefs support? The six articles of faith in Sunni Islam and five roots of Usul ad-din in Shi a Islam, including key similarities and differences Tawhid (the Oneness of God), Qur an Surah 112

More information

Look Learn Understand & Respect

Look Learn Understand & Respect Islam About the topic In this topic pupils will learn about their Islamic sisters and brothers, how they live as a family and how they worship Where this topic fits in This topic will be taught discretely

More information

KA'BAH. K is for Ka'bah Islamic Activity Lessons Page 1

KA'BAH. K is for Ka'bah  Islamic Activity Lessons Page 1 KA'BAH Islamic Activity Lessons Page 1 Kk KA'BAH Islamic Activity Lessons Page 2 HAJJ Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam. Muslims must make the pilgrimage to Makkah at least once in their lifetime. Although

More information

Understanding Islam Series Two: Standing before God

Understanding Islam Series Two: Standing before God C.T.R. Hewer. UI: Standing before God 5, page 1 Understanding Islam Series Two: Standing before God To view the video that goes with this article, go to www.ahlulbayt.tv/understandingislam Part Five: United

More information

Caring for a Muslim Patient with Mental Health Problems

Caring for a Muslim Patient with Mental Health Problems Caring for a Muslim Patient with Mental Health Problems Religion: Islam Participants: Muslims Basic elements: the Five Pillars: PILLAR ONE: The Declaration of Faith (SHAHADA), by verbally promising the

More information

Christianity - Sexual Ethics

Christianity - Sexual Ethics Christianity - Sexual Ethics Part Twelve: Ethical Issues in Christianity - Sexual Ethics Sources The are an authoritative source for Christian sexual ethics as they are for all ethics. In addition, some

More information

Christianity & Islam.

Christianity & Islam. Islam 1 1. Compare and contrast the development of Christianity & Islam. 2. Describe the core beliefs of a Muslim. 2 1. Origin of Islam 2. Core beliefs of Islam 3. Connections to Judaism & Christianity

More information

The Islamic Religion

The Islamic Religion The Islamic Religion Distribution and Diffusion of Islam Spread out of Medina through military conquest and relocation diffusion. Concentrated in the Middle East, Iberian Peninsula, and Northern Africa.

More information

A: Islam is a monotheistic religion. It is a religion that follows in the footsteps of Judaism and Christianity.

A: Islam is a monotheistic religion. It is a religion that follows in the footsteps of Judaism and Christianity. Frequently Asked Questions about Islam and Women in Islam By Dr. Monia Mazigh, 2017 Please note that this is a document under construction, I will keep updating and improving it. The definitions provided

More information

Islam. Outcomes: The Rise of Islam & Beliefs of Islam

Islam. Outcomes: The Rise of Islam & Beliefs of Islam Islam Outcomes: The Rise of Islam & Beliefs of Islam Constructive Response Questions 1. How was the development of Islam similar & different to Christianity? 2. Describe the core beliefs of a Muslim: What

More information

Chapter 6. The Story of Islam

Chapter 6. The Story of Islam Chapter 6 The Story of Islam Islam in Canada Islam is among the fastest-growing religious groups in Canada. Fewer than half the 650 000 Muslims living in Canada were born here. Canadian Muslims come from

More information

Name: Advisory: Period: Introduction to Muhammad & Islam Reading & Questions Monday, May 8

Name: Advisory: Period: Introduction to Muhammad & Islam Reading & Questions Monday, May 8 Name: Advisory: Period: High School World History Cycle 4 Week 7 Lifework This packet is due Monday, May 15th Complete and turn in on FRIDAY 5/12 for 5 points of EXTRA CREDIT! Lifework Assignment Complete

More information

Unit 3 SG 4. Introduction to Islam. Sunday, March 16, 14

Unit 3 SG 4. Introduction to Islam. Sunday, March 16, 14 Unit 3 SG 4 Introduction to Islam A.Pre-Islamic Arabia 1. Bedouin: People of the Desert - communal life essential for desert living; people belonged to tribes (patriarchal); nomadic & sedentary; paganism

More information

THE RISE OF ISLAM U N I T I I I

THE RISE OF ISLAM U N I T I I I THE RISE OF ISLAM U N I T I I I MUHAMMAD THE PROPHET From Mecca in modern day Saudi Arabia Muhammad was a middle aged merchant who claimed the Angel Gabriel asked him to recite the word of God. As a Merchant,

More information

Relationships Religious Teachings

Relationships Religious Teachings Relationships Religious Teachings () To have and to hold until death do us part. In the eyes of God you have been joined together. They become one flesh. What God has brought together let no man separate.

More information

The Purpose of Marriage

The Purpose of Marriage The Purpose of Marriage 16.1 The Proper, Organized Satisfaction Of Moral, Sexual And Physical Needs Quran - Surah Nisa - Ayat 3 Marry the women you like Hadees - Tirmizi: - Family life is our way and one

More information

Islam Today: Demographics

Islam Today: Demographics Understanding Islam Islam Today: Demographics There are an estimated 1.2 billion Muslims worldwide Approximately 1/5 th of the world's population Where Do Muslims Live? Only 18% of Muslims live in the

More information

MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2012 series 2058 ISLAMIYAT. 2058/21 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 50

MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2012 series 2058 ISLAMIYAT. 2058/21 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 50 CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS GCE Ordinary Level MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2012 series 2058 ISLAMIYAT 2058/21 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 50 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers

More information

4 th Can you define Allah? 3 rd Can you define Adam? Can you define Mosque?

4 th Can you define Allah? 3 rd Can you define Adam? Can you define Mosque? April 2019 AQA Paper 1 Islam 1 st Can you define Ablution? Can you define rak ah? Can you define salah? Can you define Wudu? How many daily prayers are suggested in the Qur an? What does Imam What does

More information

Islam and Mormonism: An Introduction Handout. Preliminary Thoughts:

Islam and Mormonism: An Introduction Handout. Preliminary Thoughts: Islam and Mormonism: An Introduction Handout Preliminary Thoughts: ISLAM Origin/History: Mohammad 570-632AD Revelation from Gabriel (Age 40) Fled to Yathrib (618AD) Conquest of Mecca (629AD) Died 632 Caliphate

More information

A Brief Guide to Ramadan and Fasting. E-Da`wah Committee.

A Brief Guide to Ramadan and Fasting. E-Da`wah Committee. A Brief Guide to Ramadan and Fasting By E-Da`wah Committee www.edc.org.kw All Rights Reserved 2015. E-Da`wah Committee If you have any corrections, comments, or questions about this publication, please

More information

Situation A: Diet. Situation B: Prayer

Situation A: Diet. Situation B: Prayer 1. Read the hypothetical situation: Situation A: Diet Ali, a Muslim, is at a summer picnic with his friend, Michael. At dinner time, Michael s father, Mr. Tam, asks Ali how many pieces of barbecue pork

More information

Chapter 9: Islam & the Arab Empire, Lesson 1: The First Muslims

Chapter 9: Islam & the Arab Empire, Lesson 1: The First Muslims Chapter 9: Islam & the Arab Empire, 600 1000 Lesson 1: The First Muslims World History Bell Ringer #39 11-28-17 Write down what you know about Islam in the lines provided below. It Matters Because Early

More information

The Muslim Community in Scouting

The Muslim Community in Scouting The Muslim Community in Scouting S Item Code FS185024 Dec/02 Edition no 2 0845 300 1818 The values, ethos, educational focus and international scope of the Movement are all compatible with Muslim teaching.

More information

INFORMATION and GUIDANCE ON RAMADHAN 10/11 th August /10 th September 2010

INFORMATION and GUIDANCE ON RAMADHAN 10/11 th August /10 th September 2010 INFORMATION and GUIDANCE ON RAMADHAN 10/11 th August 2010 9/10 th September 2010 INTRODUCTION This guide provides staff and managers with information regarding the Muslim month of Ramadan. Fasting during

More information

Interview with an Islamic Australian law enforcement officer

Interview with an Islamic Australian law enforcement officer Interview with an Islamic Australian law enforcement officer Interviewer: Thanks for chatting with me Ali. The first thing I d like to ask about is the Muslim faith. I m sure you re aware that there are

More information

Islam and Ethics Knowledge Organiser INFO sheet (Part One)

Islam and Ethics Knowledge Organiser INFO sheet (Part One) Islam and Ethics Knowledge Organiser INFO sheet (Part One) Sunni Islam 1 Shahadah - This is the Muslim declaration of faith. All Muslims say it very often to confirm their faith as a Muslim.This Pillar

More information

Cambridge International Advanced Level 9013 Islamic Studies November 2014 Principal Examiner Report for Teachers

Cambridge International Advanced Level 9013 Islamic Studies November 2014 Principal Examiner Report for Teachers ISLAMIC STUDIES Paper 9013/12 Paper 1 General Comments. Candidates are encouraged to pay attention to examination techniques such as reading the questions carefully and developing answers as required.

More information

Index. Index 235. Azan. See Call to prayers

Index. Index 235. Azan. See Call to prayers Index 235 Index A Abee Lahab 113, 233-238 Abee Lahab, wife of 204 Ablution 98, 113, 126-127, 131, 238 Abraham 16, 26, 97-98, 105, 113, 118, 124, 183-184, 233, 235 Abrogation of Quran 93, 95 Abu Bakr 20

More information

Cambridge International Advanced Level 9013 Islamic Studies November 2014 Principal Examiner Report for Teachers

Cambridge International Advanced Level 9013 Islamic Studies November 2014 Principal Examiner Report for Teachers ISLAMIC STUDIES Cambridge International Advanced Level Paper 9013/11 Paper 1 General Comments. Candidates are encouraged to pay attention to examination techniques such as reading the questions carefully

More information

the society and how to deal with them having taqwa mostly about the rights.

the society and how to deal with them having taqwa mostly about the rights. March 17, 2013 Sifaat Al Muttaqin - Al Ma'idah - [Juz 5: Ayah2] Today Insha Allah we will start Surah-e-Ma idah after completing the Ayahs on Muttaqin in Surah Baqara, Ale-Imran and An-Nisa. All these

More information

HISTORY OF ISLAM. Muhammed is God s prophet. Despite different beliefs, Islam wastolerant of other religions, such as Jews and Christians.

HISTORY OF ISLAM. Muhammed is God s prophet. Despite different beliefs, Islam wastolerant of other religions, such as Jews and Christians. ISLAM & JUDAISM MAP HISTORY OF ISLAM Islam means peace through submission to the will of Allah. Those who practice the religion are called Muslims. There is only one God, Allah. Allah was symbolized by

More information

How to do hajj right. Session One. Why this course. At the Islamic Institute of Toronto Oct.03-17, 2010

How to do hajj right. Session One. Why this course. At the Islamic Institute of Toronto Oct.03-17, 2010 How to do hajj right A course presented by Shaikh Ahmad Kutty (Three Sessions) At the Islamic Institute of Toronto Oct.03-17, 2010 Session One In this session, I wish to cover the following: Why this course

More information

Introduction to Islam. Wonders of Arabia Windstar Cruises Ross Arnold, Fall 2014

Introduction to Islam. Wonders of Arabia Windstar Cruises Ross Arnold, Fall 2014 Introduction to Islam Wonders of Arabia Windstar Cruises Ross Arnold, Fall 2014 Father Abraham the world s first monotheist, and source of all three great monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity

More information

Introduction to Islam

Introduction to Islam Introduction to Islam Basic Facts of Islam Islam is the third in succession of the three great monotheistic faiths born in the Middle East (Judaism, Christianity, Islam) Islam is the second largest religion

More information

HADHRAT MUHYI-UD-DIN AL-KHALIFATULLAH. Munir Ahmad Azim. 17 August 2018 (05 Dhul-Hijjah 1439 AH)

HADHRAT MUHYI-UD-DIN AL-KHALIFATULLAH. Munir Ahmad Azim. 17 August 2018 (05 Dhul-Hijjah 1439 AH) Friday Sermon HADHRAT MUHYI-UD-DIN AL-KHALIFATULLAH Munir Ahmad Azim 17 August 2018 (05 Dhul-Hijjah 1439 AH) After greeting all his disciples (and all Muslims) worldwide with the greeting of peace Hadhrat

More information

The Rise of Islam In the seventh century, a new faith took hold in the Middle East. The followers of Islam, Muslims, believe that Allah (God) transmit

The Rise of Islam In the seventh century, a new faith took hold in the Middle East. The followers of Islam, Muslims, believe that Allah (God) transmit The World of Islam The Rise of Islam In the seventh century, a new faith took hold in the Middle East. The followers of Islam, Muslims, believe that Allah (God) transmitted his words through Mohammad,

More information

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 RELIGION STUDIES P2 MEMORANDUM FEBRUARY/MARCH 2009 MARKS: 150 This memorandum consists of 9 pages. Religion Studies/P2 2 DoE/Feb. March 2009 QUESTION 1 1.1 Identity

More information

Islamic World. Standard: Trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE.

Islamic World. Standard: Trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE. Islamic World Standard: Trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE. Essential Question: What were the origins and expansion of the Islamic World? Islam Element: Explain

More information

What do you know about Islam?

What do you know about Islam? Islam Ms. McPeak What do you know about Islam? Islam Quick Facts *Adherents: 1.3-1.6 billion people and In North America there are 5-7 million muslims *Size Rank: Fastest growing religion in the world,

More information

THE VERY IMPORTANT BSCS ALL YOU NEED YOU KNOW SUMMARY OF RELIGIOUS TEACHINGS!

THE VERY IMPORTANT BSCS ALL YOU NEED YOU KNOW SUMMARY OF RELIGIOUS TEACHINGS! KNOW SUMMARY OF TEACHINGS! 1 Use these wherever you can! Remember, you cannot get full marks for your answer unless you use key concepts and religious vocabulary. Many of these teachings can be used in

More information

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH MOST GRFACIOUS, MOST MERCIFUL

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH MOST GRFACIOUS, MOST MERCIFUL IN THE NAME OF ALLAH MOST GRFACIOUS, MOST MERCIFUL How to perform Hajj (Culled from www.al-islam.com) There are three types of Hajj: 1- Hajj At-Tamattu : performing Umrah first and then Hajj. 2- Hajj Al-Qiraan:

More information

I. The Rise of Islam. A. Arabs come from the Arabian Peninsula. Most early Arabs were polytheistic. They recognized a god named Allah and other gods.

I. The Rise of Islam. A. Arabs come from the Arabian Peninsula. Most early Arabs were polytheistic. They recognized a god named Allah and other gods. I. The Rise of Islam A. Arabs come from the Arabian Peninsula. Most early Arabs were polytheistic. They recognized a god named Allah and other gods. 1. Mecca and Muhammad Mecca was a great trading center

More information

0493 ISLAMIYAT. 0493/42 Paper 42 UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

0493 ISLAMIYAT. 0493/42 Paper 42 UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education 0493 ISLAMIYAT 0493/42 Paper 42 Due to a security breach we required all candidates in Pakistan

More information

Background article: Sources, Sunni and Shi'a: Succession and Imams

Background article: Sources, Sunni and Shi'a: Succession and Imams C.T.R. Hewer: GCSE Islam, Sources, Sunni and Shi'a: Succession and Imams, Background 2, page 1 Background article: Sources, Sunni and Shi'a: Succession and Imams What happened after Muhammad? The Shi'a

More information

HADHRAT MUHYI-UD-DIN AL- KHALIFATULLAH

HADHRAT MUHYI-UD-DIN AL- KHALIFATULLAH Eid-Ul-Fitr Sermon HADHRAT MUHYI-UD-DIN AL- KHALIFATULLAH MUNIIR AHMAD AZIIM 26 June 2017 (01 Shawwal 1438 AH) After greeting all his disciples (and all Muslims) worldwide with the greeting of peace and

More information

Overview of Islam. Today, Islam is the world s fastest growing religion with more than 1 billion followers throughout the world

Overview of Islam. Today, Islam is the world s fastest growing religion with more than 1 billion followers throughout the world Overview of Islam Today, Islam is the world s fastest growing religion with more than 1 billion followers throughout the world What was Arabia like before Muhammad? Arabia, the Birthplace of Islam The

More information

Background article: Practices, Pilgrimage to Makka

Background article: Practices, Pilgrimage to Makka C.T.R. Hewer: GCSE Islam, Practices, Pilgrimage to Makka, Background 1, page 1 Background article: Practices, Pilgrimage to Makka United on pilgrimage The largest annual gathering of human beings anywhere

More information

It was narrated on the authorityty of Abu Najih al-irbad bin Sariyah who said: The Messenger of Allah,

It was narrated on the authorityty of Abu Najih al-irbad bin Sariyah who said: The Messenger of Allah, 28 It was narrated on the authorityty of Abu Najih al-irbad bin Sariyah who said: The Messenger of Allah, ( ), delivered an admonition that made our hearts fearful and our eyes tearful. We said, "O Messenger

More information

Being a Muslim, Faith on five pillars of Islam is very important. These five pillars are:

Being a Muslim, Faith on five pillars of Islam is very important. These five pillars are: THE HAJJ For Muslims, Hajj is the fifth & final Pillar of Islam. It takes Place in the month of Dhul Hijjah which is the twelve month of islamic lunar calendar. Hajj officially begins on 8th of Dhul Hijjah

More information

Chapter 10: The Muslim World,

Chapter 10: The Muslim World, Name Chapter 10: The Muslim World, 600 1250 DUE DATE: The Muslim World The Rise of Islam Terms and Names Allah One God of Islam Muhammad Founder of Islam Islam Religion based on submission to Allah Muslim

More information

Political Science Legal Studies 217

Political Science Legal Studies 217 Political Science Legal Studies 217 Islamic Law Origins of Islam Prophet Muhammed Muhammad ibn Abdullah (570 632 c.e.).) Born in what is today Saudi Arabia Received revelation from God in 610 c.e. Continued

More information

The World Of Islam. By: Hazar Jaber

The World Of Islam. By: Hazar Jaber The World Of Islam By: Hazar Jaber Islam : literally means Submission, Peace. Culture Politics Why is it complicated? The story how it all began Muhammad (pbuh) was born in Mecca (570-632 AD) At age 40

More information

Islam and Religion in the Middle East

Islam and Religion in the Middle East Islam and Religion in the Middle East The Life of Young Muhammad Born in 570 CE to moderately influential Meccan family Early signs that Muhammad would be Prophet Muhammad s mother (Amina) hears a voice

More information

QUESTION WHAT ARE THE MAJOR POINTS OF SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE BELIEFS AND PRACTICES OF MUSLIMS AND CHRISTIANS?

QUESTION WHAT ARE THE MAJOR POINTS OF SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE BELIEFS AND PRACTICES OF MUSLIMS AND CHRISTIANS? QUESTION WHAT ARE THE MAJOR POINTS OF SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE BELIEFS AND PRACTICES OF MUSLIMS AND CHRISTIANS? INTRODUCTION The early history of Islam revolves around one central figure,

More information

ISLAM Festivities Ending Ramadan Microsoft Encarta 2006.

ISLAM Festivities Ending Ramadan Microsoft Encarta 2006. ISLAM Three of the great religions of the world have a number of things in common. These religions are one-god centered. They worship a personal God. Two of them, Christianity and Islam, stem from the

More information

As I Enter. Think about: Agenda: Holy Quotes! You decide- is it from the bible, the Torah, or the Quran?

As I Enter. Think about: Agenda: Holy Quotes! You decide- is it from the bible, the Torah, or the Quran? As I Enter Think about: Holy Quotes! You decide- is it from the bible, the Torah, or the Quran? Agenda: Notes on Islam Notes on Judaism Jerusalem Timeline Quotations from Holy Books Determine whether the

More information

Understanding Islam Series One: The Big Picture. Part Twelve: What happened after Muhammad: the Shi'a View?

Understanding Islam Series One: The Big Picture. Part Twelve: What happened after Muhammad: the Shi'a View? C.T.R. Hewer. UI: Big Picture 12, page 1 Understanding Islam Series One: The Big Picture To view the video that goes with this article, go to www.ahlulbayt.tv/understandingislam Part Twelve: What happened

More information

In the name of Allah Most Gracious Most Merciful

In the name of Allah Most Gracious Most Merciful In the name of Allah Most Gracious Most Merciful The Four Pillars of Pilgrimage are: Obligations of pilgrimage 1. The intention of entering into the state of consecration (Ihram): which is the intention

More information

Jihad - struggle in the way of Allah

Jihad - struggle in the way of Allah Jihad - struggle in the way of Allah Jihad The literal meaning of Jihad is struggle or effort, and it means much more than holy war. Muslims use the word Jihad to describe three different kinds of struggle:

More information

Islam st Hour World History

Islam st Hour World History Islam 101 1 st Hour World History Mecca Ka ba Mount Of Mercy Ramadan Miranda Connor, Zoe Bonilla, Maddie Cohen What is it? O 40 days of fasting from liquids, foods, and sexual activity O Daily from dawn

More information

MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2015 series 2058 ISLAMIYAT. 2058/21 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 50

MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2015 series 2058 ISLAMIYAT. 2058/21 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 50 CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS Cambridge Ordinary Level MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2015 series 2058 ISLAMIYAT 2058/21 Paper 2, maximum raw mark 50 This mark scheme is published as an aid

More information

2Before Marriage. 26 M a r r i a g e a n d t h e H o m e LESSON

2Before Marriage. 26 M a r r i a g e a n d t h e H o m e LESSON 26 M a r r i a g e a n d t h e H o m e LESSON 2Before Marriage God s standards of right and wrong are intended to make His sons and daughters fit and able to live to the fullest. First Corinthians 9:24

More information

Observances. Ramadan and Other. Chapter. Day by Day. In This Chapter

Observances. Ramadan and Other. Chapter. Day by Day. In This Chapter Chapter Ramadan and Other Observances In This Chapter Learn about dailv Muslim observances Find out about important requiremens and u adiüons that affect non-muslims attending services Get the kev facts

More information

ISLAM. AP World History Notes Chapter 11

ISLAM. AP World History Notes Chapter 11 ISLAM AP World History Notes Chapter 11 The Homeland of Islam Originated on the Arabian Peninsula Had long been inhabited by nomadic Arabs = the Bedouins Located along important trade routes Indian Ocean,

More information

Islam Respecting Diversity

Islam Respecting Diversity Islam Respecting Diversity Put Yourself In My Shoes! Slide 2 The country with the largest Muslim population is. a. India b. Indonesia c. Saudi Arabia d. Iraq Slide 3 Who is American? Slide 4 Most Muslims

More information

What differentiates Muhammad from other prophets? If Muslims believe in them all, why does one always hear about Muhammad?

What differentiates Muhammad from other prophets? If Muslims believe in them all, why does one always hear about Muhammad? Who is Muhammad 1 2 Prophets According to Islamic understanding, God not only creates humans but also provides them with a message to live by, which is conveyed and explicated by messengers chosen from

More information

WORLD RELIGIONS. Mr. Booth World History 2015

WORLD RELIGIONS. Mr. Booth World History 2015 WORLD RELIGIONS Mr. Booth World History 2015 5 Major Religions Christianity Islam Judaism Buddhism Hinduism + Confucianism/Taoism 5 Categories of Religions 1. Monotheistic Belief in one God (Christianity,

More information